转载: https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000#0
人生不如意之事十之八九,合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的。
准备新的
feature1
分支,继续我们的新分支开发:
$ git checkout -b feature1
Switched to a new branch
'feature1'
修改readme.txt最后一行,改为:
Creating a
new branch is quick
AND simple.
在
feature1
分支上提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git
commit -m
"AND simple"
[feature1
75a857c]
AND simple
1 file changed,
1 insertion(+),
1 deletion(-)
切换到
master
分支:
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1
commit.
Git还会自动提示我们当前
master
分支比远程的
master
分支要超前1个提交。
在
master
分支上把readme.txt文件的最后一行改为:
Creating a
new branch is quick & simple.
提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m
"& simple"
[master
400b40
0] & simple
1 file changed,
1 insertion(+),
1 deletion(-)
现在,
master
分支和
feature1
分支各自都分别有新的提交,变成了这样:
这种情况下,Git无法执行“快速合并”,只能试图把各自的修改合并起来,但这种合并就可能会有冲突,我们试试看:
$ git merge feature1
Auto-merging readme.txt
CONFLICT (content)
:
Merge conflict
in readme.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts
and
then commit the result.
果然冲突了!Git告诉我们,readme.txt文件存在冲突,必须手动解决冲突后再提交。
git status
也可以告诉我们冲突的文件:
$ git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
#
# Unmerged paths:
# (use "git add/rm ..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
#
# both modified: readme.txt
#
no changes added to commit (use
"git add"
and/
or
"git commit -a")
我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容:
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.
<
<<<<<<
HEAD
Creating
a
new
branch
is
quick
&
simple.
=
======
Creating
a
new
branch
is
quick
AND
simple.
>>>>>>> feature1
Git用
<<<<<<<
,
=======
,
>>>>>>>
标记出不同分支的内容,我们修改如下后保存:
Creating a
new branch is quick
and simple.
再提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m
"conflict fixed"
[master
59bc1cb] conflict fixed
现在,
master
分支和
feature1
分支变成了下图所示:
用带参数的
git log
也可以看到分支的合并情况:
$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
*
59bc1cb conflict fixed
|\
| *
75a857c
AND simple
* |
400b400 & simple
|/
* fec145a branch test
...
最后,删除
feature1
分支:
$ git branch -d feature1
Deleted branch feature1 (was
75a857c).
工作完成。
小结
当Git无法自动合并分支时,就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后,再提交,合并完成。
用
git log --graph
命令可以看到分支合并图。