Java ExecutorService四种线程池及ThreadPoolExecutor机制

一、Java 线程池

 

Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
1、newCachedThreadPool:创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。(线程最大并发数不可控制)
2、newFixedThreadPool:创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
3、newScheduledThreadPool:创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
4、newSingleThreadExecutor:创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

线程池比较单线程的优势在于:

a. 重用存在的线程,减少对象创建、消亡的开销,性能佳。
b. 可有效控制最大并发线程数,提高系统资源的使用率,同时避免过多资源竞争,避免堵塞。
c. 提供定时执行、定期执行、单线程、并发数控制等功能。

参考:http://blog.csdn.net/nk_tf/article/details/51959276

 

二、ThreadPoolExecutor机制

看看上面几种线程池的实现代码:

1、newCachedThreadPool


public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue());
    }

2、newFixedThreadPool


public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue());
    }

3、newScheduledThreadPool


public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
    }

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue workQueue) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
    }

4、newSingleThreadExecutor


public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue()));
    }

可以看出这几种线程池最终都是返回了ThreadPoolExecutor对象。

 

下面来看一下ThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法:


public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,//核心线程池大小
                              int maximumPoolSize,//最大线程池大小
                              long keepAliveTime,//线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间;可以allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)成为核心线程的有效时间
                              TimeUnit unit,//keepAliveTime的时间单位
                              BlockingQueue workQueue,//阻塞任务队列
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,//线程工厂
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {//当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时,任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

 重点讲解: 
其中比较容易让人误解的是:corePoolSize,maximumPoolSize,workQueue之间关系。 

1.当线程池小于corePoolSize时,新提交任务将创建一个新线程执行任务,即使此时线程池中存在空闲线程。 
2.当线程池达到corePoolSize时,新提交任务将被放入workQueue中,等待线程池中任务调度执行 
3.当workQueue已满,且maximumPoolSize>corePoolSize时,新提交任务会创建新线程执行任务 
4.当提交任务数超过maximumPoolSize时,新提交任务由RejectedExecutionHandler处理 
5.当线程池中超过corePoolSize线程,空闲时间达到keepAliveTime时,关闭空闲线程 
6.当设置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)时,线程池中corePoolSize线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime也将关闭 

 

那么学会使用ThreadPoolExecutor的参数后,我们就可以不用局限于最上面那四种线程池,可以按照需要来构建自己的线程池;

还有一点,通过ThreadFactory可以实现对线程的命名,举例:


executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactory() {

            final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);

            public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) {
                // Use our own naming scheme for the threads.
                Thread thread = new Thread(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), runnable,
                        "pool-spark" + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); //这里实现命名
                // Make workers daemon threads.
                thread.setDaemon(true);
                if (thread.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) {
                    thread.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
                }
                return thread;
            }
        });

 

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