linux 命令一
1.[root@spark000 ~]# clear
清屏
2.[root@spark000 home]# vi test.log
i -》编辑
esc -》 命令模式
shift+:-->end 输入 wq 保存
3.[root@spark000 home]# cat test.log
as
查看文件内容
4 [root@spark000 home]# pwd
/home
查看当前路径
5 家目录
家目录: 用户所在的默认的目录
/root 超级管理员
/home/cqk
/home/xxxx
6 cd切换目录
cd path 切换到指定目录
[root@spark000 home]# cd /usr/local
[root@spark000 local]#
cd ~切换到当前用户家目录
[root@spark000 home]# cd /usr/local
[root@spark000 local]# cd ~
cd - 切换到上一次目录
[root@spark000 local]# cd /home
[root@spark000 home]# cd -
/usr/local
[root@spark000 local]#
cd ../ 切换到上一层目录
[root@spark000 local]# cd ../
[root@spark000 usr]#
7
ls查看当前目录下的文件文件夹的名称
[root@spark000 ~]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel
CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel.sha
cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.13.1_x86_64.tar.gz
ifloop.sh
jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz
log4j.log
manifest.json
mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar
opt
ls -l ==> ll 查看当前目录下的文件和文件夹的详细信息
[root@spark000 ~]# ll
total 2816416
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9417469 Aug 29 14:30 apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1934231261 May 11 12:21 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 May 11 12:00 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel.sha
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 753729280 May 11 11:57 cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.13.1_x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 Jun 20 10:00 ifloop.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 185515842 May 11 11:41 jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 740 May 11 16:01 log4j.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73766 Feb 23 2018 manifest.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 999635 May 11 15:58 mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 12:43 opt
ls -l -a ==》ll-a查看隐藏文件
隐藏文件：文件或文件夹名称以.开头
[root@spark000 ~]# ll -a
total 2816468
drwxr-xr-x. 6 1106 4001 4096 Sep 26 11:53 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 May 29 14:01 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9417469 Aug 29 14:30 apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 5201 Sep 30 08:54 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Dec 29 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 Dec 29 2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1934231261 May 11 12:21 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 May 11 12:00 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel.sha
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 753729280 May 11 11:57 cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.13.1_x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Dec 29 2013 .cshrc
drwxr-x--- 3 root root 4096 Sep 2 09:25 .FineReport80
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 Jun 20 10:00 ifloop.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 185515842 May 11 11:41 jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 740 May 11 16:01 log4j.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73766 Feb 23 2018 manifest.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 999635 May 11 15:58 mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 12:43 opt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 11:47 .oracle_jre_usage
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Sep 26 11:50 ss
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 May 11 11:37 .ssh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Dec 29 2013 .tcshrc
-rw------- 1 root root 674 May 11 11:32 .viminfo
ls -l -h ll -h 文件的大小(不是文件夹)
[root@spark000 ~]# ll -h
total 2.7G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.0M Aug 29 14:30 apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.9G May 11 12:21 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 May 11 12:00 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel.sha
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 719M May 11 11:57 cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.13.1_x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 Jun 20 10:00 ifloop.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177M May 11 11:41 jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 740 May 11 16:01 log4j.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73K Feb 23 2018 manifest.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 977K May 11 15:58 mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 11 12:43 opt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Sep 26 11:50 ss
ls -l -rt 按时间排序
[root@spark000 ~]# ll -rt
total 2816416
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73766 Feb 23 2018 manifest.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 185515842 May 11 11:41 jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 753729280 May 11 11:57 cloudera-manager-centos7-cm5.13.1_x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 May 11 12:00 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel.sha
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1934231261 May 11 12:21 CDH-5.13.1-1.cdh5.13.1.p0.2-el7.parcel
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 12:43 opt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 999635 May 11 15:58 mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 740 May 11 16:01 log4j.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 Jun 20 10:00 ifloop.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9417469 Aug 29 14:30 apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Sep 26 11:50 ss
mkdir 文件夹名称 1层
[root@spark000 home]# mkdir cqk
[root@spark000 home]# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:37 cqk
mkdir -p a/b/c -p级联创建
[root@spark000 home]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@spark000 home]# ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:43 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:37 cqk
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 Sep 30 08:58 test.log
[root@spark000 home]# cd a
[root@spark000 a]# cd b
[root@spark000 b]# cd c
[root@spark000 c]# ll
total 0
[root@spark000 c]# pwd
/home/a/b/c
mkdir q w e 同一层创建3个目录
[root@spark000 home]# mkdir q w e
[root@spark000 home]# ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:43 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:37 cqk
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:46 e
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:46 q
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 Sep 30 08:58 test.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:46 w
[root@spark000 home]#
8 创建文件
vi test.log
touch test.log
9.移动复制 多份
mv xxx yyyy
cp xxx yyyy 文件
cp -r 文件夹
10.查看文件内容
cat xxx.log 一下子将内容刷新出来
more xxx.log 一页页按 【空格键】 翻下；【B】上
按 ctrl+z终止
11. > 箭头
> 覆盖
[root@spark000 home]# echo 123 > test.log
[root@spark000 home]# more test.log
123
[root@spark000 home]# echo 456 > test.log
[root@spark000 home]# more test.log
456
[root@spark000 home]#
>> 追加
[root@spark000 home]# echo 2345656 >> test.log
[root@spark000 home]# more test.log
123
2345656
12.环境变量文件
全局: /etc/profile
生效：source /etc/profile
个人: 家目录/.bash_profile
家目录/.bashrc
source 家目录/.bash_profile
. .bash_profile
13.切换用户
su cqk
su - cqk 进入家目录 执行环境变量文件生效
14.删除
rm xxx.log 删除文件询问是否还要删除
[root@spark000 home]# rm test.log
rm: remove regular file ‘test.log’?
rm -f xxx.log 不询问
[root@spark000 home]# rm -f text.log
[root@spark000 home]#
rm -r -f yyy 不询问 删除文件夹
[root@spark000 home]# rm -r -f a
[root@spark000 home]#
rm -rf yyy
[root@spark000 home]# rm -rf e
[root@spark000 home]#
15.查看历史命令
[root@spark000 home]# history
456 ll
457 rm test.log
458 ll
459 rm -f text.log
460 rm -f a
461 rm -r-f a
462 rm -r -f a
463 rm -rf e
464 histroy
465 history
执行第几行命令
[root@spark000 home]# !458
ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 15:50 cqk
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:46 q
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:46 w
[root@spark000 home]#
15.用户和用户组
[root@spark000 home]# ll /usr/sbin/user*
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 118192 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/useradd
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 80360 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/userdel
-rws--x--x. 1 root root 40312 Jun 10 2014 /usr/sbin/userhelper
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 113840 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/usermod
-rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 11296 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/usernetctl
[root@spark000 home]# ll /usr/sbin/group*
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 65480 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/groupadd
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 57016 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/groupdel
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 57064 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/groupmems
-rwxr-x---. 1 root root 76424 Nov 6 2016 /usr/sbin/groupmod
[root@spark000 ~]# useradd spark000
[root@spark000 ~]# id spark000
uid=1001(spark000) gid=1001(spark000) groups=1001(spark000)
spark000用户 spark000用户组 同时spark000用户组为主组
[root@spark000 ~]# userdel spark000
[root@spark000 ~]# useradd spark000
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
[root@spark000 home]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 15:50 cqk
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:46 q
drwx------ 2 spark000 spark000 4096 Sep 30 15:59 spark000
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 09:46 w
[root@spark000 ~]# su spark001
[spark001@spark000 root]$ pwd
/root
[root@spark000 ~]# su - spark001
Last login: Sun Sep 30 17:22:12 CST 2018 on pts/3
[spark001@spark000 ~]$ pwd
/home/spark001