基础上位机的实现

1、构思功能

串口助手在单片机开发中经常被用来调试，最基本的功能就是接收功能和发送功能，其次，串口在打开前需要进行一些设置：串口列表选择、波特率、数据位、校验位、停止位，这样就有了一个基本的雏形；然后我们在下一篇中在此功能上添加：ASCII/HEX显示，发送，发送新行功能，重复自动发送功能，显示接收数据时间这几项扩展功能；

2、设计布局

根据以上功能，将整个界面分为两块：设置界面（不可缩放）+ 接收区和发送区（可缩放），下面就来依次拖放控件实现：

1）容器控件（Panel）

2）文本标签控件（Lable）

3）下拉组合框控件（ComboBox）

4）按钮控件（Button）

5）文本框控件（TextBox）

6）串口组件（SerialPort）

//获取电脑当前可用串口并添加到选项列表中
   comboBox1.Items.AddRange(System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames());

 public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private long receive_count = 0; //接收字节计数
        private StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();    //为了避免在接收处理函数中反复调用，依然声明为一个全局变量
        private StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
        private DateTime current_time = new DateTime();    //为了避免在接收处理函数中反复调用，依然声明为一个全局变量
        private StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();    //避免在事件处理方法中反复创建，定义为全局
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            comboBox_portname.Items.AddRange(System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames());//添加到串口框
            button_clear.Enabled = false;
            button_sent.Enabled = false;
            comboBox_BaudRate.Text = "9600";
            comboBox_datebit.Text = "8";
            comboBox_parity.Text = "None";
            comboBox_stopdit.Text = "1";
        }

        private void button_openport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (serialPort1.IsOpen)
                {
                    serialPort1.Close();
                    button_openport.Text = "打开串口";
                    button_clear.Enabled = false;
                    button_sent.Enabled = false;
                    comboBox_BaudRate.Enabled = true;
                    comboBox_datebit.Enabled = true;
                    comboBox_parity.Enabled = true;
                    comboBox_portname.Enabled = true;
                    comboBox_stopdit.Enabled = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    button_clear.Enabled = true;
                    button_sent.Enabled = true;
                    serialPort1.PortName = comboBox_portname.Text;
                    serialPort1.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(comboBox_BaudRate.Text);
                    serialPort1.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(comboBox_datebit.Text);
                    if (comboBox_parity.Text=="None")
                        serialPort1.Parity= System.IO.Ports.Parity.None;
                    else if(comboBox_parity.Text == "Odd")
                        serialPort1.Parity = System.IO.Ports.Parity.Odd;
                    else if(comboBox_parity.Text == "Even")
                        serialPort1.Parity = System.IO.Ports.Parity.Even;
                    else if(comboBox_parity.Text == "Mark")
                        serialPort1.Parity = System.IO.Ports.Parity.Mark;
                    else if (comboBox_parity.Text == "Space")
                        serialPort1.Parity = System.IO.Ports.Parity.Space;
                    if(comboBox_stopdit.Text=="1")
                        serialPort1.StopBits = System.IO.Ports.StopBits.One;
                    else if(comboBox_stopdit.Text == "1.5")
                        serialPort1.StopBits = System.IO.Ports.StopBits.OnePointFive;
                    else
                        serialPort1.StopBits = System.IO.Ports.StopBits.Two;
                    serialPort1.Open();
                    button_openport.Text = "关闭串口";
                    comboBox_BaudRate.Enabled = false;
                    comboBox_datebit.Enabled = false;
                    comboBox_parity.Enabled = false;
                    comboBox_portname.Enabled = false;
                    comboBox_stopdit.Enabled = false;
                    radioButton_hex.Checked = true;
                    radioButton2.Checked = true;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                comboBox_portname.Items.Clear();                
                comboBox_portname.Items.AddRange(System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames());
                button_openport.Text = "打开串口";
            }
        }

        private void button_clear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            textBox_receiver.Text = "";
            textBox_sent.Text = "";
        }
        private void button_sent_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            byte[] temp = new byte[1];
            byte[] adc = new byte[1];
           try
            {
                if (serialPort1.IsOpen)
                {
                    if (radioButton_hex.Checked)
                    {
                        int num = 0;
                        string[] send_data_group = textBox_sent.Text.Split(' ');
                        for (int j = 0; j < send_data_group.Length; j++)
                        {
                            string send_data = send_data_group[j];  
                                                    
                            num = (send_data.Length - send_data.Length % 2) / 2;//需要发送的组数
                            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
                            {
                                adc[0] = Convert.ToByte(send_data.Substring(i * 2, 2),16);
                                temp[0] = Convert.ToByte(send_data.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16);
                                serialPort1.Write(temp, 0, 1);
                                s.Append(adc[0].ToString("X2") +" ");//循环发送从temp中0位开始选取一个当成字符串                              
                            }
                           
                            if (send_data.Length % 2 != 0)
                            {
                                adc[0] = Convert.ToByte(send_data.Substring(send_data.Length - 1, 1),16);
                                temp[0] = Convert.ToByte(send_data.Substring(send_data.Length - 1, 1), 16);
                                serialPort1.Write(temp, 0, 1);                               
                                s.Append(adc[0].ToString("X2")+" ");    //将byte型数据转化为2位16进制文本显示，并用空格隔开                            
                            }

                            current_time = System.DateTime.Now;     //获取当前时间

                        }
                        textBox_receiver.AppendText(current_time.ToString("[yyyy:MM:dd:HH:mm:ss:fff]") + "【发送】  " + s.ToString());
                        textBox_receiver.AppendText("\n");
                        textBox_sent.Text = "";
                        s.Clear();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        current_time = System.DateTime.Now;     //获取当前时间
                        textBox_receiver.AppendText(current_time.ToString("[yyyy:MM:dd:HH:mm:ss:fff]") + "【发送】  " + textBox_sent.Text.ToString());
                        textBox_receiver.AppendText("\n");
                        textBox_sent.Text = "";
                        serialPort1.Write(textBox_sent.Text);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("串口未打开！");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                serialPort1.Close();
                //捕获到异常，创建一个新的对象，之前的不可以再用
                serialPort1 = new System.IO.Ports.SerialPort();
                //刷新COM口选项
                comboBox_portname.Items.Clear();
                comboBox_portname.Items.AddRange(System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames());
                //响铃并显示异常给用户
                System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
               button_openport.Text = "打开串口";
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);

                button_clear.Enabled = true;
                button_sent.Enabled = true;
                button_clear.Enabled = false;
                button_sent.Enabled = false;
                comboBox_BaudRate.Enabled = true;
                comboBox_datebit.Enabled = true;
                comboBox_parity.Enabled = true;
                comboBox_portname.Enabled = true;
                comboBox_stopdit.Enabled = true;
            }
        }

        private void serialPort1_DataReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(60);
            int num = serialPort1.BytesToRead;      //获取接收缓冲区中的字节数
            byte[] received_buf = new byte[serialPort1.BytesToRead];    //声明一个大小为num的字节数据用于存放读出的byte型数据
            receive_count += num;                   //接收字节计数变量增加nun
            serialPort1.Read(received_buf, 0, num);   //读取接收缓冲区中num个字节到byte数组中

            sb.Clear();     //防止出错,首先清空字符串构造器

            if (radioButton2.Checked)
            {
                //选中HEX模式显示
                foreach (byte b in received_buf)
                {
                    sb.Append(b.ToString("X2") + ' ');    //将byte型数据转化为2位16进制文本显示，并用空格隔开
                }
            }
            else
            {
                //选中ASCII模式显示
                sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(received_buf));  //将整个数组解码为ASCII数组
            }
            try
            {
                //因为要访问UI资源，所以需要使用invoke方式同步ui
                Invoke((EventHandler)(delegate
                {

                    //显示时间
                    current_time = System.DateTime.Now;     //获取当前时间
                    textBox_receiver.AppendText(current_time.ToString("[yyyy:MM:dd:HH:mm:ss:fff]") + "【接收】  " + sb.ToString());
                    textBox_receiver.AppendText("\n");
                }));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                //响铃并显示异常给用户
                System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }
        }
        private void comboBox_portname_DropDown(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //获取电脑当前可用串口并添加到选项列表中
            comboBox_portname.Items.Clear();
            comboBox_portname.Items.AddRange(System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames());
        }
    }