CentOS7安装Nextcloud13 使用（Nginx+MariaDB+PHP）

在这篇文章中，我将向你展示如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 13。我会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud，同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。

一、环境说明

• 一个带有50G云硬盘的CVM主机（腾讯云）
• CentOS 7.3 （腾讯云公共镜像）
• SELinux关闭
• 已经使用yum update升级软件

二、安装Nginx

添加EPEL包的仓库源
yum -y install epel-release
通过EPEL仓库来安装Nginx
yum -y install nginx

三、安装PHP7和PHP7-FPM

添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库，并安装PHP7以及功能相关的包。

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel

四、配置PHP-FPM

我们需要配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。php7-fpm 将使用 nginx 用户来运行，并监听 9000 端口。
使用 vim 编辑默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。

vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

修改以下不连续的记录点，修改用户，指定端口，启用环境变量。

#Line 8-10
user = nginx
group = nginx
#Line 22
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
#Line 366-370
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器.
需要在 /var/lib/ 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 session，并将其拥有者变更为 nginx 用户。最后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx，并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。

mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/

sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl start nginx

sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable nginx

五、安装MariaDB

这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 yum 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 mariadb-server包。

yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

另外也可以选择安装MySQL之前建议更换yum为国内的源，不然下载速度会很慢。这里有一篇我自己写的博客，传送门：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_36731677/article/details/76060519

六、配置MariaDB

使用MySQL初始化指令初始化root用户，默认密码为空。

mysql_secure_installation

#配置过程
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

先使用命令登录MySQL

mysql -u root -p

输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。

create database nextcloud;
create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';
flush privileges;
exit

七、安装SSL证书

我们可以自己生成SSL证书，也可以申请专业的SSL证书。
自签名的SSL证书在使用的时候会报错，建议使用有资质的SSL证书。
安装过程如下：
为 SSL 文件创建新目录：

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/

可以使用OpenSSL自签名证书，但是更推荐使用具有官方认证的SSL证书

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.key

在该目录下储存申请过的SSL证书，并设置证书的权限：

chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*

八、下载和初步安装 Nextcloud

找到正确的官方下载库：https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/
安装必要的下载解压工具

yum -y install wget unzip

先进入 /tmp 目录，然后使用 wget 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 13。

cd /tmp
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-13.0.0.zip

解压 Nextcloud，并将其移动到 /var/www 目录。

mkdir /var/www/
unzip nextcloud-13.0.0.zip
mv nextcloud/ /var/www/

为NextCloud创建文件储存文件夹，并授予一定的权限。

cd /var/www
mkdir -p nextcloud/data
chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/

手动指定文件储存位置

若想修改文件储存的位置（比如你另外购买了一块云硬盘）
这时则需要编辑nextcloud的配置文件，修改datadirectory指向的文件夹。

vim /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.sample.php

将'datadirectory' => '/var/www/owncloud_data/'
修改为'datadirectory' => '你的路径'

九、配置Nginx转发规则

我们需要在Nginx的配置文件下写入有关nextcloud的转发协议。
我们可以直接新建一个配置文件并写入信息，当Nginx重新加载后就能使用配置文件了。

cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
vim nextcloud.conf

根据个人需要修改并写入配置：

• server_name需要改为域名
• ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key需要改为SSL证书对应的文件
• root需要改为nextcloud文件夹所在路径
• 配置数据来自nextcloud官方文档

upstream php-handler {
    server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name cloud.example.com;
    # enforce https
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    # Add headers to serve security related headers
    # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
    # topic first.
    # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
    # includeSubDomains; preload;";
    #
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/www/nextcloud/;

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
    # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
    # last;

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }

    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
    # This module is currently not supported.
    #pagespeed off;

    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        #Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }

    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
        # have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
        # this topic first.
        # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
        #
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

检验一下配置的正确性之后就能用域名访问网盘了

nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

常见错误

有可能你在访问页面时可以正常显示但是提示你**“内部服务器错误”**，若出现这个情况有两个可能：

• Nginx对nextcloud文件夹的访问权限不够，使用如下操作重新给予权限

cd /var/www
mkdir -p nextcloud/data
chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/

• SELinux未关闭
  永久关闭SELinux需要编辑文件/etc/selinux/config，将SELINUX=enforcing修改为SELINUX=disabled，重启后生效
  临时关闭SELinux只需要在shell中输入setenforce 0就可以临时关闭SELinux。