What's blocking my lock?
If you've ever gotten a phone call from an annoyed user whose transaction just won't go through, or from a developer who can't understand why her application sessions are blocking each other, you know how useful it can be to identify not just whose lock is doing the blocking, but what object is locked. Even better, you can identify the exact row that a session is waiting to lock.
Create a blocking lock
To begin, create a situation where one user is actively blocking another. Open two sessions. Issue the following commands in Session 1 to build the test table:
Now grab a lock on the whole table, still in Session 1:
SQL> select * from tstlock for update ;
And in Session 2, try to update a row:
This statement will hang, blocked by the lock that Session 1 is holding on the entire table.Identify the blocking session
Oracle provides a view, DBA_BLOCKERS, which lists the SIDs of all blocking sessions. But this view is often, in my experience, a good bit slower than simply querying V$LOCK, and it doesn't offer any information beyond the SIDs of any sessions that are blocking other sessions. The V$LOCK view is faster to query, makes it easy to identify the blocking session, and has a lot more information.
Note the BLOCK column. If a session holds a lock that's blocking another session, BLOCK=1. Further, you can tell which session is being blocked by comparing the values in ID1 and ID2. The blocked session will have the same values in ID1 and ID2 as the blocking session, and, since it is requesting a lock it's unable to get, it will have REQUEST > 0.
In the query above, we can see that SID 422 is blocking SID 479. SID 422 corresponds to Session 1 in our example, and SID 479 is our blocked Session 2.
To avoid having to stare at the table and cross-compare ID1's and ID2's, put this in a query:
Even better, if we throw a little v$session into the mix, the results are highly readable:There's still more information in the v$lock table, but in order to read that information, we need to understand a bit more about lock types and the cryptically-named ID1 and ID2 columns.
Lock type and the ID1 / ID2 columns
In this case, we already know that the blocking lock is an exclusive DML lock, since we're the ones who issued the locking statement. But most of the time, you won't be so lucky. Fortunately, you can read this information from the v$lock table with little effort.
The first place to look is the TYPE column. There are dozens of lock types, but the vast majority are system types. System locks are normally only held for a very brief amount of time, and it's not generally helpful to try to tune your library cache, undo logs, etc. by looking in v$lock! (See the V$LOCK chapter in the Oracle Database Reference for a list of system lock types.)
There are only three types of user locks, TX, TM and UL. UL is a user-defined lock -- a lock defined with the DBMS_LOCK package. The TX lock is a row transaction lock; it's acquired once for every transaction that changes data, no matter how many objects you change in that transaction. The ID1 and ID2 columns point to the rollback segment and transaction table entries for that transaction.
The TM lock is a DML lock. It's acquired once for each object that's being changed. The ID1 column identifies the object being modified.
Lock Modes
You can see more information on TM and TX locks just by looking at the lock modes. The LMODE and REQUEST columns both use the same numbering for lock modes, in order of increasing exclusivity: from 0 for no lock, to 6 for exclusive lock. A session must obtain an exclusive TX lock in order to change data; LMODE will be 6. If it can't obtain an exclusive lock because some of the rows it wants to change are locked by another session, then it will request a TX in exclusive mode; LMODE will be 0 since it does not have the lock, and REQUEST will be 6. You can see this interaction in the rows we selected earlier from v$lock:
Note that ID1 and ID2 in Session 2, which is requesting the TX lock (LMODE=0, REQUEST=6), point back to the rollback and transaction entries for Session 1. That's what lets us determine the blocking session for Session 2.
You may also see TX locks in mode 4, Shared mode. If a block containing rows to be changed doesn't have any interested transaction list (ITL) entries left, then the session acquires a TX lock in mode 4 while waiting for an ITL entry. If you see contention for TX-4 locks on an object, you probably need to increase INITRANS for the object.
TM locks are generally requested and acquired in modes 3, aka Shared-Row Exclusive, and 6. DDL requires a TM Exclusive lock. (Note that CREATE TABLE doesn't require a TM lock -- it doesn't need to lock any objects, because the object in question doesn't exist yet!) DML requires a Shared-Row Exclusive lock. So, in the rows we selected earlier from v$lock, you can see from the TM locking levels that these are DML locks:
Identifying the locked object
Now that we know that each TM row points to a locked object, we can use ID1 to identify the object.
Sometimes just knowing the object is enough information; but we can dig even deeper. We can identify not just the object, but the block and even the row in the block that Session 2 is waiting on.
Identifying the locked row
We can get this information from v$session by looking at the v$session entry for the blocked session:
This gives us the object ID, the relative file number, the block in the datafile, and the row in the block that the session is waiting on. If that list of data sounds familiar, it's because those are the four components of an extended ROWID. We can build the row's actual extended ROWID from these components using the DBMS_ROWID package. The ROWID_CREATE function takes these arguments and returns the ROWID:And, of course, this lets us inspect the row directly.
Conclusion
We've seen how to identify a blocking session, and how to inspect the very row that the waiting session is waiting for. And, I hope, learned a bit about v$lock in the process.
About the author
Natalka Roshak is a senior Oracle and Sybase database administrator, analyst, and architect. She is based in Kingston, Ontario, and consults across North America. More of her scripts and tips can be found in her online DBA toolkit at http://toolkit.rdbms-insight.com/ .FROM: http://www.orafaq.com/node/854