CentOS7配置

参考文章
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-encrypt-tomcat-8-connections-with-apache-or-nginx-on-centos-7
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-using-firewalld-on-centos-7

网络配置

# 查看版本的几种方法
lsb_release -a
uname
uname -r
uname -a
cat /etc/redhat-release
cat /etc/centos-release
rpm -q redhat-release
cat /proc/version

# 配置静态IP
# 配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736
(eno16777736 是设备名)
# 重启网络
/etc/init.d/network restart
systemctl restart network.service
# 查看网络情况
ifconfig
ip add
--------------------------------------------------------
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=62da3834-9ccf-4a71-874b-702077e16ec9
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=yes #开机启用本配置
HWADDR=00:0C:29:C3:60:78
IPADDR=192.168.214.100 #静态IP
GATEWAY=192.168.214.2 #默认网关
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
#DNS1= #DNS
NM_CONTROLLED=no #该接口将通过该配置文件进行设置而不通过网络管理器进行管理
PREFIX=24
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
--------------------------------------------------------
查看网络管理器服务的状态
systemctl status NetworkManager.service
查看受网络管理器管理的网络接口
nmcli dev status

配置DNS
vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114

yum配置

安装CentOS之后安全相关

Initial Server Setup with CentOS 7

0x01 Root Login

# root用户通过ssh登录
# ssh root@SERVER_IP_ADDRESS
ssh [email protected]

How To Connect To Your Droplet with SSH

SSH Client Software

OpenSSH(Linux and Mac OS X)
PuTTY(Windows)

Login as Root

# Option 1: OpenSSH(Linux and Mac OS X)
# Option 2: PuTTY

0x02 Create a New User

# 创建用户
adduser loginuser
# 设置密码
passwd loginuser

0x03 Root Privileges

# 普通用户要行使root权限用sudo,加入wheel组的用户就有sudo权限
gpasswd -a loginuser wheel

0x04 Add Public Key Authentication

Generate a Key Pair

# 在本地机器执行
# generate a new key pair
ssh-keygen
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"

# 生成的密钥对在如下目录
/Users/snddfhv/.ssh/
id_rsa是私钥
id_rsa.pub是公钥

Copy the Public Key

然后就是将生成的公钥添加到服务器上，有两种方法

# Option 1:Use ssh-copy-id
# 本地安装了ssh-copy-id脚本
ssh-copy-id [email protected]
# 执行该命令后，前面在本地机器生成的公钥会被拷贝到远程机器的loginuser的家目录下的.ssh/authorized_keys文件中

# Option 2:Manually Install the Key
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
# 复制本地机器的公钥
# 在远程机器中的loginuser目录下创建如下目录，并设置权限
su - loginuser
mkdir .ssh
chmod 700 .ssh
# 打开.ssh/authorized_keys，将本地机器的公钥复制进去，并设置权限
vi .ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
# 退出loginuser用户
exit

# 现在就可以在本地机器不用密码登录远程机器了
ssh [email protected]

登录ssh遇到的一个问题

错误信息如下：

# 其他机器连接CentOS7报如下错误
ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.100 port 22: Connection refused

packet_write_wait: Connection to 192.168.0.100 port 22: Broken pipe

按如下清单进行排查：

ip地址对不对
查看防火墙是否关闭
ping 一下能否ping通
查看sshd服务是否启动
进入/home/.ssh/know_hosts 查看是否有想要ssh的主机的IP的信息，有的话就删除
重新启动sshd服务
ssh Ip

# 设置SSH Server保持长时间连接
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 设置如下两个参数
TCPKeepAlive yes
ClientAliveCountMax 60
# 前一个参数表示要保持TCP连接
# 后一个参数表示客户端的SSH连线闲置多长时间后自动终止连线的时间，单位为分钟

# 重启生效
sudo systemctl restart sshd

# 还有一种设置思路
# 在客户端的~/.ssh/文件夹中添加config文件，并添加如下配置
ServerAliveInterval 60

# 在服务器的/etc/ssh/sshd_config中添加如下配置
ClientAliveInterval 60

# 只想让当前的ssh保持连接
ssh -o ServerAliveInterval=60 user@sshserver

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13228425/write-failed-broken-pipe
http://superuser.com/questions/364304/how-do-i-configure-ssh-on-os-x

0x06 Configure SSH Daemon

Confiure SSH - 禁止Root登录

修改配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config

#PermitRootLogin yes

改成如下(不允许Root登录)

PermitRootLogin no

Reload SSH

systemctl reload sshd

增强配置

Additional Recommended Steps for New CentOS 7 Servers

Configuring a Basic Firewall

开启防火墙

sudo systemctl start firewalld

管理SSH

# 让ssh通过防火墙
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ssh
# 如果ssh改了端口
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-service=ssh
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=12211/tcp

firewalld管理的服务

# 查看服务列表
sudo firewall-cmd --get-services

# 添加http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http

# 添加https
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https

# 添加smtp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=smtp

# 查看被firewalld允许的服务
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-all

# reload the firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

开机自启

sudo systemctl enable firewalld

Configure Timezones and Network Time Protocol Synchronizaton

Configure Timezones

# available timezones
sudo timedatectl list-timezones

# look current setting
timedatectl

# setting
# sudo timedatectl set-timezone region/timezone
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

Configure NTP Synchronization

# 安装NTP
sudo yum install ntp

# 开启并设置开机启动
sudo systemctl start ntpd
sudo systemctl enable ntpd

Create a Swap File

sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile
sudo sh -c 'echo "/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab'

Tomcat安装

How To Install Apache Tomcat 8 on CentOS 7

Install Java

删除系统自带的OpenJDK

# 安装OpenJDK
sudo yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel
# OpenJDK的JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/jre
# 查看安装的JDK
rpm -qa | grep java
# 卸载openjdk
rpm -e --nodeps java-xxx

安装HotSpot JDK

# 下载
wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u111-b14/jdk-8u111-linux-x64.rpm

# 安装
rpm -ivh xxx.rpm
# 安装后的路径
which java
/usr/bin/java
ls -l /usr/bin/java
/usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java
ls -l /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_111/jre/bin/java
# OracleJDK的JAVA_HOME
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_111/

Create Tomcat User

# create a new tomcat group
sudo groupadd tomcat

# create a new tomcat user
# 组是tomcat
# 家目录是/opt/tomcat(Tomcat的安装路径)
# shell是/bin/false(so nobody can log into the account)
sudo useradd -M -s /bin/nologin -g tomcat -d /opt/tomcat tomcat
# -M 不创建用户主目录
# -s 新账户的登录shell
# -g 新账户的主组的名称
# -d 新账户的主目录,这个目录需要用户自行创建

Install Tomcat

# 下载
wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.11/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.11.tar.gz

# 解压
sudo mkdir /opt/tomcat
sudo tar xvf xxx.tar.gz -C /opt/tomcat --strip-components=1

# 设置权限
cd /opt/tomcat
# 该目录归属为tomcat小组
sudo chgrp -R tomcat /opt/tomcat
# tomcat组对conf目录及其内容有读权限
sudo chmod -R g+r conf
# 对conf目录有执行权限
sudo chmod g+x conf
# 设置tomcat用户是webapps/, work/, temp/, logs/这几个目录的主人
sudo chown -R tomcat webapps/ work/ temp/ logs/

Install Systemd Unit File

将Tomcat注册为服务

create and open unit file

# 添加文件
sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service

设置成如下内容，具体参数根据实际情况修改

# Systemd unit file for tomcat
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom'

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新加载配置

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start tomcat
sudo systemctl status tomcat
# 设置成开机启动
sudo systemctl enable tomcat

问题：远程不能访问tomcat

# 找到对应的pid：tomcat_pid
ps -ef | grep java
# 查看对应端口是否都打开8080，8009
sudo netstat -tupln | grep $tomcat_pid

尝试关闭ipv6

通过网卡属性查看

命令：ifconfig
注释：有 “inet6 addr：。。。。。。。“ 的表示开启了ipv6功能
通过内核模块加载信息查看

命令：lsmod | grep ipv6
ipv6关闭方法
在/etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf结尾添加
alias net-pf-10 off
alias ipv6 off
编辑网卡配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-xxxx
把涉及到IPV6相关配置注释掉
编辑Network网络配置文件
添加NETWORKING_IPV6=no
重启网卡服务

sudo systemctl restart network

Configure Tomcat Web Management Interface

# tomcat管理员用户
sudo vi /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
# -------------start

    

# ---------------end

# 新版的Tomcat对本地访问Manager和Host Manager有限制
sudo vi /opt/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
sudo vi /opt/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
# ---------------start

  

# -----------------end

# 重启Tomcat
sudo systemctl restart tomcat

nginx安装

安装nginx

# Install EPEL,Add Nginx Repository
sudo yum install epel-release
# Insgall nginx, 默认配置文件路径/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
sudo yum install nginx
# Start nginx, 默认80端口
sudo systemctl start nginx
# 如果开了防火墙
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
# 访问
http://server_domain_name_or_IP/
# 设置开机启动
sudo systemctl enable nginx

通过nginx访问tomcat

# 添加文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcat.conf，内容如下
upstream tomcat{
        server localhost:8080 weight=9;
}

server{
        listen 80;
        server_name tomcat;
        location /{
                proxy_connect_timeout 300;
                proxy_send_timeout 300;
                proxy_read_timeout 300;
                proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }
}

HTTPS

How To Create a Self-Signed SSL Certificate for Nginx on CentOS 7
How To Secure Nginx with Let's Encrypt on CentOS 7

Create a Self-Signed SSL Certificate for Nginx

Create the SSL Certificate

# /etc/ssl/certs目录，在服务器上保存公钥
# /etc/ssl/private目录，在服务器上保存私钥
sudo mkdir /etc/ssl/certs
sudo mkdir /etc/ssl/private
sudo chmod 700 /etc/ssl/private
# create a self-signed key and certificate pair with OpenSSL 
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/nginx-selfsigned.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt

该命令会有交互

# create a strong Diffie-Hellman group
sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 2048
# 生成这么一个文件/etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem

Configure Nginx to Use SSL

sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf
# -------------------------start
server {
    listen 443 http2 ssl;
    listen [::]:443 http2 ssl;

    server_name server_IP_address;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/nginx-selfsigned.key;
    ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;
    
    ########################################################################
    # from https://cipherli.st/                                            #
    # and https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/Strong_SSL_Security_On_nginx.html #
    ########################################################################

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_ciphers "EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH";
    ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_tickets off;
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;
    # resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
    # resolver_timeout 5s;
    # Disable preloading HSTS for now.  You can use the commented out header line that includes
    # the "preload" directive if you understand the implications.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload";
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains";
    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

    ##################################
    # END https://cipherli.st/ BLOCK #
    ##################################
    
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;

    location / {
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    location = /404.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
    }
}
# -------------------------start

Create a Redirect from HTTP to HTTPS

sudo vi /etc/nginx/default.d/ssl-redirect.conf
# ---------------------------start
return 301 https://$host$request_uri/;
# ---------------------------end

# 修改tomcat.conf,即http的配置
# 添加一行include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
# -------------------------------start
upstream tomcat{
        server localhost:8081 weight=9;
}

server{
        listen 80;
        server_name tomcat;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location /{
                proxy_connect_timeout 300;
                proxy_send_timeout 300;
                proxy_read_timeout 300;
                proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;
        }
}
# -------------------------------end

Enable the Changes in Nginx

sudo nginx -t
# 会提示如下信息
# ----------------------start
nginx: [warn] "ssl_stapling" ignored, issuer certificate not found
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# ----------------------end

配置HTTPS(CentOS7+Tomcat+Nginx)记录

CentOS7配置

网络配置

yum配置

安装CentOS之后安全相关

0x01 Root Login

SSH Client Software

Login as Root

0x02 Create a New User

0x03 Root Privileges

0x04 Add Public Key Authentication

Generate a Key Pair

Copy the Public Key

登录ssh遇到的一个问题

0x06 Configure SSH Daemon

Confiure SSH - 禁止Root登录

Reload SSH

增强配置

Configuring a Basic Firewall

开启防火墙

管理SSH

firewalld管理的服务

开机自启

Configure Timezones and Network Time Protocol Synchronizaton

Configure Timezones

Configure NTP Synchronization

Create a Swap File

Tomcat安装

Install Java

删除系统自带的OpenJDK

安装HotSpot JDK

Create Tomcat User

Install Tomcat

Install Systemd Unit File

create and open unit file

设置成如下内容，具体参数根据实际情况修改

重新加载配置

问题：远程不能访问tomcat

Configure Tomcat Web Management Interface

nginx安装

安装nginx

通过nginx访问tomcat

HTTPS

Create a Self-Signed SSL Certificate for Nginx

Create the SSL Certificate

Configure Nginx to Use SSL

Create a Redirect from HTTP to HTTPS

Enable the Changes in Nginx

Test Encryption

Nginx with Let's Encrypt

Install the Certbot Let's Encrypt Client

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