Django Rest-framework快速实现增删改查及筛选

1. 创建django项目

需要安装2个依赖包:

pip install django-filter
pip install djangorestframework

创建项目：

django-admin startproject restful

继续创建任意app，如main

cd restful

python manage.py startapp main

项目setting.py文件下，加入自己的app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'django_filters',
    'main',
]

2. 创建models

以product为例，

class Product(models.Model):
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='')
    describe = models.CharField(max_length=500, default='')
    price = models.FloatField()
    isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    class Meta:
        ordering = ('created',)

3. 序列化

在app文件夹下新建serializers.py文件

from rest_framework import serializers
from main.models import Product

class ProductSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Product
        fields = '__all__'

4. 视图函数

在app文件夹下的view.py中：

from rest_framework import viewsets
from main.serializers import ProductSerializer
from main.models import Product
from django_filters import rest_framework as filters


class ProductFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    class Meta:
        model = Product
        fields = ['name', 'price', ]

class ProductViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Product.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ProductSerializer
    filter_backends = (filters.DjangoFilterBackend,)
    filter_class = ProductFilter
    

这里的ProductFilter类用来进行字段筛选，假设这里需要根据name,price来筛选product

ProductViewSet类继承viewsets.ModelViewSet，这样可以在模型基础批量创建模型的增删改查功能。

5. 路由配置

在main下的url.py文件下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from main import views

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'product', views.ProductViewSet)
 # api url 配置
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
]

这里直接在router里注册ProductViewSet，这样可以直接生成增删改查的url。

6. 测试

终端运行:

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8001

• 查看product list

http://127.0.0.1:8001/product/

• 创建product

postman: http://127.0.0.1:8001/product/
调用post方法,data={"name":"runrun", "price":12}这样就创建了一个product

• 查看product detail

http://127.0.0.1:8001/product/2/

• 更新product

postman: http://127.0.0.1:8001/product/2/
调用put方法,data={"name":"put", "price":1223}

• 删除product

postman: http://127.0.0.1:8001/product/2/
调用delete方法,删除id=2的product

• 查询product

http://127.0.0.1:8001/product/?name=test

http://127.0.0.1:8001/product/?price=12