- 为什么说NSObject 的 isa 指针指向class对象
源码getclass的实现如下
Class object_getClass(id obj)
{
if (obj) return obj->getIsa();
else return Nil;
}
OC 的 Class 对象 是 objc_class 结构体的指针
typedef struct objc_class *Class;
- 有人说Class 对象 isa 指针指向 meta class,meta class 的 isa 指针指向 superClass
objc_class 结构体定义如下,以及getMeta 的实现:
struct objc_class : objc_object {
// Class ISA;
Class superclass;
cache_t cache; // 类的方法缓存表
class_data_bits_t bits; // 记录类的属性,方法,protocol,以及一系列标识位
...
Class getMeta() {
if (isMetaClass()) return (Class)this;
else return this->ISA();
}
...
}
此说法并不完全准确,在objc-runtime 源码中 objc_object 通过isa指针访问类对象, objc_class 通过 superclass 指针 来访问父类的 class 对象,因为 objc_class 继承自 objc_object,理论上也是一个 object,所以,class 会有 isMetaClass 方法的判断,通过获取 bits 中的标识位,来返回是否是 metaClass 如果是,则是类对象,返回自己,否则视为object 对象,调用 objc_object 的 ISA() 方法 获取metaClass,meta class 是名称的指代,是个方法
- 关于方法实现的查找和转发过程, objc-runtime 中的实现细节
IMP lookUpImpOrForward(Class cls, SEL sel, id inst,
bool initialize, bool cache, bool resolver)
{
Class curClass;
IMP methodPC = nil;
Method meth;
//缓存查找
if (cache) {
methodPC = _cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (methodPC) return methodPC;
}
// freed class 查找
if (cls == _class_getFreedObjectClass())
return (IMP) _freedHandler;
//类的方法列表中查找
{
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(cls, sel);
if (meth) {
log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, cls);
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
}
// 父类的cache和方法列表查找
{
unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();
for (Class curClass = cls->superclass;
curClass != nil;
curClass = curClass->superclass)
{
// Halt if there is a cycle in the superclass chain.
if (--attempts == 0) {
_objc_fatal("Memory corruption in class list.");
}
// Superclass cache.
imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel);
if (imp) {
if (imp != (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache) {
log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
goto done;
}
else {
break;
}
}
// Superclass method list.
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
if (meth) {
log_and_fill_cache(cls, meth->imp, sel, inst, curClass);
imp = meth->imp;
goto done;
}
}
}
// 未找到方法的实现,没有找到的话,尝试做消息转发
if (resolver && !triedResolver) {
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
_class_resolveMethod(cls, sel, inst);
runtimeLock.read();
triedResolver = YES;
goto retry;
}
// 获取转发的 imp
imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
cache_fill(cls, sel, imp, inst);
done:
runtimeLock.unlockRead();
return imp;
}
- 用人总结 load 和 initialize 方法的区别时提到
load 是类加载到内存时候调用, 优先父类->子类->分类
initialize 是类第一次收到消息时候调用,优先分类->子类->父类
写代码验证 load 方法 在main 函数执行之前 无论是否使用到这个类,load 函数一定会被调用,无论是否有子类,子类是否也实现了 load 方法,load 方法都会被调用,并且 优先父类->子类->分类,
但是 initialize 是在 main 函数之后调用,同样,调用时机在 objc-runtim 中可以找到,当动态运行时,一旦要访问 一个创建一个类的对象object(初始化对object 需要使用 class 的一系列信息),或者访问 class 的属性,class 的方法,只要涉及到要访问 class 信息时,都会先检查 meta class 是否被初始化 如果没有,则会先调用 类的 initialize 方法,所以什么时候调用 initialize,由代码决定,如果用到了class 就会调用 initialize,没用到,则不会被调用,并不是 classA 继承 classB , classA 的 initialize 一定会比 classB 的 initialize 方法先调用,而是根据代码编写的时候,先触发了哪个类的访问来决定。写代码验证也确实可以有 父类的 initialize 比子类先调用的情况.当一个类有N个子类的时候,任何一个子类的创建,都有可能出发c触发父类的initialize被调用,但其他子类的 initialize 却没有被调用。
- Copy 调用的是copyWithZone
- (id)copy
{
return [self copyFromZone: [self zone]];
}
- isKindOfClass 和 isMemberOfClass 区别
isKindOfClass 会对比父类 class
- (BOOL)isKindOf:aClass
{//会对比父类
Class cls;
for (cls = isa; cls; cls = cls->superclass)
if (cls == (Class)aClass)
return YES;
return NO;
}
- (BOOL)isMemberOf:aClass
{
return isa == (Class)aClass;
}
- strong 类型property 实现
void
objc_storeStrong(id *location, id obj)
{
id prev = *location;
if (obj == prev) {
return;
}
objc_retain(obj);
*location = obj;
objc_release(prev);
}
- weak 类型property 实现
放在weakHashTable 里了, set的时候 不会 retain,get的时候会 retain
void _object_setIvar(id obj, Ivar ivar, id value, bool assumeStrong)
{
if (!obj || !ivar || obj->isTaggedPointer()) return;
ptrdiff_t offset;
objc_ivar_memory_management_t memoryManagement;
_class_lookUpIvar(obj->ISA(), ivar, offset, memoryManagement);
if (memoryManagement == objc_ivar_memoryUnknown) {
if (assumeStrong) memoryManagement = objc_ivar_memoryStrong;
else memoryManagement = objc_ivar_memoryUnretained;
}
id *location = (id *)((char *)obj + offset);
switch (memoryManagement) {
case objc_ivar_memoryWeak: objc_storeWeak(location, value); break;
case objc_ivar_memoryStrong: objc_storeStrong(location, value); break;
case objc_ivar_memoryUnretained: *location = value; break;
case objc_ivar_memoryUnknown: _objc_fatal(“impossible”);
}
}
默认 assumeStrong 为no, 不是strong的话,走的是 unsafe_unretain
- property 的Atomic 实现加 os_unfair_lock ,atomic 能保证,多线程读写属性是安全的 , 除了读写加锁之外,在 getproperty的实现中 调用了 objc_retain ,保证 返回的对象,不会被立即释放,这也是,atomic 属性 保证读写操作安全的关键
static inline void reallySetProperty(id self, SEL _cmd, id newValue, ptrdiff_t offset, bool atomic, bool copy, bool mutableCopy)
{
if (offset == 0) {
object_setClass(self, newValue);
return;
}
id oldValue;
id *slot = (id*) ((char*)self + offset);
if (copy) {
newValue = [newValue copyWithZone:nil];
} else if (mutableCopy) {
newValue = [newValue mutableCopyWithZone:nil];
} else {
if (*slot == newValue) return;
newValue = objc_retain(newValue);
}
if (!atomic) {
oldValue = *slot;
*slot = newValue;
} else {
spinlock_t& slotlock = PropertyLocks[slot];
slotlock.lock();
oldValue = *slot;
*slot = newValue;
slotlock.unlock();
}
objc_release(oldValue);
}
id objc_getProperty(id self, SEL _cmd, ptrdiff_t offset, BOOL atomic) {
if (offset == 0) {
return object_getClass(self);
}
// Retain release world
id *slot = (id*) ((char*)self + offset);
if (!atomic) return *slot;
// Atomic retain release world
spinlock_t& slotlock = PropertyLocks[slot];
slotlock.lock();
id value = objc_retain(*slot);
slotlock.unlock();
// for performance, we (safely) issue the autorelease OUTSIDE of the spinlock.
return objc_autoreleaseReturnValue(value);
}
- AssociationsManager 管理动态运行时 绑定 是个全局变量
void _object_set_associative_reference(id object, void *key, id value, uintptr_t policy) {
// retain the new value (if any) outside the lock.
ObjcAssociation old_association(0, nil);
id new_value = value ? acquireValue(value, policy) : nil;
{
AssociationsManager manager;
AssociationsHashMap &associations(manager.associations());
disguised_ptr_t disguised_object = DISGUISE(object);
if (new_value) {
// break any existing association.
AssociationsHashMap::iterator I = associations.find(disguised_object);
if (I != associations.end()) {
// secondary table exists
ObjectAssociationMap *refs = I->second;
ObjectAssociationMap::iterator j = refs->find(key);
if (j != refs->end()) {
old_association = j->second;
j->second = ObjcAssociation(policy, new_value);
} else {
(*refs)[key] = ObjcAssociation(policy, new_value);
}
} else {
// create the new association (first time).
ObjectAssociationMap *refs = new ObjectAssociationMap;
associations[disguised_object] = refs;
(*refs)[key] = ObjcAssociation(policy, new_value);
object->setHasAssociatedObjects();
}
} else {
// setting the association to nil breaks the association.
AssociationsHashMap::iterator I = associations.find(disguised_object);
if (I != associations.end()) {
ObjectAssociationMap *refs = I->second;
ObjectAssociationMap::iterator j = refs->find(key);
if (j != refs->end()) {
old_association = j->second;
refs->erase(j);
}
}
}
}
// release the old value (outside of the lock).
if (old_association.hasValue()) ReleaseValue()(old_association);
}