2019-04-25playbook学习

1,什么是playbook?

把所有操作按照ansible编程语法,放在文件里执行就是playbook

ansible编程语法说明:

ansible剧本遵循PYyaml语法规则进行编写,yaml文件基本编写规则如下说明:

规则一:缩进

yaml使用一个固定的缩进风格表示数据层结构关系,需要每个缩进级别由两个空格组成,切记一定不能使用tab键进行缩进

规则二:冒号

每个冒号后面一定要有一个空格,(以冒号结尾不需要空格,表示文件路径的模板可以不需要空格)

规则三:短横线

想要表示列表项,使用一个短横杠加一个空格,多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一个列表的一部分

1.YAML介绍

YAML是一个可读性高的用来表达资料序列的格式。YAML参考了其他多种语言,包括:XML、C语言、Python、Perl以及电子邮件格式RFC2822等。Clark Evans在2001年在首次发表了这种语言,另外Ingy dt Net与Oren Ben-Kiki也是这语言的共同设计者。

YAML Ain't Markup Language,即YAML不是XML。不过,在开发的这种语言时,YAML的意思其实是:"Yet Another Markup Language"(仍是一种标记语言)。其特性:

YAML的可读性好

YAML和脚本语言的交互性好

YAML使用实现语言的数据类型

YAML有一个一致的信息模型

YAML易于实现

YAML可以基于流来处理

YAML表达能力强,扩展性好

更多的内容及规范参见http://www.yaml.org


2,playbook替代方案

playbook替代方案一,不同样

判断,循环,可以脚本实现


3,playbook替代方案二,通用


4,实践一

ansible oldboy -m shell -a "echo oldboy linux. >/tmp/oldboy.log"

将这行命令写成剧本:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# cat wzj.yml

- hosts: oldboy

  tasks:

    - name: create a log file

      shell: echo oldboy linux. >/tmp/oldboy.log

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>内容如此

执行:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible-playbook -C /etc/ansible/yaml/wzj.yml

172.16.1.31            : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

172.16.1.41            : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

说明,利用ansile-playbook命令执行脚本,-C参数表示测试剧本任务执行,类似于话剧的彩排一样

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>成功

实践二:ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy1 state=touch"

编写成剧本:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# cat lqz.yml

- hosts: oldboy

  remote_user: root

  tasks:

    - name: create new file

      file: name=/tmp/oldboy1 state=touch

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>编写完成

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible-playbook lqz.yml

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>执行后查看

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible oldboy -m shell -a "ls /tmp" 

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

oldboy1

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

oldboy1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>创建目录成功

3,实践三

定时任务:

ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'"

编写剧本:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# cat sgwe.yml

- hosts: oldboy

  tasks:

    - name: cron time rsync

      cron: name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 weekday=1-5 job='/usr/sbin/ /server/scripts/class.sh  >/dev/null 2>&1'

-------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>编写完成

执行后查看:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible-playbook sgwe.yml

172.16.1.31            : ok=2    changed=1   unreachable=0    failed=0

172.16.1.41           : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

查看:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible oldboy -m shell -a "crontab -l"

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

#Ansible: sync time

00 00 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/ /server/scripts/class.sh  >/dev/null 2>&1

#Ansible: sync time

00 00 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/ /server/scripts/class.sh  >/dev/null 2>&1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>添加定时任务成功

实践四:

ansible oldboy -m copy -a "src=/etc/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf backup=yes"

ansible oldboy -m copy -a "content='rsync_backup:oldboy' dest=/etc/rsync.password backup=yes mode=0600"

编写剧本:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# cat cwj.yml

- hosts: oldboy

  tasks:

    - name: copy rsyncd.conf

      copy: src=/etc/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf mode=0600 backup=yes

    - name: create rsyncd.password

      copy: content='rsync_backup:oldboy' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=0600

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------>>>编写完成

执行后查看:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible-playbook cwj.yml

172.16.1.31          : ok=3     changed=2    unreachable=0     failed=0 

172.16.1.41          : ok=3    changed=2     unreachable=0     failed=0

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible oldboy -m shell -a "ls -l /etc/rsyncd.conf"

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

-rw------- 1 root rsync 516 Apr 17 15:19 /etc/rsyncd.conf

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

-rw------- 1 root root 516 Apr 25 12:01 /etc/rsyncd.conf

------------------------------------------------------------------------------>>>/etc/rsyncd.conf成功

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible oldboy -m shell -a "ls -l /etc/rsync.password"

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

-rw------- 1 root dengli 19 Apr 25 16:59 /etc/rsync.password

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

-rw------- 1 root dengli 19 Apr 25 16:59 /etc/rsync.password

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------>>>/etc/password成功


实践五

创建用户和备份目录

useradd rsync

id rsync

mkdir -p /backup

chown -R rsync.rsync /backup/

ls -ld /backup/

---------------------------------------------------------------------->>>要求

2、ansible命令

ansible oldboy -m systemd -a "name=crond.service enabled=no state=stopped "

ansible oldboy -m command -a "systemctl status crond"

ansible oldboy -m systemd -a "name=crond.service enabled=yes state=started"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>检查

3,编写剧本

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# cat lss.yml

- hosts: oldboy

  tasks:

    - name: copy rsyncd.conf

      copy: src=/etc/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf mode=0600 backup=yes

    - name: create rsyncd.password

      copy: content='rsync_backup:oldboy' dest=/etc/rsyncd.password mode=0600

    - name: create user

      command: useradd rsync -s /sbin/nologin -M

    - name: create dir

      command: mkdir -p /backup/

    - name: shouquan

      command: chown -R rsync.rsync /backup/

    - name: startup rsyncd

      systemd: name='rsyncd.service' state=restarted enabled=yes

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>编写完成

执行后检查:

[root@BOSS /etc/ansible/yaml]# ansible-playbook lss.yml

172.16.1.31           : ok=7      changed=4   unreachable=0    failed=0

172.16.1.41           : ok=7     changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0  

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>执行成功

测试:

NFS 上测试:

[root@NFS ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup/

sending incremental file list

sent 51 bytes  received 23 bytes  148.00 bytes/sec

total size is 332  speedup is 4.49

--------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>推送成功

BACKUP 上查看:

[root@BACKUP ~]# ll /backup/

-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 332 4月 12 15:08 hosts

--------------------------------------------------------------------------->>>完成

你可能感兴趣的:(2019-04-25playbook学习)