Nginx加多个tomcat实现负载均衡，动静分离

一：Nginx+Tomcat的动静分离

所谓动静分离就是通过nginx（或apache等）来处理用户端请求的图片、html等静态的文件，tomcat（或weblogic）处理jsp、do等动态文件，从而达到动静页面访问时通过不同的容器来处理。

nginx处理静态页面效率远高于tomcat，而tomcat擅长动态页面处理，这样一来就能更好的提高并发，处理性能。

页面压力测试

ab -n 1000 -c 200 http://10.10.54.157/index.html

二：具体步骤

//环境介绍

1.主机
centos6.4 IP:10.10.54.157

2.在此主机上安装nginx，及两个tomcat，nginx的反向代理功能可以把用户请求负载到tomcat上
nginx使用80端口，两个tomcat分别使用8080，9080端口
目的：当访问10.10.54.157这台服务器时，静态页面由nginx处理，动态页面由tomcat处理

3.软件下载
wget http: //nginx .org /download/nginx-1 .4.5. tar .gz
wget http: //download .oracle.com /otn-pub/java/jdk/7u51-b13/jdk-7u51-linux-x64 .rpm     #jdk提供tomcat运行环境
wget http: //apache .dataguru.cn /tomcat/tomcat-7/v7 .0.52 /bin/apache-tomcat-7 .0.52. tar .gz

 

//安装nginx，并配置nginx支持php

#nginx使用fpm的方式调用php
#php5.4以后版本中已经支持php-fpm,所以只需要在php编译参数里指定--enable-fpm即可
1.编译安装
shell> yum  -y  install  zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel     #nginx依赖包
shell>  tar  xvf nginx-1.4.5. tar .gz
shell>  cd  nginx-1.4.5
shell> . /configure  --prefix= /usr/local/nginx  --with-pcre --with-http_stub_status_module --user=apache --group=apache --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
shell>  make  &&  make  install
2.启动nginx
shell>  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  -c  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx .conf
##添加nginx支持php
3.首先为php创建配置文件
shell>  cp  php.ini-production  /usr/local/php/php .ini
shell>  mv  /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm .conf.default  /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm .conf
shell>  ln  -s  /usr/local/php/bin/php  /usr/bin/

4.配置php-fpm.conf
shell>  vi  /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm .conf
--------------------------------
listen =  /var/run/php-fpm .sock    # 使用unix socket
--------------------------------
5.启动php-fpm
shell>  /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

 

//安装JDK

shell> rpm -ivh jdk-7u51-linux-x64.rpm
shell>  vi  /etc/profile
-----------------------
export  JAVA_HOME= "/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_51"
export  CLASSPATH= "$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib"
export  PATH= "$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$HOME/bin"
CATALINA_HOME= "/usr/local/tomcat"
-----------------------
shell>  source  /etc/profile
shell> java -version   #显示版本说明成功
java version "1.7.0_45"

 

//安装多个tomcat

1.解压
shell>  tar  xvf apache-tomcat-7.0.52. tar .gz
shell>  cp  apache-tomcat-7.0.52  /usr/local/tomcat1
shell>  cp  apache-tomcat-7.0.52  /usr/local/tomcat2
shell>  chown  apache.apache  /usr/local/tomcat1
shell>  chown  apache.apache  /usr/local/tomcat2

【tomcat1 and tomcat2】
2.制作tomcat启动脚本
shell>  cp  catalina.sh  /etc/init .d /tomcat1
shell>  chmod  +x  /etc/init .d /tomcat1
shell> vim  /etc/init .d /tomcat1
shell> chkconfig --add tomcat1

【tomcat1 and tomcat2】
3.tomcat配置用户管理(可以不设置)
shell> cd  /usr/local/tomcat1/conf
shell> vim tomcat- users .xml
-----------------------------------------
  <role rolename= "manager-gui" />
  <role rolename= "admin-gui" />
  <user username= "tomcat"  password= "tomcat"  roles= "admin-gui,manager-gui" />
#用户名和密码都为tomcat
-----------------------------------------

【tomcat1 and tomcat2】
4.重启tomcat
shell>  /etc/init .d /tomcat  stop
shell>  /etc/init .d /tomcat  start

 

//配置nginx.conf实现负载均衡，动静分离

shell> vim  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx .conf
--------------------------------------------------------
user  apache apache;     #用户，tomcat默认首页也要改为apache用户
worker_processes  2;
#error_log  logs/error_nginx.log;
pid        logs /nginx .pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http
{
          include       mime.types;
          default_type  application /octet-stream ;
          server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
          client_header_buffer_size 32k;
          large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
          client_max_body_size 8m;
          sendfile on;
          keepalive_timeout 60;
          gzip  on;

#负载均衡
upstream www_zijian_com {
          server localhost:8080 max_fails=3 weight=1 fail_timeout=60s;
          server localhost:9080 max_fails=3 weight=1 fail_timeout=60s;
        }

server
  {
         listen       80;
         server_name  www.zijian.com;
         index index.jsp index.php index. do  index.jsp;
         access_log  logs /www .zijian.com_access_nginx.log;
         error_log logs /www .zijian.com_error.log;
         root   /var/www/nginx ;     #nginx默认根目录
    location ~ \.(php|php5)$ {         #支持php
            fastcgi_pass  unix: /var/run/php-fpm .sock;     #php-fpm.sock模块
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
            include fastcgi.conf;
            }
    location ~ \.(jsp| do )$ {         #jsp,do等页面交由tomcat处理
            proxy_pass http: //www_zijian_com ;
            proxy_set_header HOST $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
            expires      30d;
            }
}
}

 

//测试

1.浏览器访问10.10.54.157 默认显示nginx根目录下的index.php页面

2.浏览器访问10.10.54.157/index.jsp 浏览器跳转到tomcat默认首页，在首页点击Server Status页面，并刷新浏览器，可以看到页面在两个tomcat之间切换