[推荐]ORACLE SQL:
经典查询练手第一篇(不懂装懂,永世饭桶!)
——通过知识共享树立个人品牌。
本文与大家共同讨论与分享ORACLE SQL的一些常用经典查询,欢迎大家补充,同时你认为有那些经典的也可分享出来。在本文中,对每一个问题,你要是认为有什么更好的解决方法也欢迎你及时提出。交流与分享才能共同进步嘛,感谢!
本文使用的实例表结构与表的数据如下:
scott.emp员工表结构如下:
Name Type Nullable
Default
Comments
--
------ ------------ -------- ------- --------
EMPNO
NUMBER
(
4
) 员工号
ENAME
VARCHAR2
(
10
) Y 员工姓名
JOB
VARCHAR2
(
9
) Y 工作
MGR
NUMBER
(
4
) Y 上级编号
HIREDATE DATE Y 雇佣日期
SAL
NUMBER
(
7
,
2
) Y 薪金
COMM
NUMBER
(
7
,
2
) Y 佣金
DEPTNO
NUMBER
(
2
) Y 部门编号
scott.dept部门表
Name Type Nullable
Default
Comments
--
---- ------------ -------- ------- --------
DEPTNO
NUMBER
(
2
) 部门编号
DNAME
VARCHAR2
(
14
) Y 部门名称
LOC
VARCHAR2
(
13
) Y 地点
提示:工资=薪金+佣金
scott.emp表的现有数据如下:
SQL
>
select
*
from
emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
--
--- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7369
SMITH CLERK
7902
1980
-
12
-
17
800.00
20
7499
ALLEN SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
2
-
20
1600.00
300.00
30
7521
WARD SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
2
-
22
1250.00
500.00
30
7566
JONES MANAGER
7839
1981
-
4
-
2
2975.00
20
7654
MARTIN SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
9
-
28
1250.00
1400.00
30
7698
BLAKE MANAGER
7839
1981
-
5
-
1
2850.00
30
7782
CLARK MANAGER
7839
1981
-
6
-
9
2450.00
10
7788
SCOTT ANALYST
7566
1987
-
4
-
19
4000.00
20
7839
KING PRESIDENT
1981
-
11
-
17
5000.00
10
7844
TURNER SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
9
-
8
1500.00
0.00
30
7876
ADAMS CLERK
7788
1987
-
5
-
23
1100.00
20
7900
JAMES CLERK
7698
1981
-
12
-
3
950.00
30
7902
FORD ANALYST
7566
1981
-
12
-
3
3000.00
20
7934
MILLER CLERK
7782
1982
-
1
-
23
1300.00
10
102
EricHu Developer
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
14.00
10
104
huyong PM
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
14.00
10
105
WANGJING Developer
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
14.00
10
17
rows selected
Scott.dept表的现有数据如下:
SQL
>
select
*
from
dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
--
---- -------------- -------------
10
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20
RESEARCH DALLAS
30
SALES CHICAGO
40
OPERATIONS BOSTON
50
50abc 50def
60
Developer HaiKou
6
rows selected
用SQL完成以下问题列表:
1
.列出至少有一个员工的所有部门。
2
.列出薪金比“SMITH”多的所有员工。
3
.列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上级的姓名。
4
.列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工。
5
.列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门
6
.列出所有“CLERK”(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称。
7
.列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作。
8
.列出在部门“SALES”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名,假定不知道销售部的部门编号。
9
.列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工。
10
.列出与“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工。
11
.列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。
12
.列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。
13
.列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限。
14
.列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资。
15
.列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数。
16
.列出各种工作的最低工资。
17
.列出各个部门的MANAGER(经理)的最低薪金。
18
.列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序。
各答案如下,欢迎大家给出不出的解答方式。
--
------1.列出至少有一个员工的所有部门。---------
SQL
>
select
dname
from
dept
where
deptno
in
(
select
deptno
from
emp);
DNAME
--
------------
RESEARCH
SALES
ACCOUNTING
--
------或--------
SQL
>
select
dname
from
dept
where
deptno
in
(
select
deptno
from
emp
group
by
deptno
having
count
(deptno)
>=
1
);
DNAME
--
------------
ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
--
------2.列出薪金比“SMITH”多的所有员工。----------
SQL
>
select
*
from
emp
where
sal
>
(
select
sal
from
emp
where
ename
=
'
SMITH
'
);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
--
--- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7499
ALLEN SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
2
-
20
1600.00
300.00
30
7521
WARD SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
2
-
22
1250.00
500.00
30
7566
JONES MANAGER
7839
1981
-
4
-
2
2975.00
20
7654
MARTIN SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
9
-
28
1250.00
1400.00
30
7698
BLAKE MANAGER
7839
1981
-
5
-
1
2850.00
30
7782
CLARK MANAGER
7839
1981
-
6
-
9
2450.00
10
7788
SCOTT ANALYST
7566
1987
-
4
-
19
4000.00
20
7839
KING PRESIDENT
1981
-
11
-
17
5000.00
10
7844
TURNER SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
9
-
8
1500.00
0.00
30
7876
ADAMS CLERK
7788
1987
-
5
-
23
1100.00
20
7900
JAMES CLERK
7698
1981
-
12
-
3
950.00
30
7902
FORD ANALYST
7566
1981
-
12
-
3
3000.00
20
7934
MILLER CLERK
7782
1982
-
1
-
23
1300.00
10
102
EricHu Developer
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
14.00
10
104
huyong PM
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
14.00
10
105
WANGJING Developer
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
14.00
10
16
rows selected
--
------3.列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上级的姓名。----------
SQL
>
select
a.ename,(
select
ename
from
emp b
where
b.empno
=
a.mgr)
as
boss_name
from
emp a;
ENAME BOSS_NAME
--
-------- ----------
SMITH FORD
ALLEN BLAKE
WARD BLAKE
JONES KING
MARTIN BLAKE
BLAKE KING
CLARK KING
SCOTT JONES
KING
TURNER BLAKE
ADAMS SCOTT
JAMES BLAKE
FORD JONES
MILLER CLARK
EricHu
huyong
WANGJING
17
rows selected
--
------4.列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工。----------
SQL
>
select
a.ename
from
emp a
where
a.hiredate
<
(
select
hiredate
from
emp b
where
b.empno
=
a.mgr);
ENAME
--
--------
SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
JONES
BLAKE
CLARK
6
rows selected
--
------5.列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门----------
SQL
>
select
a.dname,b.empno,b.ename,b.job,b.mgr,b.hiredate,b.sal,b.deptno
2
from
dept a
left
join
emp b
on
a.deptno
=
b.deptno;
DNAME EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO
--
------------ ----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- ------
RESEARCH
7369
SMITH CLERK
7902
1980
-
12
-
17
800.00
20
SALES
7499
ALLEN SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
2
-
20
1600.00
30
SALES
7521
WARD SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
2
-
22
1250.00
30
RESEARCH
7566
JONES MANAGER
7839
1981
-
4
-
2
2975.00
20
SALES
7654
MARTIN SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
9
-
28
1250.00
30
SALES
7698
BLAKE MANAGER
7839
1981
-
5
-
1
2850.00
30
ACCOUNTING
7782
CLARK MANAGER
7839
1981
-
6
-
9
2450.00
10
RESEARCH
7788
SCOTT ANALYST
7566
1987
-
4
-
19
4000.00
20
ACCOUNTING
7839
KING PRESIDENT
1981
-
11
-
17
5000.00
10
SALES
7844
TURNER SALESMAN
7698
1981
-
9
-
8
1500.00
30
RESEARCH
7876
ADAMS CLERK
7788
1987
-
5
-
23
1100.00
20
SALES
7900
JAMES CLERK
7698
1981
-
12
-
3
950.00
30
RESEARCH
7902
FORD ANALYST
7566
1981
-
12
-
3
3000.00
20
ACCOUNTING
7934
MILLER CLERK
7782
1982
-
1
-
23
1300.00
10
ACCOUNTING
102
EricHu Developer
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
10
ACCOUNTING
104
huyong PM
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
10
ACCOUNTING
105
WANGJING Developer
1455
2011
-
5
-
26
1
5500.00
10
50abc
OPERATIONS
Developer
20
rows selected
--
------6.列出所有“CLERK”(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称。----------
SQL
>
select
a.ename,b.dname
from
emp a
join
dept b
on
a.deptno
=
b.deptno
and
a.job
=
'
CLERK
'
;
ENAME DNAME
--
-------- --------------
SMITH RESEARCH
ADAMS RESEARCH
JAMES SALES
MILLER ACCOUNTING
--
------7.列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作。----------
SQL
>
select
distinct
job
as
HighSalJob
from
emp
group
by
job
having
min
(sal)
>
1500
;
HIGHSALJOB
--
--------
ANALYST
Developer
MANAGER
PM
PRESIDENT
--
------8.列出在部门“SALES”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名,假定不知道销售部的部门编号。----------
SQL
>
select
ename
from
emp
where
deptno
=
(
select
deptno
from
dept
where
dname
=
'
SALES
'
);
ENAME
--
--------
ALLEN
WARD
MARTIN
BLAKE
TURNER
JAMES
6
rows selected
--
------9.列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工。----------
SQL
>
select
ename
from
emp
where
sal
>
(
select
avg
(sal)
from
emp);
ENAME
--
--------
JONES
BLAKE
SCOTT
KING
FORD
EricHu
huyong
WANGJING
8
rows selected
--
------10.列出与“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工。--------
SQL
>
select
ename
from
emp
where
job
=
(
select
job
from
emp
where
ename
=
'
SCOTT
'
);
ENAME
--
--------
SCOTT
FORD
--
------11.列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。---------
SQL
>
select
a.ename,a.sal
from
emp a
where
a.sal
in
(
select
b.sal
2
from
emp b
where
b.deptno
=
30
)
and
a.deptno
<>
30
;
ENAME SAL
--
-------- ---------
--
------12.列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。---------
SQL
>
select
ename,sal
from
emp
where
sal
>
(
select
max
(sal)
from
emp
where
deptno
=
30
);
ENAME SAL
--
-------- ---------
JONES
2975.00
SCOTT
4000.00
KING
5000.00
FORD
3000.00
EricHu
5500.00
huyong
5500.00
WANGJING
5500.00
7
rows selected
--
------13.列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限。---------
SQL
>
select
(
select
b.dname
from
dept b
where
a.deptno
=
b.deptno)
as
deptname ,
count
(deptno)
as
deptcount,
avg
(sal)
as
deptavgsal
2
from
emp a
group
by
deptno;
DEPTNAME DEPTCOUNT DEPTAVGSAL
--
------------ ---------- ----------
ACCOUNTING
6
4208.33333
RESEARCH
5
2375
SALES
6
1566.66666
--
------14.列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资。---------
SQL
>
select
a.ename,(
select
b.dname
from
dept b
where
b.deptno
=
a.deptno)
as
deptname,sal
from
emp a;
ENAME DEPTNAME SAL
--
-------- -------------- ---------
SMITH RESEARCH
800.00
ALLEN SALES
1600.00
WARD SALES
1250.00
JONES RESEARCH
2975.00
MARTIN SALES
1250.00
BLAKE SALES
2850.00
CLARK ACCOUNTING
2450.00
SCOTT RESEARCH
4000.00
KING ACCOUNTING
5000.00
TURNER SALES
1500.00
ADAMS RESEARCH
1100.00
JAMES SALES
950.00
FORD RESEARCH
3000.00
MILLER ACCOUNTING
1300.00
EricHu ACCOUNTING
5500.00
huyong ACCOUNTING
5500.00
WANGJING ACCOUNTING
5500.00
17
rows selected
--
------15.列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数。---------
SQL
>
select
a.deptno,a.dname,a.loc,(
select
count
(deptno)
from
emp b
where
b.deptno
=
a.deptno
group
by
b.deptno)
as
deptcount
from
dept a;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC DEPTCOUNT
--
---- -------------- ------------- ----------
10
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
6
20
RESEARCH DALLAS
5
30
SALES CHICAGO
6
40
OPERATIONS BOSTON
50
50abc 50def
60
Developer HaiKou
6
rows selected
--
------16.列出各种工作的最低工资。---------
SQL
>
select
job,
avg
(sal)
from
emp
group
by
job;
JOB
AVG
(SAL)
--
------- ----------
ANALYST
3500
CLERK
1037.5
Developer
5500
MANAGER
2758.33333
PM
5500
PRESIDENT
5000
SALESMAN
1400
7
rows selected
--
------17.列出各个部门的MANAGER(经理)的最低薪金。--------
SQL
>
select
deptno,
min
(sal)
from
emp
where
job
=
'
MANAGER
'
group
by
deptno;
DEPTNO
MIN
(SAL)
--
---- ----------
10
2450
20
2975
30
2850
--
------18.列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序。---------
SQL
>
select
ename,(sal
+
nvl(comm,
0
))
*
12
as
salpersal
from
emp
order
by
salpersal;
ENAME SALPERSAL
--
-------- ----------
SMITH
9600
JAMES
11400
ADAMS
13200
MILLER
15600
TURNER
18000
WARD
21000
ALLEN
22800
CLARK
29400
MARTIN
31800
BLAKE
34200
JONES
35700
FORD
36000
SCOTT
48000
KING
60000
EricHu
66168
huyong
66168
WANGJING
66168
17
rows selected