OpenSSL简介
OpenSSL是一种加密工具套件，可实现安全套接字层（SSL v2 / v3）和传输层安全性（TLS v1）网络协议以及它们所需的相关加密标准。
openssl命令行工具用于从shell程序使用OpenSSL加密库的各种加密功能。 它可以用于：
- 创建和管理私钥，公钥和参数
- 公钥加密操作
- 创建X.509证书，CSR和CRL
- 消息摘要的计算
- 使用密码进行加密和解密
- SSL / TLS客户端和服务器测试
- 处理S / MIME签名或加密的邮件
- 时间戳记请求，生成和验证
openssl配置文件及三种策略
配置文件
/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
三种策略
match（匹配）：要求申请填写的信息跟CA设置信息必须一致
optional（可选）：可有可无，跟CA设置信息可不一致
supplied（提供）：必须填写这项申请信息创建私有CA和申请、颁发证书文件（以下操作都是在一台机器上执行）
1.创建所需要的文件
[root@CentOS7 ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/
[root@CentOS7 CA]# touch index.txt 生成证书索引数据库文件
[root@CentOS7 CA]# echo 01 > serial 指定第一个颁发证书的序列号2.CA自签证书
2.1生成私钥
[root@CentOS7 CA]# (umask 066;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...................................................................................+++
.+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)2.2生成自签名证书
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -days 3650 -out cacert.pem
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:abc
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:hechunping
Email Address []:[email protected]
选项说明：
-new：生成新证书签署请求
-x509：专用于CA生成自签证书
-key：生成请求时用到的私钥文件
-days n：证书的有效期限
-out /PATH/TO/SOMECERTFILE: 证书的保存路径3.颁发证书
3.1在需要使用证书的主机生成证书请求（本实验是在本机）
3.1.1生成私钥
[root@CentOS7 CA]# (umask 066;openssl genrsa -out /data/test.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..................................................+++
...............................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)3.1.2生成证书申请文件
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl req -new -key /data/test.key -out /data/test.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:abc
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:hechunping
Email Address []:[email protected]
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:3.2将证书申请文件传输给CA（两台不同的主机可以使用scp命令传输）
3.3CA签署证书，并将证书颁发给请求者
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl ca -in /data/test.csr -out certs/test.crt -days 100
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Nov 10 13:45:34 2019 GMT
Not After : Feb 18 13:45:34 2020 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = beijing
organizationName = abc
organizationalUnitName = IT
commonName = hechunping
emailAddress = [email protected]
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
4C:AE:F0:13:F0:CD:8F:B5:F7:3F:1B:C8:E4:77:91:02:9E:88:6B:5A
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:E3:C1:5E:6D:94:5E:F2:AE:16:67:79:2C:69:B5:B9:10:D9:E0:51:BE
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 18 13:45:34 2020 GMT (100 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
注意：默认要求 countryName（国家），stateOrProvinceName（省），organizationName（公司）三项必须和CA一致3.4查看证书中的信息
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl x509 -in certs/test.crt -noout -text|issuer|subject|serial|dates3.5查看指定编号的证书状态
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl ca -status 01
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
01=Valid (V)4.吊销证书
4.1在客户端获取要吊销的证书的serial
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl x509 -in certs/test.crt -noout -serial -subject
serial=01
subject= /C=CN/ST=beijing/O=abc/OU=IT/CN=hechunping/[email protected]4.2在CA上，根据客户提交的serial与subject信息，对比检验是否与index.txt文件中的信息一致
[root@CentOS7 CA]# cat index.txt
V 200218134534Z 01 unknown /C=CN/ST=beijing/O=abc/OU=IT/CN=hechunping/[email protected]4.2.1吊销证书
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl ca -revoke newcerts/01.pem
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Revoking Certificate 01.
Data Base Updated4.2指定第一个吊销证书的编号，注意：第一次更新证书吊销列表前才需要执行。
[root@CentOS7 CA]# echo 01 > crlnumber4.3更新证书吊销列表
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl ca -gencrl -out crl.pem
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf4.4查看crl文件
[root@CentOS7 CA]# openssl crl -in crl.pem -noout -text将申请下来的证书导出到windows中查看
1.在windows上按"win+R"键，然后运行"certmgr.msc"命令。
2.找到“受信任的根证书颁发机构”右键单击“所有任务”--->“导入”，然后按照向导选择在Linux申请下来的证书。
3.查看证书信息 