涓嶄竴鏍风殑瑙掑害涓�绐ュ绾跨▼
鏈�杩戝湪鎬ц兘璋冭瘯鏃�,鍙戠幇浜嗕竴涓湁瓒ｇ殑鐜拌薄,鎴戞妸浠ｇ爜绠�鍖栧悗濡備笅.
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Start...");
DoSomething();
Console.WriteLine("Ending...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void DoSomething()
{
var sum="";
for (int i = 2; i < int.MaxValue; i++)
{
sum += "s";
}
Console.WriteLine(sum.Length);
}
}鍙互鐪嬪埌,闈炲父绠�鍗曠殑涓�娈典唬鐮�,褰撴垜鐢╓indows鐨勬�ц兘鐩戞祴宸ュ叿鏉ョ洃娴嬫瘡涓鐞嗗櫒鐨勪娇鐢ㄧ巼鏃�,鍙戠幇浜嗕竴涓湁瓒ｇ殑鐜拌薄.
鎴戠數鑴戞槸鍥涙牳鐨処7澶勭悊鍣�,鎵ц浠ヤ笂浠ｇ爜鍚�,鍗村彧鏈夊鐞嗗櫒2涓�鐩村鐞嗕竴涓瘮杈冮珮鐨勫崰鐢ㄧ巼,鑰屽叾浠栫殑涓変釜鍒欏浜庝竴涓�"鎽搁奔娣锋棩瀛�"鐨勭姸鎬�,澶勭悊鍣�1鍒欐洿杩囧垎,浣犳槸鐫＄潃浜嗗悧?
鍚屼竴鍙扮數鑴戜笂鐨勫鐞嗗櫒,闅鹃亾澶у涓嶆槸鏈夌鍚屼韩,鏈夐毦鍚屽綋鐨勫悧? 涓轰粈涔堝叾浠栧嚑涓鐞嗗櫒灏卞繊蹇冪湅鐫�澶勭悊鍣�2姘存繁鐏儹鍛�?
鐒跺悗,鎴戝氨鍜岃繖涓棶棰樻纾曚笂浜�,鎭惰ˉ浜嗕竴浜涙搷浣滅郴缁熶笌澶氱嚎绋嬬殑鐭ヨ瘑,鐜板湪鎶婁竴鍐欑煡璇嗙偣涓茶捣鏉�,鍒嗕韩缁欏ぇ瀹�.
鍒嗙骇淇濇姢鍩�
鐢佃剳鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鎻愪緵涓嶅悓鐨勮祫婧愯闂骇鍒�傚湪璁＄畻鏈轰綋绯荤粨鏋勪腑锛孯ings鏄敱涓や釜鎴栨洿澶氱殑鐗规潈鎬佺粍鎴愩�傚湪涓�浜涚‖浠舵垨鑰呭井浠ｇ爜绾у埆涓婃彁渚涗笉鍚岀壒鏉冩�佹ā寮忕殑CPU鏋舵瀯涓婏紝淇濇姢鐜�氬父閮芥槸纭欢寮哄埗鐨勩�俁ings鏄粠鏈�楂樼壒鏉冪骇锛堥�氬父琚彨浣�0绾э級鍒版渶浣庣壒鏉冪骇锛堥�氬父瀵瑰簲鏈�澶х殑鏁板瓧锛夋帓鍒楃殑銆傚湪澶у鏁版搷浣滅郴缁熶腑锛孯ing 0鎷ユ湁鏈�楂樼壒鏉冿紝骞朵笖鍙互鍜屾渶澶氱殑纭欢鐩存帴浜や簰锛堟瘮濡侰PU锛屽唴瀛橈級銆傚湪Windows涓�, User Space,涔熷氨鏄垜浠嚜宸卞畨瑁呯殑閭ｄ簺搴旂敤绋嬪簭澶勭悊Ring 3,鑰岀郴缁熷唴鏍稿氨鍦≧ing 0.
瀵逛簬杩欎釜闂,涓句釜渚嬪瓙,澶у灏卞ソ鐞嗚В浜�.
閽变笉鏄竾鑳界殑,浣嗘病閽辨槸涓囦竾涓嶈兘鐨�,鎵�浠ラ挶鏄竴涓搴殑閲嶄腑涔嬮噸,瀹堕噷鑰佸﹩鍛负浜嗚繖涓鐨勯暱娌讳箙瀹�,鎺屾彙瀹堕噷鐨勮储鏀垮ぇ鏉�,鎶婂閲岀殑灏忛噾搴撳畧寰楁姝荤殑,浣嗚繖灏辨剰鍛崇潃鎴戞病閽辫姳浜嗗悧?褰撶劧涓嶆槸,鍜岃�佸﹩澶т汉鐢ㄦ褰撶悊鐢辩敵璇蜂笉灏卞畬浜嬩簡?馃槀
鐢宠閫氳繃涔嬪悗,鑰佸﹩澶т汉鏄厑璁告垜鐩存帴浼告墜鍘诲閲屽皬閲戝簱鎷块挶鍚�? 閭ｅ綋鐒朵笉鏄�,濡傛灉鎴戜竴鎶撲竴澶ф妸灏卞嵄闄╀簡,鎵�浠ヨ繕寰楃粡杩囧ス鐨勬墜浠庡皬閲戝簱鎷块挶缁欐垜.
杩欎釜鐜拌薄,鎴戣寰椾篃鏄竴绉嶅垎绾т繚鎶ゅ煙,鎵�浠ュ憿,涔熶竴鐩村鑰佸﹩澶т汉鐨勮繖绉嶄竾鎭惰寰勮〃绀虹悊瑙�.
鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涔熸槸杩欐牱,CPU,鍐呭瓨杩欎簺纭欢鏄數鑴戝畨鍏ㄧ殑鏍规湰,鎵�浠ヤ笉鑳界粰绗笁鏂硅蒋浠舵搷浣滄潈闄�,鎯虫搷浣滅‖浠�,灏遍�氳繃鐢盧ing 0涓唴鏍�(Kernel)鏆撮湶鐨勪弗鏍糀pi杩涜.
鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋嬩笌鍐呮牳绾х嚎绋�
绾跨▼涓昏鏈変互涓嬩袱绉嶅疄鐜版柟寮�-
- 鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋� -鐢ㄦ埛鎵樼绾跨▼銆�
- 鍐呮牳绾х嚎绋� -浣滅敤鍦ㄥ唴鏍革紙鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鏍稿績锛変笂鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁熺鐞嗙殑绾跨▼銆�
鍦ㄤ笂鍥句腑,User Space灏卞彲浠ョ悊瑙ｄ负鎴戜笂涓珷鑺備腑鐨凴ing 3,鑰孠ernel Space灏辨槸Ring 0, 鍦≧ing 0涓�,鏄彲浠ョ洿鎺ユ搷浣淐PU,鍐呭瓨绛夌‖浠剁殑,鑰孯ing 3涓嶈.
浠ヤ笅鏄敤鎴风骇绾跨▼涓庡唴鏍哥骇绾跨▼鐨勫姣�.
| 鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋� | 鍐呮牳绾х嚎绋� |
|---|---|
| 鐢ㄦ埛绾跨▼鐢辩敤鎴峰疄鐜般�� | 鍐呮牳绾跨▼鐢監S瀹炵幇銆� |
| 鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鏃犳硶璇嗗埆鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋嬨�� | 鍐呮牳绾跨▼琚搷浣滅郴缁熻瘑鍒�� |
| 鐢ㄦ埛绾跨▼鐨勫疄鐜板緢瀹规槗銆� | 鍐呮牳绾跨▼鐨勫疄鐜板緢澶嶆潅銆� |
| 涓婁笅鏂囧垏鎹㈡椂闂存洿灏戙�� | 涓婁笅鏂囧垏鎹㈡椂闂存洿闀裤�� |
| 涓婁笅鏂囧垏鎹笉闇�瑕佺‖浠舵敮鎸併�� | 闇�瑕佺‖浠舵敮鎸併�� |
| 濡傛灉涓�涓敤鎴风骇鍒殑绾跨▼鎵ц闃绘鎿嶄綔锛屽垯鏁翠釜杩囩▼灏嗚闃绘銆� | 濡傛灉涓�涓唴鏍哥嚎绋嬫墽琛岄樆姝㈡搷浣滐紝鍒欏彟涓�绾跨▼鍙互缁х画鎵ц銆� |
| 鏃犳硶鐩存帴鍙戞尌澶氭牳澶勭悊鍣ㄧ殑浼樺娍 | 鍙互浜彈澶氬鐞嗚捣甯︽潵鐨勫ソ澶� |
鍏朵腑,闈炲父閲嶈鐨勪竴鐐�,鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋嬫棤娉曠洿鎺ュ彂鎸ュ鏍稿鐞嗗櫒鐨勪紭鍔�,闅鹃亾鎴戜滑缂栧啓鍑烘潵鐨勪唬鐮佸彧鑳藉湪涓�涓鐞嗗櫒涓婅繍琛屼簡鍚�?杩欏氨瑕佽璁茬敤鎴风骇绾跨▼妯″瀷.
鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋嬫ā鍨�
閫氬父锛屽唴鏍哥骇绾跨▼鍙互浣跨敤涓変釜妯″瀷涔嬩竴鏉ユ墽琛岀敤鎴风骇绾跨▼銆�
- Many-to-one
- One-to-one
- Many-to-many
鎵�鏈夋ā鍨嬮兘灏嗙敤鎴风骇绾跨▼鏄犲皠鍒板唴鏍哥骇绾跨▼,涓�涓唴鏍哥嚎绋嬪氨鍍忎竴涓鐞嗗櫒,瀹冩槸绯荤粺缂栨帓浠诲姟鐨勫熀鏈崟浣嶃��
Many-to-one
澶氬涓�妯″瀷灏嗚澶氱敤鎴风骇绾跨▼鏄犲皠鍒颁竴涓唴鏍哥骇绾跨▼銆傜嚎绋嬬鐞嗘槸閫氳繃绾跨▼搴撳湪鐢ㄦ埛绌洪棿涓畬鎴愮殑銆傚綋绾跨▼杩涜闃诲鐨勭郴缁熻皟鐢ㄦ椂锛屾暣涓繃绋嬪皢琚樆濉炪�備竴娆″彧鑳芥湁涓�涓嚎绋嬭闂唴鏍革紝鍥犳澶氫釜绾跨▼鏃犳硶鍦ㄥ澶勭悊鍣ㄤ笂骞惰杩愯銆�
濡傛灉鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋嬪簱鏄互鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涓嶆敮鎸佺殑鏂瑰紡瀹炵幇鐨勶紝鍒欏唴鏍哥嚎绋嬪皢浣跨敤澶氬涓�鍏崇郴妯″瀷銆�
鍐呮牳瀵圭敤鎴风骇绾跨▼涓嶅彲瑙�,鍦ㄥ畠鐪奸噷鍙湁鍐呮牳绾跨▼,鑰屽湪鍐呮牳绾跨▼鐨勭溂閲�,涓�涓繘绋嬫棤闈炲氨鏄竴涓伓灏旇琚畠缈荤墝鐨勯粦鐩掑瓙,杩涚▼璐熻矗鐢ㄦ埛绾跨▼鐨勮皟搴︿笌鎵ц.
One-to-one
鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆ā鍨嬩笅鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋嬩笌鍐呮牳绾х嚎绋嬩箣闂村瓨鍦ㄤ竴瀵逛竴鐨勫叧绯汇�傝妯″瀷姣斿瀵逛竴妯″瀷骞跺彂鎬уソ,褰撲竴涓嚎绋嬭繘琛岄樆濉炵郴缁熻皟鐢ㄦ椂锛屽畠杩樺厑璁稿彟涓�涓嚎绋嬭繍琛�,鎵�浠ュ畠鏀寔澶氫釜绾跨▼浠ュ湪澶勭悊鍣ㄤ笂骞惰鎵ц銆�
璇ユā鍨嬬殑缂虹偣鏄垱寤虹敤鎴风嚎绋嬮渶瑕佺浉搴旂殑鍐呮牳绾跨▼,鑰屽垱寤哄唴鏍哥嚎绋嬪紑閿�鏄緢澶х殑.
Many-to-many
鍦ㄥ瀵瑰妯″瀷涓紝m涓唴鏍哥嚎绋嬪鐞唍涓敤鎴风嚎绋�,鍏朵腑m < n. 璇ユā鍨嬪苟鍙戞�ф渶濂�,骞朵笖涓嶇敤鍒涘缓杩囧鐨勫唴鏍哥嚎绋�,娑夊強鍒扮殑绾跨▼鍒囨崲鍚屾鐨勫紑閿�涔熸洿灏�.
鐪熺浉娴嚭姘撮潰
.Net鐨勪唬鐮佷綔涓烘墭绠′唬鐮佸湪鈥滄墭绠＄嚎绋嬧�濅笂鎵ц锛岃�屾墭绠＄嚎绋嬫槸鍦–LR铏氭嫙鏈轰笂鎵ц鐨勮櫄鎷熺嚎绋�,涔熸槸灞炰簬鐢ㄦ埛绾х嚎绋�.
姝ｅJIT缂栬瘧鍣ㄥ皢鈥滆櫄鎷熲�� IL鎸囦护鏄犲皠鍒板湪鐗╃悊璁＄畻鏈轰笂鎵ц鐨勬湰鏈烘寚浠や竴鏍凤紝CLR鐨勭嚎绋嬪熀纭�缁撴瀯涔熷皢鈥滆櫄鎷熲�濇墭绠＄嚎绋嬫槧灏勫埌鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鎻愪緵鐨勫唴鏍哥嚎绋嬨��
璇村埌杩欓噷,鎴戜滑涔熷樊涓嶅鏈変簡鍓嶉潰鎴戣鐨勯偅涓幇璞＄殑绛旀浜�,骞堕潪鍏朵粬澶勭悊鍣ㄤ笉鎯充笌閭ｄ釜姘存繁鐏儹鐨勫鐞嗗櫒鏈夐毦鍚屼韩,鑰屾槸鎴戞病鏈変娇鐢ㄥ绾跨▼,鎵�浠ユ墽琛岀殑绋嬪簭鍙湁涓�涓富绾跨▼,涔熷氨鏄鐢ㄦ埛绾跨▼鏁颁负1.鍙兘鏄痮ne to one 妯″瀷,鎵�浠ュ彧鏈変竴涓鐞嗗櫒鑳藉弬涓庡伐浣�.
鏃㈢劧鐭ラ亾浜嗛噷闈㈢殑鍘熺悊,閭ｆ垜浠氨瀵瑰墠鏂囦腑鐨勭▼搴忚繘琛屾敼閫�,鍒涘缓鍥涗釜绾跨▼鏉ユ墽琛屼换鍔�,浼氫笉浼氭墍鏈夊鐞嗗櫒閮藉繖璧锋潵鍛�?
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Start...");
for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
var td=new Thread(DoSomething);
td.Start();
}
Console.WriteLine("Ending...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void DoSomething()
{
var sum="";
for (int i = 2; i < int.MaxValue; i++)
{
sum += "s";
}
Console.WriteLine(sum.Length);
}
}鍙互鐪嬪埌,杩欐澶у鐨勬浼愰兘鍋氬埌浜嗘儕浜虹殑涓�鑷�,鍥涗釜澶勭悊鍣ㄩ兘琚皟鐢ㄨ捣鏉�,鍔犱笂涓荤嚎绋�,杩欓噷鑷冲皯鏈変簲涓敤鎴风嚎绋�,鎵�浠ヨ繖閲屽簲璇ユ槸many to many鐨勬ā鍨嬩簡.
璋㈣阿瑙傝祻!
鍙傝�冭祫鏂�:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_ring
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15093510/whats-c-sharp-threading-type
https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/blob/master/Documentation/botr/threading.md#clr-threading-overview