在这部分里，因为没有物理语音实验设备，无法做实验。此篇主要以整理概念为主。
语音基本概念
分类 |
接口 |
中继线 |
||
模拟 |
数字 |
模拟 |
数字 |
|
传统语音 |
FXS, FXO, E&M |
E1, T1 |
PSTN |
E1(2.048M), T1(1.544M) |
IP语音 |
语音的连接是建立在IP的通道之上的，信令一般有： H323,SIP,SCCP,MGCP |
|||
2. 一般连接方式
传统语音：
Tel – FXS – CME --- (PSTN, TI, E1 ) --- CME – FXS – Tel
//这里可能会有一点误区，老一点企业的IT环境中，这里基本上是用PBX，然后通过配架将模拟电话连接到桌面，通过跟ISP申请的几门号码作为中继线路与外界联系。
这里因为讨论的是cisco的相关技术，所以用cisco的语音设备代替PBX //
CME上的连接组合有：
模拟：一路通讯占用一路通道
FXS – FXO, FXO – FXS
E&M – E&M : 一般用于CME到PBX（具有callrouting能力的设备）之间连接
数字：能支持多路并发通讯
T1 –T1 ：24路并发通讯，每个通道64K
E1 – E1 ： 30路并发通讯，每个通道64K
IP 语音：基于报文交换技术
常用连接方案：
phone---(PBX)—router------internet-----router—(PBX)—phone
此方案的优势在于：
1. 减少费用
2. 减少IT的维护量，将所有的设备集中到router中统一维护
3. 更多的基于IP的应用
3. CISCO语音硬件选择
对于硬件的选择可以参考如下连接
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/unified-communications/index.html
PVDM: packet voice dsp module , 分组语音DSP模块。
DSP:数字信号处理器
在执行编解码的过程中，设备一般采用flexible（弹性）模式，每个DSP处理的会话数：
PVDM I: 4 sessions / 1 DSP
PVDM II : 16 sessions / 1 DSP
PVDM III: 32 sessions / 1 DSP
4. 检查设备是否具备语音的能力命令
1Sh diag : 硬件是否具有语音模块，如：FXS,FXO,E1,T1
2 Sh voice dsp detail: 是否具有DSP资源
3 Sh ver : IOS版本是否支持语音特性，一般要ipvoice / enterprise …
截图：本想截点图，但不能直接贴在这儿，贴点文字吧：
sh diag:
PVDM Slot 0:
32-channel (G.711) Voice/Fax PVDM3 DSP DIMM PVDM daughter card
WIC Slot 2:
VIC2 - BRI-NT/TE Voice daughter card (2 port)
WIC Slot 3:
VIC2 - BRI-NT/TE Voice daughter card (2 port)
也可以用sh inventory
NAME: "CISCO2921/K9 chassis", DESCR: "CISCO2921/K9 chassis"
PID: CISCO2921/K9 , VID: V06 , ,
NAME: "2nd generation two port BRI voice interface daughtercard on Slot 0 SubSlot 2", DESCR: "2nd generation two port BRI voice interface daughtercard"
PID: VIC2-2BRI-NT/TE= , VID: V ,
NAME: "2nd generation two port BRI voice interface daughtercard on Slot 0 SubSlot 3", DESCR: "2nd generation two port BRI voice interface daughtercard"
PID: VIC2-2BRI-NT/TE= , VID: V ,
NAME: "PVDM3 DSP DIMM with 32 Channels on Slot 0 SubSlot 4", DESCR: "PVDM3 DSP DIMM with 32 Channels"
PID: PVDM3-32 , VID: V01 ,
NAME: "C2921/C2951 AC Power Supply", DESCR: "C2921/C2951 AC Power Supply"
PID: PWR-2921-51-AC , VID: V03 ,
sh voice dsp detailed: 太多了，少贴点吧：
sh voice dsp detailed
DSP DSP DSPWARE CURR BOOT PAK TX/RX
TYPE NUM CH CODEC VERSION STATE STATE RST AI VOICEPORT TS ABORT PACK COUNT
==== === == ======== ========== ===== ======= === == ========= == ===== ============
edsp 0001 01 g729r8 p 0.1 IDLE 50/0/1.1
edsp 0002 02 g729r8 p 0.1 IDLE 50/0/1.2
edsp 0003 01 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/2.1
edsp 0004 02 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/2.2
edsp 0005 01 g729r8 p 0.1 IDLE 50/0/3.1
edsp 0006 02 g729r8 p 0.1 IDLE 50/0/3.2
edsp 0007 01 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/4.1
edsp 0008 02 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/4.2
edsp 0009 01 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/5.1
edsp 0010 02 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/5.2
edsp 0011 01 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/7.1
edsp 0012 02 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/7.2
edsp 0013 01 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/8.1
edsp 0014 02 g729r8 p 0.1 IDLE 50/0/8.2
edsp 0015 01 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/9.1
edsp 0016 02 g729r8 p 0.1 IDLE 50/0/9.2
edsp 0017 01 g711ulaw 0.1 IDLE 50/0/10.1
........
...........
......
----------------------------FLEX VOICE CARD 0 -----------------------
*DSP VOICE CHANNELS*
CURR STATE : (busy)inuse (b-out)busy out (bpend)busyout pending
LEGEND : (bad)bad (shut)shutdown (dpend)download pending
DSP DSP DSPWARE CURR BOOT PAK TX/RX
TYPE NUM CH CODEC VERSION STATE STATE RST AI VOICEPORT TS ABRT PACK COUNT
====== === == ========= ========== ===== ======= === == ========= == ==== ============
SP2600 001 01 g711ulaw 28.3.5 busy idle 0 0 0/2/1 04 0 1979/2536
SP2600 001 02 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 03 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 04 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 05 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 06 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 07 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 08 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 09 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 10 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 11 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 12 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 13 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 14 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 15 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 16 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 17 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 18 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 19 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 20 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 21 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 22 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 23 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 24 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 25 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 26 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 27 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 28 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 29 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 30 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 31 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
SP2600 001 32 None 28.3.5 idle idle 0 0 0 0/0
*DSP SIGNALING CHANNELS*
DSP DSP DSPWARE CURR BOOT PAK TX/RX
TYPE NUM CH CODEC VERSION STATE STATE RST AI VOICEPORT TS ABRT PACK COUNT
====== === == ========= ========== ===== ======= === == ========= == ==== ============
------------------------END OF FLEX VOICE CARD 0 ----------------------------
sh ver
..........
..........
License Info:
License UDI:
-------------------------------------------------
Device# PID SN
-------------------------------------------------
*0 CISCO2921/K9
Technology Package License Information for Module:'c2900'
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Technology Technology-package Technology-package
Current Type Next reboot
------------------------------------------------------------------
ipbase ipbasek9 Permanent ipbasek9
security None None None
uc uck9 Permanent uck9
data None None None
Configuration register is 0x2102