实现目标
我们的目标是在Windows 10系统上具体实现DeepMind论文中强化学习算法Q-learning Network(DQN)的训练过程。
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随着每次训练，强化学习算法将拿到越来越高的分，具体强化学习与DQN的前置知识可以参考 这里
注意：子系统无法安装CUDA，所以只能使用CPU版的TensorFlow，具体可以参考下图
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运行环境
Win 10 + Ubuntu 16.04 + Python 3.5.2 + pip 9
具体流程
1 安装WSL(Windows Subsystem for Linux)
适用于win10 build 16215以及之后的版本，之前的版本可参考官方链接。
-
管理员权限运行powershell并运行下面的命令(在搜索栏搜索powershell，右键管理员打开)：
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux或者：控制面板->程序和功能->启用或关闭Windows功能->勾选 适用于Linux的Windows子系统
image 根据提示重启电脑
打开应用商城搜索Ubuntu(或者其他Linux系统)
-
进入到Ubuntu命令行窗口，等待初始化之后新建用户并设置密码，完成之后：
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需要修改字体及个性化设置可以参考资料1。
2 配置Ubuntu运行环境
Ubuntu子系统安装好了之后，在命令行输入以下命令，更新apt和安装build-essential
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential
以及安装python3的pip3 (python3已经自带了，不用安装)
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
接下来安装以下OpenAI/gym的依赖，如果安装失败可以试着一个一个安装
sudo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-dev cmake zlib1g-dev libjpeg-dev xvfb libav-tools xorg-dev python-opengl libboost-all-dev libsdl2-dev swig
3 安装Python Library
安装好以上依赖之后，该使用pip3安装TensorFlow(cpu)和gym了
- 安装TensorFlow
sudo pip3 install tensorflow
若无法访问或者安装失败可以手动把tensorflow的tensorflow-1.2.1-cp35-cp35m-linux_x86_64安装包下载下来到自己的～目录并安装
sudo pip3 install --upgrade /home/wj/tensorflow-1.2.1-cp35-cp35m-linux_x86_64
- 安装gym
sudo pip3 install gym
sudo pip3 install gym[atari]
- 安装openCV
sudo pip3 install opencv-python
4 安装vcXsrv
下载地址
安装之后重启电脑并打开vcXsrv
在ubuntu命令行中输入export DISPLAY=:0，将输出导出到vcXsrv
5 启动项目
以上步骤都完成之后，将以下代码mian.py 保存到项目文件夹中，在Ubuntu命令行中进入到项目文件夹。
注：cd /mnt/ mnt文件夹下就是Win下各个硬盘了
main.py
import sys
import cv2 # OPENCV2
import cv2 as cv
import gym
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import random
from collections import deque
CNN_INPUT_WIDTH = 80
CNN_INPUT_HEIGHT = 80
CNN_INPUT_DEPTH = 1
SERIES_LENGTH = 4
REWARD_COFF = 3.0
INITIAL_EPSILON = 1.0
FINAL_EPSILON = 0.0001
REPLAY_SIZE = 50000
BATCH_SIZE = 32
GAMMA = 0.99
OBSERVE_TIME = 500
ENV_NAME = 'Breakout-v4'
EPISODE = 100000
STEP = 1500
TEST = 10
class ImageProcess():
def ColorMat2B(self, state): # this is the function used for the game flappy bird
height = 80
width = 80
state_gray = cv2.cvtColor( cv2.resize( state, ( height, width ) ) , cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY )
_,state_binary = cv2.threshold( state_gray, 5, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY )
state_binarySmall = cv2.resize( state_binary, ( width, height ))
cnn_inputImage = state_binarySmall.reshape( ( height, width ) )
return cnn_inputImage
def ColorMat2Binary(self, state):
# state_output = tf.image.rgb_to_grayscale(state_input)
# state_output = tf.image.crop_to_bounding_box(state_output, 34, 0, 160, 160)
# state_output = tf.image.resize_images(state_output, 80, 80, method=tf.image.ResizeMethod.NEAREST_NEIGHBOR)
# state_output = tf.squeeze(state_output)
# return state_output
height = state.shape[0]
width = state.shape[1]
nchannel = state.shape[2]
sHeight = int(height * 0.5)
sWidth = CNN_INPUT_WIDTH
state_gray = cv2.cvtColor(state, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# print state_gray.shape
# cv2.imshow('test2', state_gray)
# cv2.waitKey(0)
_, state_binary = cv2.threshold(state_gray, 5, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
state_binarySmall = cv2.resize(state_binary, (sWidth, sHeight), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
cnn_inputImg = state_binarySmall[25:, :]
# rstArray = state_graySmall.reshape(sWidth * sHeight)
cnn_inputImg = cnn_inputImg.reshape((CNN_INPUT_WIDTH, CNN_INPUT_HEIGHT))
# print cnn_inputImg.shape
return cnn_inputImg
def ShowImageFromNdarray(self, state, p):
imgs = np.ndarray(shape=(4, 80, 80))
for i in range(0, 80):
for j in range(0, 80):
for k in range(0, 4):
imgs[k][i][j] = state[i][j][k]
cv2.imshow(str(p + 1), imgs[0])
cv2.imshow(str(p + 2), imgs[1])
cv2.imshow(str(p + 3), imgs[2])
cv2.imshow(str(p + 4), imgs[3])
class DQN():
def __init__(self, env):
self.imageProcess = ImageProcess()
self.epsilon = INITIAL_EPSILON
self.replay_buffer = deque()
self.recent_history_queue = deque()
self.action_dim = env.action_space.n
self.state_dim = CNN_INPUT_HEIGHT * CNN_INPUT_WIDTH
self.time_step = 0
self.session = tf.InteractiveSession()
self.create_network()
# self.create_training_method()
self.observe_time = 0
self.merged = tf.summary.merge_all()
self.summary_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter('/path/to/logs', self.session.graph)
self.session.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
def create_network(self):
INPUT_DEPTH = SERIES_LENGTH
self.input_layer = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, CNN_INPUT_WIDTH, CNN_INPUT_HEIGHT, INPUT_DEPTH],
name='status-input')
self.action_input = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, self.action_dim])
self.y_input = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None])
W1 = self.get_weights([8, 8, 4, 32])
b1 = self.get_bias([32])
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.conv2d(self.input_layer, W1, strides=[1, 4, 4, 1], padding='SAME') + b1)
conv1 = tf.nn.max_pool(h_conv1, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')
W2 = self.get_weights([4, 4, 32, 64])
b2 = self.get_bias([64])
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.conv2d(conv1, W2, strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME') + b2)
# conv2 = tf.nn.max_pool( h_conv2, ksize = [ 1, 2, 2, 1 ], strides= [ 1, 2, 2, 1 ], padding= 'SAME' )
W3 = self.get_weights([3, 3, 64, 64])
b3 = self.get_bias([64])
h_conv3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.conv2d(h_conv2, W3, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') + b3)
# conv3 = tf.nn.max_pool( h_conv3, ksize= [ 1,2,2,1], strides=[ 1,2,2,1 ],padding= 'SAME' )
W_fc1 = self.get_weights([1600, 512])
b_fc1 = self.get_bias([512])
# h_conv2_flat = tf.reshape( h_conv2, [ -1, 11 * 11 * 32 ] )
conv3_flat = tf.reshape(h_conv3, [-1, 1600])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(conv3_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)
W_fc2 = self.get_weights([512, self.action_dim])
b_fc2 = self.get_bias([self.action_dim])
self.Q_value = tf.matmul(h_fc1, W_fc2) + b_fc2
Q_action = tf.reduce_sum(tf.multiply(self.Q_value, self.action_input), reduction_indices=1)
self.cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(self.y_input - Q_action))
self.optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-6).minimize(self.cost)
# def create_training_method(self):
#
# # if len(self.recent_history_queue) > 4:
# # sess = tf.Session()
# # print sess.run(self.Q_value)
# # global_step = tf.Variable(0, name='global_step', trainable=True)
# # self.optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer( 0.001 ).minimize( self.cost )
def train_network(self):
self.time_step += 1
minibatch = random.sample(self.replay_buffer, BATCH_SIZE)
state_batch = [data[0] for data in minibatch]
action_batch = [data[1] for data in minibatch]
reward_batch = [data[2] for data in minibatch]
next_state_batch = [data[3] for data in minibatch]
done_batch = [data[4] for data in minibatch]
# self.imageProcess.ShowImageFromNdarray( state_batch[0], 1 )
y_batch = []
Q_value_batch = self.Q_value.eval(feed_dict={self.input_layer: next_state_batch})
# print Q_value_batch
# print self.time_step
# cv2.waitKey(0)
# print Q_value_batch.shape
for i in range(BATCH_SIZE):
if done_batch[i]:
y_batch.append(reward_batch[i])
else:
y_batch.append(reward_batch[i] + GAMMA * np.max(Q_value_batch[i]))
self.optimizer.run(feed_dict={
self.input_layer: state_batch,
self.action_input: action_batch,
self.y_input: y_batch
})
def percieve(self, state_shadow, action_index, reward, state_shadow_next, done, episode):
action = np.zeros( self.action_dim )
action[ action_index ] = 1
self.replay_buffer.append([state_shadow, action, reward, state_shadow_next, done])
self.observe_time += 1
if self.observe_time % 1000 and self.observe_time <= OBSERVE_TIME == 0:
print(self.observe_time)
if len(self.replay_buffer) > REPLAY_SIZE:
self.replay_buffer.popleft()
if len(self.replay_buffer) > BATCH_SIZE and self.observe_time > OBSERVE_TIME:
self.train_network()
def get_greedy_action(self, state_shadow):
rst = self.Q_value.eval(feed_dict={self.input_layer: [state_shadow]})[0]
# print rst
print(np.max( rst ))
return np.argmax(rst)
def get_action(self, state_shadow):
if self.epsilon >= FINAL_EPSILON and self.observe_time > OBSERVE_TIME:
self.epsilon -= (INITIAL_EPSILON - FINAL_EPSILON) / 10000
action = np.zeros(self.action_dim)
action_index = None
if random.random() < self.epsilon:
action_index = random.randint(0, self.action_dim - 1)
else:
action_index = self.get_greedy_action(state_shadow)
return action_index
def get_weights(self, shape):
weight = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.01)
return tf.Variable(weight)
def get_bias(self, shape):
bias = tf.constant(0.01, shape=shape)
return tf.Variable(bias)
def main():
env = gym.make(ENV_NAME)
state_shadow = None
next_state_shadow = None
agent = DQN(env)
total_reward_decade = 0
# game_state = game.GameState()
for episode in range(EPISODE):
total_reward = 0
state = env.reset()
state = agent.imageProcess.ColorMat2Binary(state) # now state is a binary image of 80 * 80
state_shadow = np.stack((state, state, state, state), axis=2)
for step in range(STEP):
env.render()
action = agent.get_action(state_shadow)
next_state, reward, done, _ = env.step(action)
next_state = np.reshape( agent.imageProcess.ColorMat2Binary( next_state ), ( 80,80,1 ) )
# print next_state.shape
# print state_shadow.shape
next_state_shadow = np.append( next_state, state_shadow[ :,:,:3 ], axis= 2 )
total_reward += reward
agent.percieve(state_shadow, action, reward, next_state_shadow, done, episode)
state_shadow = next_state_shadow
if done:
break
print('Episode:', episode, 'Total Point this Episode is:', total_reward)
total_reward_decade += total_reward
if episode % 10 == 0:
print('-------------')
print('Decade:', episode / 10, 'Total Reward in this Decade is:', total_reward_decade)
print('-------------')
total_reward_decade = 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
运行以上代码(sudo python3 main.py)
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参考资料
- https://www.cnblogs.com/JettTang/p/8186315.html (WSL安装及字体设置)
- https://github.com/openai/gym
- https://github.com/openai/gym/issues/11
- https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~vmnih/docs/dqn.pdf DQN论文