数据库启动时遇到ORA-01578错误

数据库启动的时候遇到坏块，特别是SYSTEM表空间中的一些底层表，如UNDO$,OBJ$等一些表，会导致数据库不能正常open,当然我们可以通过增加一些隐藏参数来达到跳过坏块来启动数据库，也可以通过bbed工具来手动修复块来。下面是自己的一个测试环境遇到这样的错误，通过bbed工具来修复

 

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1,数据库版本

SQL> select * from v$version;   BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production CORE    11.2.0.3.0      Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production   [[email protected] ~]$sqlplus / as sysdba   SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun May 25 04:36:03 2014   Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connected to an idle instance.   SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area  237998080 bytes Fixed Size                  2227216 bytes Variable Size             146801648 bytes Database Buffers           83886080 bytes Redo Buffers                5083136 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1 ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [1], [225], [6108], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Process ID: 12178 Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5

2，启动报错

[[email protected] ~]$sqlplus / as sysdba   SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun May 25 04:20:44 2014   Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connected to an idle instance.   SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area  237998080 bytes Fixed Size                  2227216 bytes Variable Size             146801648 bytes Database Buffers           83886080 bytes Redo Buffers                5083136 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1 ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 225) ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf' Process ID: 1617 Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5   此块就是存储undo$基表的块，在数据库启动的时候，做恢复的时候，是需要去读undo块的，所以导致报错

3，bbed修复坏块

BBED> verify DBVERIFY - Verification starting FILE = /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf BLOCK = 225   Block Checking: DBA = 4194529, Block Type = KTB-managed data block Found block already marked corrupted   DBVERIFY - Verification complete   Total Blocks Examined         : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1 Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0 Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0 Total Blocks Empty            : 0 Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0 Total Blocks Influx           : 0 Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED 这里发现块被标记为坏块，其实这里知道就是把seq更改为FF了，下面我们修改回来就可以了 BBED> p kcbh struct kcbh, 20 bytes                       @0          ub1 type_kcbh                            @0        0x06    ub1 frmt_kcbh                            @1        0xa2    ub1 spare1_kcbh                          @2        0x00    ub1 spare2_kcbh                          @3        0x00    ub4 rdba_kcbh                            @4        0x004000e1    ub4 bas_kcbh                             @8        0x0021beaa    ub2 wrp_kcbh                             @12       0x0000    ub1 seq_kcbh                             @14       0xff    ub1 flg_kcbh                             @15       0x04 (KCBHFCKV)    ub2 chkval_kcbh                          @16       0x4cba    ub2 spare3_kcbh                          @18       0x0000   BBED> set mode edit         MODE            Edit   BBED> set count 16         COUNT           16   BBED> modify /x 00 offset 14 Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y  File: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)  Block: 225              Offsets:   14 to   29           Dba:0x00000000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------  0004ba4c 00000100 00000f00 0000aabe    <32 bytes per line>     BBED> set offset 8188         OFFSET          8188   BBED> dump  File: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)  Block: 225              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------  ff06aabe    <32 bytes per line>   BBED> modify /x 00 offset 8188  File: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)  Block: 225              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------  0006aabe    <32 bytes per line>   BBED> p tailchk ub4 tailchk                                 @8188     0xbeaa0600     BBED> sum apply Check value for File 0, Block 225: current = 0x4cba, required = 0x4cba   BBED> verify DBVERIFY - Verification starting FILE = /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf BLOCK = 225   Block Checking: DBA = 4194529, Block Type = KTB-managed data block data header at 0x2a98b8725c kdbchk: row locked by non-existent transaction         table=0   slot=20         lockid=1   ktbbhitc=2 Block 225 failed with check code 6101   DBVERIFY - Verification complete   Total Blocks Examined         : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1 Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0 Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0 Total Blocks Empty            : 0 Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0 Total Blocks Influx           : 0 Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED 这里看到报了ITL相当的一些东西，原因是由于原来做实验的时候，手动提交了数据。 报错代码的意思是，slot=20的行被锁住，占用了itl2.   下面是dump数据库看一下第21号的lb标记符 tl: 58 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1  cc: 17 col  0: [ 2]  c1 15 col  1: [10]  5f 53 59 53 53 4d 55 32 30 24 col  2: [ 2]  c1 02 col  3: [ 2]  c1 06 col  4: [ 3]  c2 03 49 col  5: [ 5]  c4 02 62 0a 09 col  6: [ 1]  80 col  7: [ 3]  c2 03 2a col  8: [ 3]  c2 02 3e col  9: [ 1]  80 col 10: [ 2]  c1 04 col 11: [ 2]  c1 06 col 12: *NULL* col 13: *NULL* col 14: *NULL* col 15: *NULL* col 16: [ 2]  c1 0   BBED> p *kdbr[20] rowdata[634] ------------ ub1 rowdata[634]                            @1823     0x2c   BBED> set offset 1823         OFFSET          1823   BBED> dump  File: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)  Block: 225              Offsets: 1823 to 1838           Dba:0x00000000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------  2c011102 c1150a5f 53595353 4d553230 BBED> modify /x 2c00  File: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)  Block: 225              Offsets: 1823 to 1838           Dba:0x00000000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------  2c001102 c1150a5f 53595353 4d553230    <32 bytes per line>       BBED> sum apply Check value for File 0, Block 225: current = 0x6ec1, required = 0x6ec1   BBED> verify DBVERIFY - Verification starting FILE = /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf BLOCK = 225     DBVERIFY - Verification complete   Total Blocks Examined         : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1 Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0 Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0 Total Blocks Empty            : 0 Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0 Total Blocks Influx           : 0 Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED   块不在报错。验证通过

4，数据库正常打开

SQL> alter database open;   Database altered.   undo块能正常访问 SQL> select name from undo$;   NAME ------------------------------ SYSTEM _SYSSMU1$ _SYSSMU10$ _SYSSMU11$ _SYSSMU12$ _SYSSMU13$ _SYSSMU14$ _SYSSMU15$ _SYSSMU16$ _SYSSMU17$ _SYSSMU18$   NAME ------------------------------ _SYSSMU19$ _SYSSMU2$ _SYSSMU20$ _SYSSMU3$ _SYSSMU4$ _SYSSMU5$ _SYSSMU6$ _SYSSMU7$ _SYSSMU8$ _SYSSMU9$   21 rows selected.