数据库主从同步部署
约定：
主数据库master ip：10.0.0.4:3306
备数据库slave ip：10.0.0.3:3306
部署流程：
主数据库操作如下
1、开启主数据的binlog参数，和设置server-id
2、创建用于同步数据的账号rep
3、锁表并查看当前日志名称和位置
4、备份当前主数据库的全部数据（全备）
5、给主数据解锁。让主库继续提供服务
6、继续往主数据写数据
备数据库操作
1、把主数据备份的全备数据备份到备数据库
2、在备数据库上设置主从同步的相关信息，如主数据库的IP、端口、同步账号、密码、binlog文件名、binlog位置点
3、开始主从同步start slave；
4、查看是否备份成功，show slave status\G;
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主数据库上面操作
开启主数据库的binlog参数，和设置server-id
egrep "server-id|log-bin" /etc/my.cnf
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[root@M_MYSQL ~]# egrep "server-id|log-bin" /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
[root@M_MYSQL ~]#
重启3306实例数据库
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
netstat -lntup|grep 3306
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[root@M_MYSQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2412/mysqld
[root@M_MYSQL ~]#
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查看是否记录bin_log日志
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# ll /application/mysql/data/
total 28700
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 30 21:58 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 30 21:58 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 30 21:33 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 3458 Sep 30 21:58 M_MYSQL.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Sep 30 21:58 M_MYSQL.pid
drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Sep 30 21:33 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 107 Sep 30 21:58 mysql-bin.000001 ##有这个，证明在记录主从同步
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 19 Sep 30 21:58 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 30 21:33 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 30 21:33 test
[root@M_MYSQL ~]#
########################################
##在主数据库中创建测试用的数据库和表。
create database lvnian;
use lvnian;
create table test(
id int(4) not null auto_increment,
name char(20) not null,
primary key(id)
);
flush privileges;
mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "use lvnian; select * from test;"
for n in `seq 100`;do mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "use lvnian;insert test values($n,'lvnian$n'); " ;done;
mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "use lvnian; select * from test;"
############################################
##############
查看是否开启binlog
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "show variables like 'log_bin'"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
[root@M_MYSQL ~]#
############################################
创建用于同步数据的账号rep
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'10.0.0.%' identified by 'lvnian123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "select user,host from mysql.user;"
########################################
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "select user,host from mysql.user;"
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| rep | 10.0.0.% |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
############################################
锁表
mysql> flush table with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
################################################################################
查看当前日志名称和位置
mysql -uroot -plvnian -e " show master status;"
mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "show master logs;"
########################################
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian -e " show master status;"
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 302 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "show master logs;"
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 20802 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 150 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 302 |
+------------------+-----------+
[root@M_MYSQL ~]#
######################################
备份当前主数据库数据
另开一个窗口
mysqldump -uroot -plvnian -A -B -F --master-data=2 | gzip > /tmp/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
##################
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# mysqldump -uroot -plvnian -A -B -F --master-data=2 --events | gzip > /tmp/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
[root@M_MYSQL ~]# ll /tmp/
total 148
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 145225 Sep 30 22:19 mysql_bak.2015-09-30.sql.gz
[root@M_MYSQL ~]#
给主数据库解锁
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
###############################################
继续往主数据库写数据
for n in `seq 100 150`;do mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "use lvnian;insert test values($n,'lvnian$n'); " ;done;
mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "use lvnian; select * from test;"
############################################################################
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启动备数据库
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2475/mysqld
[root@S_MYSQL ~]#
#####################################################
把备份数据备份到备数据库
scp [email protected]:/tmp/mysql_bak.2015-09-30.sql.gz .
#####################################
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# scp [email protected]:/tmp/mysql_bak.2015-09-30.sql.gz .
[email protected]'s password:
mysql_bak.2015-09-30.sql.gz 100% 142KB 141.8KB/s 00:00
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg aq deng.txxt install.log install.log.syslog mysql_bak.2015-09-30.sql.gz
[root@S_MYSQL ~]#
##########
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# gzip -d mysql_bak.2015-09-30.sql.gz
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian < mysql_bak.2015-09-30.sql
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| lvnian |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "use lvnian;select * from test;"
+-----+-----------+
| id | name |
+-----+-----------+
| 1 | lvnian1 |
| 2 | lvnian2 |
| 3 | lvnian3 |
| 4 | lvnian4 |
| 5 | lvnian5 |
| 6 | lvnian6 |
| 7 | lvnian7 |
| 8 | lvnian8 |
| 9 | lvnian9 |
| 10 | lvnian10 |
| 11 | lvnian11 |
| 12 | lvnian12 |
| 13 | lvnian13 |
....
....
....
全部恢复到备数据库成功
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开始设置主从同步
###################################
更加主数据库刚才的文件名称和位置点，等到下面的内容
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.4',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='rep',
MASTER_PASSWORD='lvnian123456',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
MASTER_LOG_POS=302;
######################
start slave;
show slave status\G;
###################################
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.4',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='rep',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='lvnian123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=302;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql>
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.4
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 9759
Relay_Log_File: S_MYSQL-relay-bin.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 9905
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 9759
Relay_Log_Space: 10106
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
成功的表现：
[root@S_MYSQL ~]# mysql -uroot -plvnian -e "show slave status\G;"|egrep "Slave_IO_Runnin|Slave_SQL_Running"
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
[root@S_MYSQL ~]#
出现上面两个yes证明数据库主从同步成功了
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小结
注意防火墙问题
注意主从数据库的server-id问题，主从数据库的server-id必须是不同的。
注意主数据库的配置文件my.cnf 必须开启记录binlog日志
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同步故障解决
下面主从不同步的原因就是上面从库的server-id没有修改，导致主从数据库的server-id是一样的，就会出现下面错误:
注意错误提示：
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it).
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 10.0.0.4
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 302
Relay_Log_File: S_MYSQL-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 302
Relay_Log_Space: 107
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1593
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it).
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
上面同步不成功的原因是。没有修改备数据库的server-id .导致备数据库和主数据库的server-id相同。把主备数据库的server-id改为不一致就可以了