1. 基本知识

    一块硬盘可以有1-3个主分区和1个扩展分区，或者1-4个主分区。一个扩展分区可以分为若干个逻辑分区。
 
    硬盘的容量＝主分区的容量＋扩展分区的容量
    扩展分区的容量＝各个逻辑分区的容量之和
 
 
    通常，在PC机上使用的硬盘有两种：

　　1） IDE接口：最常见的；
　　2） SCSI接口：比IDE性能好，但更贵！
 
 
    操作系统对分区的要求。
 
       Windows必须安装在主分区上。磁盘格式为FAT32/NTFS
       Solaris(Unix)必须安装在主分区上。磁盘格式为Solaris
       Ubuntu(Linux)可以安装在逻辑分区上。磁盘格式为Ext3/swap
 

2. Windows

        Partition Diagrams



 
 

3. Linux(Ubuntu)

    Linux下的磁盘设备

    IDE设备：一台PC上可以有两个IDE接口（我将其称为第一IDE、第二IDE），而每个IDE接口上可以接两个IDE设备（我将其称为主盘、从盘）。其中硬盘与光驱都是IDE设备。Linux这样为其命名：

    第一IDE的主盘：/dev/hda
    第一IDE的从盘：/dev/hdb
    第二IDE的主盘：/dev/hdc
    第二IDE的从盘：/dev/hdd
 
　SCSI设备：这个相对大家会陌生一些，它通常需要加上一块SCSI卡来驱动。
 
              第一块SCSI设备称为：/dev/sda
              第二块SCSI设备称为：/dev/sdb……
              以此类推。


     Linux下的分区命名

　　       也就是主分区（或扩展分区）被命名为hda1-hda4，如果没有，就跳过。而扩展分区中的逻辑分区则从hda5开始编号，以此类推。 这里是以第一IDE的主盘为例，如果是第二硬盘，就是hdb1、hdb2、hdb5、hdb6、hdb7。


     Command - View Disks

robert@laptop-ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18bc18bc

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1        5838    46886912    7  HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2            5838        6360     4195328    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3            6360        8971    20971096   bf  Solaris
/dev/sda4            8972       14593    45158715    f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5           11582       14593    24191968+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda6            8972       11087    16996707   83  Linux
/dev/sda7           11088       11581     3968023+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe6e9f997

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        4177    33551721    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2            4178        8354    33551752+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb3            8355        9729    11044687+   c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)


     Command - View one Disk

 
robert@laptop-ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x18bc18bc

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1        5838    46886912    7  HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2            5838        6360     4195328    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3            6360        8971    20971096   bf  Solaris
/dev/sda4            8972       14593    45158715    f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5           11582       14593    24191968+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda6            8972       11087    16996707   83  Linux
/dev/sda7           11088       11581     3968023+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition table entries are not in disk order
 

     Command - Disk Usage

robert@laptop-ubuntu:~$ df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda6             16729812  13400616   2479364  85% /
tmpfs                  1023600         0   1023600   0% /lib/init/rw
varrun                 1023600       120   1023480   1% /var/run
varlock                1023600         0   1023600   0% /var/lock
udev                   1023600      2872   1020728   1% /dev
tmpfs                  1023600       104   1023496   1% /dev/shm
lrm                    1023600      2004   1021596   1% /lib/modules/2.6.27-11-generic/volatile
/dev/sdb1             33535328     99216  33436112   1% /media/Work
/dev/sdb3             11033888   7937768   3096120  72% /media/Buffer
/dev/sdb2             33551752  23135812  10415940  69% /media/Backup
 

      Mount Disks                 

              mount ntfs, the permission is 777, however, mount fat it is 755, in addition, you can't change the permission and owner.
     mount -t ntfs /dev/sda5 /media/Work
     mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/Work
 
 If you want any user to access the partition, please use the /etc/fstab to mount the disks as follows,
 
 Add the lines to /etc/fstab,
 
      /dev/sdb1       /media/Work       vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0  0
      /dev/sdb2       /media/Backup   ntfs iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0  0
      /dev/sdb3       /media/Buffer     vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0  0


Disk Summary

              sda1(Windows:C)   sda2(OBI:Windows Recovery)  sda3(Solaris)   sda4(Extended Partition)
                                                                                                                         -----sda6(Ubuntu Ext3)   sda7(Ubuntu Swap)   sda5(Windows:D)
    sdb1(WORK)   sdb2(BACKUP)  sdb3(BUFFER)
 

Partition Diagram

 

 


 
 

4. Solaris

 
    Solaris(FAT32)(Only Fat32 can be mapped by default)
 
1). Find which file is the hard disk?
    robert@laptop-opensolaris:/dev/dsk# format
    Searching for disks...done


    AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
           0. c5t0d0
          /pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0
    Specify disk (enter its number): ^C
    So the c5t0d0 is the disk.

2). Find all of the disk files about c5t0d0.

    robert@laptop-opensolaris:/dev/dsk# ls -l | grep c5t0d0
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0p0 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:q
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0p1 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:r
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0p2 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:s
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0p3 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:t
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0p4 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:u
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s0 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:a
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s1 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:b
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s10 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:k
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s11 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:l
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s12 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:m
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s13 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:n
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s14 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:o
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s15 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:p
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s2 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:c
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s3 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:d
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s4 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:e
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s5 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:f
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s6 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:g
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s7 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:h
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s8 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:i
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 2008-10-29 14:30 c5t0d0s9 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci17aa,20a7@1f,2/disk@0,0:j

    c5t0d0p0,c5t0d0p1,c5t0d0p2,c5t0d0p3,c5t0d0p4 are the partitions.

    c5t0d0p0: While Disk
    c5t0d0p1: Windows C
    c5t0d0p2: OBI Recovery Partition
    c5t0d0p3: Solaris OS
    c5t0d0p4: Whole Extended Partition
3). Mount the Windows Partition.

    mount -F pcfs /dev/dsk/c5t0d0p2 /OBI
 
    Solaris(NTFS)(Need install softares)
 
            wget http://www.belenix.org/binfiles/FSWpart.tar.gz
            gunzip -c FSWpart.tar.gz | tar xf -
            pkgadd -d . FSWpart [点后面有个空格]
            wget http://www.belenix.org/binfiles/FSWfsmisc.tar.gz
            gunzip -c FSWfsmisc.tar.gz | tar xf -
            pkgadd -d . FSWfsmisc[点后面有个空格]
 
 
-bash-3.2# prtpart

Fdisk information for device /dev/rdsk/c4d0p0

Block Size : 512 bytes
Controller : ide
Disk       : cmdk
Capacity   : 55 GB

#  start block  # nblocks    startCylSecHd endCylSecHd   OSType
1: 0000000063   0030723777     0/ 1/ 1    ff/ff/ef      IFS: NTFS
2: 0030723840   0070096320    ff/c1/ 0    ff/ff/ef      WIN95 Extended(LBA)

  #  start block  # nblocks    startCylSecHd endCylSecHd   OSType
   5: 0000000063   0040960017    ff/ff/ef    ff/ff/ef      IFS: NTFS
   0: 0040960080   0029136240    ff/ff/ef    ff/ff/ef      DOS Extended

    #  start block  # nblocks    startCylSecHd endCylSecHd   OSType
     6: 0000000063   0029136177    ff/ff/ef    ff/ff/ef      IFS: NTFS

3: 0100820223   0016390017    ff/ff/fe    ff/ff/fe      Solaris x86

-bash-3.2# su - nova
Sun Microsystems Inc.        SunOS 5.11        snv_86        January 2008
-bash-3.2$ ls
core     Desktop
-bash-3.2$ cd D*
-bash-3.2$ ls
FSWfsmisc         FSWpart           新文件
FSWfsmisc.tar.gz  FSWpart.tar       新文件~
-bash-3.2$ su - root

-bash-3.2# prtpart /dev/rdsk/c4d0p0 -ldevs

Fdisk information for device /dev/rdsk/c4d0p0

** NOTE **
/dev/dsk/c4d0p0      - Physical device referring to entire physical disk
/dev/dsk/c4d0p1 - p4 - Physical devices referring to the 4 primary partitions
/dev/dsk/c4d0p5 ...  - Virtual devices referring to logical partitions

Virtual device names can be used to access EXT2 and NTFS on logical partitions

/dev/dsk/c4d0p1        IFS: NTFS
/dev/dsk/c4d0p2        WIN95 Extended(LBA)
/dev/dsk/c4d0p5        IFS: NTFS
/dev/dsk/c4d0p6        IFS: NTFS

/dev/dsk/c4d0p3        Solaris x86
-bash-3.2# mkdir /winnt_D
-bash-3.2# mount -F ntfs /dev/dsk/c4d0p5 /winnt_D
-bash-3.2# mkdir /winnt_E
-bash-3.2# mount -F ntfs /dev/dsk/c4d0p6 /winnt_E
-bash-3.2# df -h
rpool/ROOT/opensolaris/opt
                       7.1G   981M   3.3G    23%    /opt
rpool/export           7.1G    19K   3.3G     1%    /export
rpool/export/home      7.1G   271M   3.3G     8%    /export/home
rpool                  7.1G    57K   3.3G     1%    /rpool
rpool/ROOT             7.1G    18K   3.3G     1%    /rpool/ROOT
127.0.0.1:/            156G   156G     0K   100%    /winnt_D
127.0.0.1:/            111G   111G     0K   100%    /winnt_E
-bash-3.2# xlsmounts
  PHYSICAL DEVICE                 LOGICAL DEVICE      FS    PID         ADDR Mounted on
  /dev/dsk/c4d0p0                /dev/dsk/c4d0p5    ntfs   1633  127.0.0.1:/ /winnt_D
  /dev/dsk/c4d0p0                /dev/dsk/c4d0p6    ntfs   1645  127.0.0.1:/ /winnt_E