1.将.shp格式数据代入数据库postgis 中:
 
shp2pgsql -W"GBK" f:\XianCh_point.shp ccvv >f:\ccvv.sql
 
psql -d postgis -f f:\ccvv.sql postgres
 
表名称：ccvv
数据库名字：postgis
角色名：postgres
2.创建表空间数据库用户在pgAdmin中可设置。
1）create tablespace  dhsdpgis_tp owner postgres location ‘d:\’
2）crate database dhsdpgis_db owner postgres   TABLESPACE  dhsdpgis_tp;
3）createuser -U postgres  - P Allen
 
 
3进入数据库  cd D:\PostgreSQL\9.2\bin
 
D:\PostgreSQL\9.2\bin psql –d postgis postgres
 
创建空间表
CREATE TABLE ROADS ( ID int4, ROAD_NAME varchar(25), geom. geometry(LINESTRING,4326) );
1.插入一列（线） 
ALTER TABLE roads ADD COLUMN geom2 geometry(LINESTRINGZ,4326);
SELECT AddGeometryColumn( 'roads', 'geom', 423, 'LINESTRING', 2);
 
2.('MULTIPOLYGON') 
CREATE TABLE parks (
  park_id    INTEGER,
  park_name  VARCHAR,
  park_date  DATE,
  park_type  VARCHAR
);
SELECT AddGeometryColumn(‘模式’,'parks', 'park_geom', 128, 'MULTIPOLYGON', 2 );
3. (GEOMETRY) 
CREATE TABLE roads (
  road_id INTEGER,
  road_name VARCHAR
);
SELECT AddGeometryColumn( 'roads', 'roads_geom', 0, 'GEOMETRY', 3 );
 
 
 
 
4 
CREATE TABLE pois_ny(gid SERIAL PRIMARY KEY
   , poi_name text, cat varchar(20)
   , geom geometry(POINT,4326) );
SELECT AddGeometryColumn('pois_ny', 'geom_2160', 2160, 'POINT', 2, false);
添加点
String sql = "INSERT INTO business(名称, geom)  VALUES('cccXXXXcc集团', 'POINT("+x+" "+y+")')";       
修改点
String sql = "update " +table+ " set 名称 =' 东和盛达 2' , geom =ST_GeomFromText('POINT(" +x+ " " +y+ ")')  where gid = 4" ;  
 
geometry ST_GeomFromText(text WKT);
geometry ST_GeomFromText(text WKT, integer srid);
 
 
 
  
ST_AsEWKT(geom)包含SRID   ST_AsText(GEOM)不包含
 
5．
ST_GeomFromText('POINT(22 22)')将其转化为 geometry  类似010100000054B7AB482BB65D40D40D4D6BCEB64240
ST_AsText 转化为  类似POINT(22 22)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
获取两个面  之间最短距离的点
 
ST_ClosestPoint （geometry g1, geometry g2 ） g2 到 g1 最近的点    该点在 g1 上
SELECT ST_AsText(
ST_ClosestPoint(ST_GeomFromText(’ POLYGON((175 150, 20 40, 50 60, 125 100, 175 150))’),
ST_Buffer(ST_GeomFromText(’POINT(110 170)’), 20)))
 
SELECT  ST_AsText(ST_ClosestPoint(pt,line) 
) AS cp_pt_line, ST_AsText(ST_ClosestPoint(line,pt )) As cp_line_pt FROM (SELECT 'POINT(100 100)'::geometry  As pt, 'LINESTRING (20 80, 98 190, 110 180, 50 75 )'::geometry As line) As foo ;
结果： POINT(100 100) | POINT(73.0769230769231  115.384615384615)
或者
SELECT ST_AsText(ST_ClosestPoint(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING (20 80, 98 190, 110 180, 50 75 )'),ST_GeomFromText('POINT(100 100)') ) ) AS cp_pt_line FROM  business;
 
结果："POINT(73.0769230769231 115.384615384615)"
 
ST_Contains(A,B)    B 在 A 内
ST_Within(A,B)   A 在 B 内
 
 
 
判断 A 是否被 B 包含    ST_Within(geometry A, geometry B)
判断 A 是否包含 B      ST_Contains(geometry A, geometry B)
 判断 A 是否覆盖 B      ST_Covers(geometry A, geometry B)

 
SELECT ST_AsText(
ST_ShortestLine(’POINT(100 100) ’::geometry,’LINESTRING (20 80, 98  -190, 110 180, 50 75 )’::geometry)) As sline;sline
-----------------
LINESTRING(100 100,73.0769230769231  -
115.384615384615)
 
SELECT ST_AsText(ST_ShortestLine(ST_GeomFromText(’ POLYGON((175 150, 20 40, 50 60, 125 100, 175150))’),ST_Buffer(  -ST_GeomFromText(’POINT(110 170)’), 20))) As slinewkt;
LINESTRING(140.752120669087  125.695053378061,121.111404660392 153.370607753949)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ST_DWithin(
        ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(118.84839183778 37.4231344123688)',4326),2383),
        ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON (((118.853945599439 37.4229670850174, 118.8658 37.4225250432923, 118.853278523793 37.4326615750288, 118.853476307826 37.4231018594778, 118.853945599439 37.4229670850174)))',4326),2383),
       100
 
 
 
多边形查询   多边形内的所有点
SELECT gid, "名称", geom
  FROM business where ST_Within(business.geom,
        ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON (((118.853945599439 37.4229670850174, 118.8658 37.4225250432923, 118.853278523793 37.4326615750288, 118.853476307826 37.4231018594778, 118.853945599439 37.4229670850174)))')
) ;
 
缓冲区查询：
 
String sql = "select  *,ST_AsText(ST_Buffer(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(118.8665,37.420134)',4236),4236),2500)) as BufferFeatures from business  where ST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(geom, 4236),2383),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(118.8665,37.420134)',4236),4236),2500) ";
空间查询：
 
1.圆查：
String sql = "select *,gid,ST_GeometryType(geom),GeometryType(geom) ,ST_Area(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON((("+geometry+")))',4236),2383)) from "+layerName+"   limit 1 ";
2.拉框查询：
String sql = "select *,ST_AsText(geom) as geometry,GeometryType(geom) as geometryType from " + layerName + " where ST_Within(geom,ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON(((" + geometry + ")))'))" ;