beego orm使用

初始化

创建新beego项目
bee new test

在main.go中开始测试

模型关系
# 外键始终在子表上

#一个用户对应一个简介;一个简介对应一个用户;
one2one:User(子表) -> Profile(主表);one2one:Profile -> User 

#一个邮件对应一个用户;一个用户有多个邮件;
one2many:Post(子表) -> User(主表);many2one:User -> Post 

#一个邮件对应多个标签;一个标签对应多个邮件;
many2many:Post(子表) -> Tag(主表);many2many:Tag -> Post 
新建4个结构体
使用标签`orm:"column(id)`对属性进行标注,用于解析。
标注逻辑外键,自动建表时不会生成外键。
`orm:"rel(one)"` 表示one2one
`orm:"rel(fk)"`  表示one2many
`orm:"rel(m2m)"` 表示many2many
`orm:"reverse(one)"` `orm:"reverse(one)"`  标注反向关系
type User struct {
⇥   Id      int      `orm:"column(id);auto" description:"id"`
⇥   Name    string   `orm:"column(name)" description:"name"`
⇥   Profile *Profile `orm:"rel(one)"` // OneToOne relation
⇥   //Posts   []*Post  `orm:"reverse(many)"`  //one2many情况下,不要写reverse
}

type Profile struct {
⇥   Id  int   `orm:"column(id);auto" description:"id"`
⇥   Age int16 `orm:"column(age)" description:"age"`
⇥   //User *User `orm:"reverse(one)"` // Reverse relationship (optional)
}

type Post struct {
⇥   Id    int    `orm:"column(id);auto" description:"id"`
⇥   Title string `orm:"column(title)" description:"title"`
⇥   User  *User  `orm:"rel(fk)"`  // OneToMany relation
⇥   Tags  []*Tag `orm:"rel(m2m)"` // m2m relation
}

type Tag struct {
⇥   Id   int    `orm:"column(id);auto" description:"id"`
⇥   Name string `orm:"column(name)" description:"name"`
⇥   Posts []*Post `orm:"reverse(many)"`
}
初始化操作
//ormer
var O orm.Ormer

func init() {
⇥   //注册驱动
⇥   orm.RegisterDriver("mysql", orm.DRMySQL)
⇥   //注册默认数据库
⇥   orm.RegisterDataBase("default", "mysql", "root:root@tcp(192.168.99.100:3308)/test?charset=utf8")
⇥   //注册model
⇥   orm.RegisterModel(new(User), new(Profile), new(Post), new(Tag))
⇥   //自动建表
⇥   orm.RunSyncdb("default", false, true)
⇥   //初始化ormer
⇥   O = orm.NewOrm()
⇥   //初始化数据
⇥   datainit()

}
生成的database信息
执行之前,需要创建数据库test,并配置数据库信息,字符编码全部设置为utf8

执行:注册model,自动建表 即可得到如下信息。
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| post           |
| post_tags      |
| profile        |
| tag            |
| user           |
+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc post;
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| title   | varchar(255) | NO   |     |         |                |
| user_id | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc post_tags;
+---------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | bigint(20) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| post_id | int(11)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| tag_id  | int(11)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc profile;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| age   | smallint(6) | NO   |     | 0       |                |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc tag;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(255) | NO   |     |         |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc user;
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id         | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name       | varchar(255) | NO   |     |         |                |
| profile_id | int(11)      | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
database生成规则

1.添加rel(one)、rel(fk)的属性会生成 表名_id的字段,rel(one)时生成字段key为unique

type User struct {
    Profile *Profile `orm:"rel(one)"`
}

type Profile struct {
    User *User `orm:"reverse(one)"`  //可以省略
}
---->
mysql> desc user;
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id         | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name       | varchar(255) | NO   |     |         |                |
| profile_id | int(11)      | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

2.rel(m2m)、reverse(many)这一对字段 会生成关系对应表 子表_主表s 主键自增

type Post struct {
    Tags  []*Tag `orm:"rel(m2m)"` // m2m relation
}

type Tag struct {
    Posts []*Post `orm:"reverse(many)"`
}
---->
mysql> desc post_tags;
+---------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | bigint(20) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| post_id | int(11)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| tag_id  | int(11)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
初始化数据
func datainit() {
⇥   //rel  : 自动生成外键为 表名_id
⇥   sql1 := "insert into user (name,profile_id) values ('ming',1),('hua',2),('qiang',3);"
⇥   sql2 := "insert into profile (age) values (16),(14),(15);"
⇥   sql3 := "insert into tag (name) values ('offical'),('beta'),('dev');"
⇥   sql4 := "insert into post (title,user_id) values ('paper1',1),('paper2',1),('paper3',2),('paper4',3),('paper5',3);"
⇥   // m2m 生成的 表名:子表_主表s  主键自增
⇥   sql5 := "insert into post_tags (tag_id, post_id) values (1,1),(1,3),(2,2),(3,3),(2,4),(3,4),(3,5); "

    //使用Raw().Exec()执行sql
⇥   O.Raw(sql1).Exec()
⇥   O.Raw(sql2).Exec()
⇥   O.Raw(sql3).Exec()
⇥   O.Raw(sql4).Exec()
⇥   O.Raw(sql5).Exec()
}

查询

one2one查询
func one2one() {
⇥   //one to one :主表Profile 子表User [常用方式:使用级联查询全部数据]
⇥   fmt.Println("one2one-------------------------------")
⇥   //1.通过已知的 子表User数据,查询主表Profile数据
⇥   user := &User{Id: 1}
⇥   O.Read(user) //查询子表
⇥   if user.Profile != nil {
⇥   ⇥   O.Read(user.Profile)
⇥   }
⇥   fmt.Println("1.二次查询 user now:", user)
⇥   fmt.Println("1.二次查询 profile now:", user.Profile)
⇥   fmt.Println("-------------------------------")
⇥   //2.级联查询
⇥   user = &User{}
⇥   O.QueryTable("user").Filter("Id", 1).RelatedSel().One(user)
⇥   fmt.Println("2.级联查询 user:", user)
⇥   fmt.Println("2.级联查询 profile:", user.Profile)
⇥   fmt.Println("-------------------------------")
⇥   //3.reverse查询 通过子表条件 查询主表 ,此时并没有获取另一个表的数据
⇥   profile := Profile{}
⇥   O.QueryTable("profile").Filter("User__Id", 1).One(&profile)
⇥   fmt.Println("3.reserve 查询 profile:", profile, "条件 user id:1")

⇥   profiles := []*Profile{}
⇥   O.QueryTable("profile").Filter("User__Name", "ming").One(&profiles)
⇥   for _, a := range profiles {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("3.reserve 查询 profile:", a, "条件 user name:ming")
⇥   }
⇥   fmt.Println("-------------------------------")
}
one2many查询
func one2many() {
⇥   //one to many : 主表User 子表Post [常用方式:使用级联查询全部数据]
⇥   fmt.Println("one2many-------------------------------")
⇥   //1.级联查询
⇥   var posts []*Post
⇥   O.QueryTable("post").Filter("User__Id", 1).RelatedSel().All(&posts)
⇥   for _, v := range posts {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("1.级联查询 post:", v)
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("1.级联查询 post.user.name:", v.User.Name)
⇥   }
⇥   fmt.Println("-------------------------------")
⇥   //2.reverse 查询
⇥   var user User
⇥   err := O.QueryTable("user").Filter("Post__Title", "paper1").Limit(1).One(&user)
⇥   if err == nil {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("2.reverse 查询 user:", user)
⇥   } else {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("err:", err)
⇥   }
⇥   fmt.Println("-------------------------------")

}
many2many查询
func many2many() {
⇥   //many to many : 主表 Tag 子表Post
⇥   //1.reverse 查询
⇥   fmt.Println("many2many-------------------------------")
⇥   var posts []*Post
⇥   O.QueryTable("post").Filter("Tags__Tag__Name", "offical").All(&posts)
⇥   for _, v := range posts {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("1.reverse 查询 post:", v)
⇥   }
⇥   fmt.Println("-------------------------------")

⇥   //reverse 查询
⇥   var tags []*Tag
⇥   O.QueryTable("tag").Filter("Posts__Post__Title", "paper1").All(&tags)
⇥   for _, x := range tags {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("2.reverse 查询 tag:", x)
⇥   }
⇥   fmt.Println("-------------------------------")
⇥   //3.级联查询
⇥   //可以创建post_tags表的结构体MapPostTag,包含Post、Tag
⇥   //使用O.QueryTable("post_tags").RelatedSel().All(&MapPostTag)进行查询

}
比较

我们常用的left join 查询全部数据的两种方式:

var entry Entry
O.QueryTable("子表").RelatedSel().All(&entry)


var maps []orm.Params
sql:="xxx;"
O.Raw(sql).Values(&maps)

通过如下代码进行返回比较响应json

//定义controller
type UserController struct {
⇥   beego.Controller
}

//定义urlmap到具体方法
func (c *UserController) URLMapping() {
⇥   c.Mapping("GetAll", c.GetAll)
}

func main() {
⇥   //注册路由
⇥   beego.Router("/user", &UserController{}, "get:GetAll")
⇥   //启动
⇥   beego.Run()
}

/*
//使用relatedsel自动级联查询
func (c *UserController) GetAll() {
⇥   var users []*User
⇥   O.QueryTable("user").RelatedSel().All(&users)
⇥   c.Data["json"] = users
⇥   c.ServeJSON()
}
*/

//使用原生sql进行查询
func (c *UserController) GetAll() {
⇥   var maps []orm.Params
⇥   sql := `
⇥   ⇥   select * from user t1
⇥   ⇥   left join profile t2 on t1.profile_id=t2.id
⇥   `
⇥   O.Raw(sql).Values(&maps)
⇥   c.Data["json"] = maps
⇥   c.ServeJSON()
}


使用relatedsel自动级联查询 json:

[
  {
    "Id": 1,
    "Name": "ming",
    "Profile": {
      "Id": 1,
      "Age": 16
    }
  },
  {
    "Id": 2,
    "Name": "hua",
    "Profile": {
      "Id": 2,
      "Age": 14
    }
  },
  {
    "Id": 3,
    "Name": "qiang",
    "Profile": {
      "Id": 3,
      "Age": 15
    }
  }
]

使用原生sql进行查询 json:

[
  {
    "age": "16",
    "id": "1",
    "name": "ming",
    "profile_id": "1"
  },
  {
    "age": "14",
    "id": "2",
    "name": "hua",
    "profile_id": "2"
  },
  {
    "age": "15",
    "id": "3",
    "name": "qiang",
    "profile_id": "3"
  }
]
load related查询
func loadRelatedField() {
⇥   //适用于所有关系模型 one2one one2m m2m
⇥   fmt.Println("one2one:loadRelated---------------------")
⇥   user := User{Id: 1}
⇥   if err := O.Read(&user); err == nil {
⇥   ⇥   O.LoadRelated(&user, "Profile") //参数中写入需要关联的字段即可
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("user:", user)
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("user.profile:", user.Profile)
⇥   }

⇥   post := Post{Id: 1}
⇥   if err := O.Read(&post); err == nil {
⇥   ⇥   O.LoadRelated(&post, "Tags")
⇥   ⇥   for _, v := range post.Tags {
⇥   ⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("tag:", v)
⇥   ⇥   }
⇥   }

⇥   tag := Tag{Id: 1}
⇥   if err := O.Read(&tag); err == nil {
⇥   ⇥   O.LoadRelated(&tag, "Posts")
⇥   ⇥   for _, v := range tag.Posts {
⇥   ⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("post:", v)
⇥   ⇥   }
⇥   }

}

插入

单表插入
⇥   //单表插入
⇥   fmt.Println("单表插入-------------")
⇥   profile:=Profile{Age:18}
⇥   id,err:=O.Insert(&profile)
⇥   fmt.Println("返回插入的id:",id)
one2one one2many插入
⇥   //one2one插入
⇥   err := O.Begin() //开启事物
⇥   //插入主表
⇥   profile := Profile{Age: 19}
⇥   id, err := O.Insert(&profile)
⇥   if err != nil {
⇥   ⇥   O.Rollback()
⇥   } else {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("success insert profile")
⇥   }
⇥   //插入子表
⇥   user := User{Name: "kakaxi", Profile: &Profile{Id: int(id)}}
⇥   _, err = O.Insert(&user)
⇥   if err != nil {
⇥   ⇥   O.Rollback()
⇥   } else {
⇥   ⇥   fmt.Println("success insert user")
⇥   }
⇥   err = O.Commit()
m2m插入
    //m2m
    //比如知道一个邮件对象post,一个标记对象tag,插入他们的对应关系
    O.Begin()
    //step1:插入post,获取m2m对象
    user := User{Id: 1}
    O.Read(&user)                                    //读取user
    post := Post{Title: "kakaxi开启写轮眼了", User: &user} //拼接post
    id, err := O.Insert(&post)                       //插入post
    if err != nil {
        O.Rollback()
        return err
    } else {
        fmt.Println("insert post success")
    }
    post = Post{Id: int(id)}
    m2m := O.QueryM2M(&post, "Tags") //创建m2m对象,Tags为关联属性
    //step2:插入tag
    tag := Tag{Name: "娱乐"}
    _, err = O.Insert(&tag)
    if err != nil {
        O.Rollback()
        return err
    } else {
        fmt.Println("insert tag success")
    }
    //step3:插入关系表
    num, err := m2m.Add(&tag)
    if err != nil {
        O.Rollback()
        return err
    } else {
        fmt.Println("insert post_tags success,added nums:", num)
    }
    O.Commit()
    return nil

更新

单表更新
o := orm.NewOrm()
user := User{Id: 1}
if o.Read(&user) == nil {
    user.Name = "MyName"
    if num, err := o.Update(&user); err == nil {
        fmt.Println(num)
    }
}

// Only update Name
o.Update(&user, "Name")
// Update multiple fields
// o.Update(&user, "Field1", "Field2", ...)
更新
。。。我已经不想学更新了,直接用Raw(sql).Exec()执行吧

删除

单表删除
o := orm.NewOrm()
if num, err := o.Delete(&User{Id: 1}); err == nil {
    fmt.Println(num)
}
多表删除
。。。我也不想学删除了,直接用Raw(sql).Exec()执行吧

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