Oracle 11g静默安装简明版

环境：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4

• 1. 初步处理应答文件
• 2. 静默安装软件
• 3. 静默安装监听
• 4. 静默dbca建库

说明：

1. 本文默认安装软件前的步骤已经设置完毕
   如果没有设置，可参考 《Linux平台oracle 11g单实例 安装部署配置 快速参考》1,2,3,4步进行设置。
2. 静默安装只是不调用图形界面安装，静默安装数据库依然是调用的dbca，并不是手工建库。
   手工建库可参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/4635826.html
3. 本次演示安装的规划目录
   本次规划数据库软件安装目录：/u02/app/oracle
   本次规划数据库存储目录：/u02/oradata

1. 初步处理应答文件

1.1 先备份原应答文件

cd database/response
mkdir rspbak
cp *.rsp ./rspbak

1.2 删除应答文件中的注释行(以#开头)

#vi编辑替换或者直接使用sed命令快速替换
$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp

1.3 刪除沒有內容的空行(^$)

#vi编辑替换或者直接使用sed命令快速替换
$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

2. 静默安装软件

2.1 编辑db_install.rsp文件

$ more /u02/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=JY-DB01
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u02/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u02/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,or
acle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

2.2 静默安装软件

$ cd /u02/soft/database/
$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -responseFile /u02/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp

安装成功应有的输出提示：

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 21313 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4015 MB    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-11-30_11-40-10AM. Please wait ...[oracle@JY-DB01 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.
   CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-11-30_11-40-10AM.log
   ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-11-30_11-40-10AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
You can find the log of this install session at:
 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-11-30_11-40-10AM.log
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2015-11-30_11-40-10AM.log' for more details.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
        1. /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh


Successfully Setup Software.

2.3 按提示root用户执行脚本

# /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Check /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_JY-DB01_2015-11-30_11-48-22.log for the output of root script

注意：如果机器之前没有安装其他数据库，这里就应该是提示执行两个脚本，按具体提示执行即可。

2.4 配置环境变量

vi /home/oracle/jingyu

export ORACLE_SID=jingyu
export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export NLS_LANG="american_america.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:Mi:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/oracle/bin
echo "--------------------------"
echo "ORACLE_BASE"=$ORACLE_BASE
echo "ORACLE_HOME"=$ORACLE_HOME
echo "ORACLE_SID"=$ORACLE_SID
echo "--------------------------"
echo "NLS_LANG"=$NLS_LANG
echo "NLS_DATE_FORMAT"=$NLS_DATE_FORMAT 
echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH"=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
echo "PATH"=$PATH
echo "--------------------------"

执行source jingyu即可切换到新数据库环境变量

$ source jingyu 
--------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u02/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=jingyu
--------------------------
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
NLS_DATE_FORMAT=YYYY-MM-DD HH24:Mi:SS
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib
PATH=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/oracle/bin
--------------------------

注意：如果需要默认用户变量，则oracle用户配置~/.bash_profile文件。

3. 静默安装监听

3.1 编辑netca.rsp文件

$ more /u02/soft/database/response/netca.rsp

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

3.2 静默创建监听

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /u02/soft/database/response/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /u02/soft/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

4. 静默dbca建库

4.1 编辑dbca.rsp文件

$ more /u02/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "jingyu"
SID = "jingyu"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
[createTemplateFromDB]
SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:orcl"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"
[createCloneTemplate]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
[generateScripts]
TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"
GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"
[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
[ADDINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"
NODELIST=
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[DELETEINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"
INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

上面就可以成功建库，但绝大多数情况[CREATEDATABASE]下还需要指定一些其他参数，
因为默认的可能不符合实际要求，尤其是你创建的数据库字符集必须要按你的设计需求显示指定：

[CREATEDATABASE]
gdbName = "jingyu"
sid = "jingyu"
templateName = "General_Purpose.dbc"
characterSet = "ZHS16GBK" 
memoryPercentage = "60"
emConfiguration = "LOCAL"
sysPassword = "oracle"
systemPassword = "oracle"
dbsnmpPassword = "oracle"
sysmanPassword = "oracle"

修改引用的通用模板General_Purpose.dbc

--本次规划数据库存储目录：/u02/oradata
# mkdir -p /u02/oradata && chown oracle:oinstall /u02/oradata
--修改模板
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/
$ cp General_Purpose.dbc General_Purpose.dbc.bak
--vi替换{ORACLE_BASE}/oradata为新的存储路径/u02/oradata
$ vi General_Purpose.dbc
:%s#{ORACLE_BASE}/oradata#/u02/oradata#g   
--或者sed直接快速替换
sed -i 's#{ORACLE_BASE}/oradata#/u02/oradata#g' General_Purpose.dbc

4.2 静默创建数据库

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u02/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp

Enter SYS user password: 
 
Enter SYSTEM user password: 
 
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u02/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/jingyu/jingyu.log" for further details.

注意：如果已经在响应文件中配置sys和system密码，上面就不会提示你输入密码了。

4.3 静默删除数据库

$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB jingyu -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword oracle

Connecting to database
4% complete
9% complete
14% complete
19% complete
23% complete
28% complete
47% complete
Updating network configuration files
48% complete
52% complete
Deleting instance and datafiles
76% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u02/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/jingyu.log" for further details.

至此，Oracle数据库静默安装相关内容已经完成。