1. 字符串类型

        split通过指定分隔符分割字符串

        例子:

            name = "huang   zhong"

             print(name.split())


        strip移除字符串头部和尾部的字符,默认空格, lstrip移除左侧字符,rstrip移除右侧字符

       例子:

            name = "    alex   "

                print(name.strip())


        capitalize首字母转换成大写,字符串自身不变,生成新的字符串

        例子:

            name = "alex"

            print(name.capitalize())


        casefold将所有大写变小写,可以转换多门语言

        例子:

            name = "AleX"

            v = name.casefold()

            print(v)


        lower将所有大写变小写,只能转换英语

        例子:

             name = "AleX"

            v = name.casefold()

            print(v)

   

        center文本居中,空白处用其他字符填充,默认空白字符填充

            例子:

                name = "alex"

                v = name.center(20, '*')

                print(v)


        count子字符串在父字符串中出现的次数

            例子:

                name = "cndklsdnrfknsv"

                num = name.count("d")

                num1 = name.count("d", 5)  #从第5个索引开始计算

                num2 = name.count("d", 5, 9) #计算从第5到第9之间d出现的次数

                print(num)

                

        startswith是否以某个字符开始,是则返回True,否则返回False

            例子:

                name = "alex"

                v = name.startswith("al")

                print(v) 


        endswith是否以某个字符开始,是则返回True,否则返回False

            例子:

                name = "alex"

                v = name.startswith("ex")

                print(v)

        

        expandtabs找到制表符并替换

            例子:

                name = "nsdl\tajnfcks\tsns"

                v = name.expandtabs(20)  #替换成20个字符,不足的补空白

                print(v)


        find找到子序列的索引位置,没找到返回-1

            例子:

                name = "alex"

                v = name.find("o")    #-1

                print(v)


        index找到子序列的索引位置,没找到报错

            例子:

            name = "alex"

            v = name.index("a")

            print(v)


        format字符串格式化

            例子:

            1.str = "我是{0}, 年龄{1}, 性别{2}"

                v = str.format("alex", "19", "男")

                print(v)

            2. str = "我是{name}, 年龄{age}, 性别{sex}" 

                v = str.format(name="alex",age="19", sex="男")

                print(v)       


         isalnum是否是数字、字符、汉字, 返回True或False

         例子:

            name = "alex8汉字"

            v = name.isalnum()

            print(v)


        isdecimal,isdigit,isnumeric判断是否是数字

        例子:

            name = "二"

            v1 = name.isdecimal()  #是2才返回True

            v2 = name.isdigit()    #是2或者二都返回True

            v3 = name.isnumeric()  #是其他形式的2也返回True


        isidentifier是否是表示符

        例子:

            name = "alex"

            v = name.isidentifier()

            print(v)


        islower是否全部是小写

        例子:

            name = "ALEX"

            v = name.islower()

            print(v)


        isupper是否全部是大写

        例子:

            name = "ALEX"

            v = name.isupper()

            print(v)


        upper将所有小写转大写

        例子:

            name = "alex"

            v = name.upper()

            print(v)


        isprintable()是否包含可打印字符串

        例子:

            name = "钓鱼要钓刀鱼, \n刀鱼要到岛上钓"   #\n属于隐含不可打印字符串

            v = name.isprintable()

            print(v)


        isspace是否全部是空格

        例子:

            name = "   "

            v = name.isspace()

            print(v)


        join元素拼接, 字符串列表都可以拼接

        例子:

            name = "alex"

            v = "_".join(name)   #用"_"把name的每个字符拼接起来

            print(v)


        center, rjust,ljust左右中间填充

        例子:

            name = "alex"

            v1 = name.center(20, "*")

            v2 = name.ljust(20, "*")

            v3 = name.rjust(20, "*")

            print(v1)


        maketrans对应关系映射,translate翻译对应关系

        例子:

            m = str.maketrans('aeiou', '12345')

            name = "cbdwlrcwjmcqieqxeqw"

            v = name.translate(m)


        partition分割字符串,保留分割符

        例子:

            content = "李泉and李冰and李响"

            v = content.partition("and")

            print(v)


        replace替换字符串

        例子:

            content = "李泉and李冰and李响"

            v = content.replace("and", "or")

            v1 = content.replace("and", "or", 1)  #替换1次

            print(v)


        swapcase大小写转换

        例子:

            name = "AleX"

            v = name.swapcase()

            print(v)


        zfill填充

        例子:

            name = "alex"

            v = name.zfill(20)   #用0填充

            print(v)


2.×××

        bit_length整数所占的位数

        例子:

            age = 4

            v = age.bit_length()

            print(v)


        to_bytes获取当前数据的字节表示

        例子:

            age = 15

            v = age.to_bytes(10, byteorder="big")

            v1 = age.to_bytes(10, byteorder="little")

            print(v,v1)


3.bool数据

        只有True, False两种


4.list列表

        append追加元素

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            li.append("ee")

            print(li)


        clear清空列表

         例子:

             li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

             li.clear()

             print(li)

        

        
        copy浅拷贝

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            v = li.copy()

            print(v)


        count计数

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd", "cc"]

            v = li.count("cc")

            print(v)


        extend扩展原列表

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            li1 = ["ee", "ff"]

            li.extend(li1)

            print(li)


        index查找元素索引,没有报错

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            v = li.index("bb")

            print(v)


        pop删除元素,并返回删除的元素

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            v = li.pop(1)

            print(v)


        remove删除值

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            li.remove("bb")

            print(li)


        reverse反转列表

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            li.reverse()

            print(li)


        sort排序

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            li.sort()   #默认从小到大

            li.sort(reverse=True)  #从大到小

            print(li)


        切片

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            li[1:3]   #取第二到第三个元素

            li[0:3:2]  #取到aa, cc , 2是步长

            

        range生成有序数列, python3版本不会一次创建所有数列,而是循环迭代一次一个数字创建

        例子:

            for i in range(1,11):

                    print(i)  

            for i in range(1,11,2):     #步长是2

                    print(i)


        enumerate额外生成一列有序数字

        例子:

            li = ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]

            for i, v in enumerate(li, 1):    #初始数字从1开始,可以自己设置

                print(i, v)


4.元组不可变类型

        count获取元素出现在tuple中的次数

        例子:

            tu = ("aa", "bb", "cc", "dd","bb")

            v = tu.count("bb")

            print(v)


        index获取值的第一个索引位置

        例子:

            tu = ("aa", "bb", "cc", "dd","bb")

            v = tu.index("bb")

            print(v)



5.dict字典

        clear清空字典

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            dic.clear()

            print(dic)


        copy浅拷贝

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            v = dic.copy()

            print(v)


        get根据key获取值,不存在不报错

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            v = dic.get("k1", 111)   #不存在默认设置成111

            print(v)


        pop删除并获取对应的value

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            v = dic.pop("k2")

            print(dic)

            print(v)


        popitem随机删除键值对

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            v = dic.popitem()

            print(dic, v)

    

        setdefault增加键值对,如果存在则不操作

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            dic.setdefault("k3","v3")

            print(dic)


        update批量增加或修改

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            dic.update({"k3":"v3", "k4":"v4"})

            print(dic)


        fromkeys多键同时赋一个值

        例子:

            dic = dict.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'], 123)

            print(dic)


        append追加元素

        例子:

            dic = {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}

            dic['k3'].append("v3")

            print(dic)


6.set集合

        difference s1中存在,s2中不存在

        例子:

            s1 = {1,2,3,4}

            s2 = {1,5,6,4}

            s1.difference(s2)

            print(s1)


        difference_update  s1中存在,s2中不存在然后对s1清空重新赋值

        例子:

            s1 = {1,2,3,4}          

            s2 = {1,5,6,4}

            s1.diffenerce_update(s2)

            print(s1)


        symmetric_diffenerce s1中存在,s1中不存在,s2中存在,s1中不存在

        例子:

            s1 = {1,2,3,4}          

            s2 = {1,5,6,4}

            v = s1.symmetric_diffenerce(s2)

            print(v)


        intersection交集

        例子:

            s1 = {1,2,3,4}          

            s2 = {1,5,6,4}

            v = s1.intersection(s2)


        union并集

        例子:

            s1 = {1,2,3,4}          

            s2 = {1,5,6,4}

            v = s1.union(s2)


        discard移除

        例子:

            s1 = {1,2,3,4}

            s1.discard(2)

            print(s1)


        update更新

        例子:

            s1 = {1,2,3,4}

            s1.update({1,2,5,6})

            print(s1)