iOS自动化测试

iOS自动化测试包括 UI测试 和数据测试两个方面。
UI测试：
UITest介绍

   XCUIApplication *app = [[XCUIApplication alloc] init];
   XCUIElement *element = [[[[app.otherElements containingType:XCUIElementTypeNavigationBar identifier:@"View"] childrenMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeOther].element childrenMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeOther].element childrenMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeOther].element;
   XCUIElement *textField = [[element childrenMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeTextField] elementBoundByIndex:0];
   [textField tap];
   [textField typeText:@"Blank_佐毅"];

   XCUIElement *textField2 = [[element childrenMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeTextField] elementBoundByIndex:1];
   [textField2 tap];

   XCUIElement *moreNumbersKey = app/*@START_MENU_TOKEN@*/.keys[@"more, numbers"]/*[[".keyboards.keys[@\\\\"more, numbers\\\\"]",".keys[@\\\\"more, numbers\\\\"]"],[[[-1,1],[-1,0]]],[0]]@END_MENU_TOKEN@*/;
   [moreNumbersKey tap];
   [textField2 typeText:@"123"];
   [app.buttons[@"Login"] tap];

24.gif

   XCUIApplication。这是你正在测试的应用的代理。它能让你启动应用，这样你就能执行测试了。它每次都会新起一个进程，这会多花一些时间，但是能保证测试应用时的状态是干净的,这样你需要处理的变量就少了些。
   XCUIElement。这是你正在测试的应用中UI元素的代理。每个元素都有类型和标识符，结合二者就能找到应用中的UI元素。所有的元素都会嵌套在代表你的应用的树中。
   XCUIElementQuery。 当你想要找到某个元素时，就会用到 element query。每个 XCUIElement 里都包含一个query。这些query搜索 XCUIElement 树， 必须要找到一个匹配的。否则当你视图访问该元素时，测试就会失败。 例外是exists 属性，你可以使用这个属性来检查一个元素是否展示在树中。 这对于断言很有用。 更一般地你可以使用 XCUIElementQuery 来找到对accessibility可见的元素。Query会返回结果的集合。

数据测试(行为驱动测试)

  BDD DSL 测试

【行为驱动测试-Objc中国】(http://objccn.io/issue-15-1/)

Snip20160102_1.png

 SpecBegin 声明了一个名为StalkerSpec 测试类. SpecEnd 结束了类声明。
 describe 块声明了一组实例。
 context 块的行为类似于 describe 。
 it 是一个单一的例子 (单一测试)。
 beforeEach 是一个运行于所有同级块和嵌套块之前的块。
 可能你已经注意到，几乎在这种 DSL 中定义的所有组件由两部分都组成：一个字符串值定义了什么被测试，以及一个包含了测试其本身或者更多组件的块。这些字符串有两个非常重要的功能。
 首先，在 describe 块内，这些字符串将联系紧密的被测试的一部分特性的行为进行分组描述 。因为你可以按意愿指定任意多的嵌套块，你可以基于对象或者它们的依赖关系的上下文来编写的不同的测试。

 #define EXP_SHORTHAND
 #import "Expecta.h"
 #import "Specta.h"
 #import "NSObject+BPStalker.h"

 SpecBegin(Stalker)
 describe(@"objectWithStalker", ^{

__block NSMutableDictionary *objectToBeObserved;
__block NSObject *objectWithStalker;
__block NSString *testNotification;

beforeEach(^{
    //
    objectWithStalker = [[NSObject alloc] init];
    objectToBeObserved = [@{ @"one" : @1,@"two" : @2 } mutableCopy];
    testNotification = @"TEST_NOTIFICATION";
    
});

it(@"should have a stalker", ^{
    expect(objectWithStalker.stalker).toNot.beNil;
});

it(@"should be able to observer changes", ^{
    
    __block BOOL objectChanged = NO;
    __block NSInteger blockCalled = 0;
    
    [objectWithStalker.stalker whenPath:@"one"
                        changeForObject:objectToBeObserved
                                options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial | NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew |
                                         NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld)
                                   then:^(NSMutableDictionary *object, NSDictionary *change) {
                                       
                                       expect(object[@"one"]).to.equal(@1);
                                       blockCalled++;
                                   }];
    
    [objectWithStalker.stalker whenPath:@"two"
                        changeForObject:objectToBeObserved
                                options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial | NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew |
                                         NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld)
                                   then:^(NSMutableDictionary *object, NSDictionary *change) {
                                       
                                       blockCalled++;
                                       
                                       if (objectChanged)
                                           expect(object[@"two"]).to.equal(@3);
                                       else
                                           expect(object[@"two"]).to.equal(@2);
                                       
                                   }];
    
    objectChanged = YES;
    objectToBeObserved[@"two"] = @3;
    expect(blockCalled).to.equal(3);
});

it(@"s stalker KVO shoud be removed when it is deallocated", ^{
    
    __block NSInteger blockCalled = 0;
    
    @autoreleasepool
    {
        NSObject *objectWithStalker = [[NSObject alloc] init];
        
        [objectWithStalker.stalker whenPath:@"one"
                            changeForObject:objectToBeObserved
                                    options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial | NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew |
                                             NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld)
                                       then:^(NSMutableDictionary *object, NSDictionary *change) {
                                           
                                           blockCalled++;
                                       }];
        
        expect(blockCalled).to.equal(1);
        
        objectToBeObserved[@"one"] = @3;
        expect(blockCalled).to.equal(2);
    }
    
    objectToBeObserved[@"one"] = @4;
    objectToBeObserved[@"one"] = @10;
    
    expect(blockCalled).to.equal(2);
});

it(@"should be able to listen to notifications", ^{
    
    __block NSInteger blockCalled = 0;
    
    [objectWithStalker.stalker when:testNotification
                               then:^(NSNotification *notification) {
                                   expect(notification.object).to.equal(@1);
                                   blockCalled++;
                               }];
    expect(blockCalled).to.equal(0);
    [objectWithStalker.stalker.notificationCenter postNotificationName:testNotification object:@1];
    expect(blockCalled).to.equal(1);
});

it(@"s stalker notification observing shoud be removed when it is deallocated", ^{
    __block NSInteger blockCalled = 0;
    @autoreleasepool
    {
        NSObject *objectWithStalker = [[NSObject alloc] init];
        
        [objectWithStalker.stalker when:testNotification
                                   then:^(NSNotification *notification) {
                                       blockCalled++;
                                   }];
        expect(blockCalled).to.equal(0);
        [objectWithStalker.stalker.notificationCenter postNotificationName:testNotification object:@1];
        expect(blockCalled).to.equal(1);
    }
    [objectWithStalker.stalker.notificationCenter postNotificationName:testNotification object:@1];
    expect(blockCalled).to.equal(1);
}); });
SpecEnd

如果界面UI元素中出现中文，UITest脚本报错，使用下边方法解决：

     You can use the following workaround as this seems to be a bug in xcode:  replace all \U to \u and it should work.