八周造个CPU（?）：LED秒表实验

板子

照片

image.png

检查设备状态

其实根本就没有检查，总之插上就可以访问控制页面了。（我有一个USB接口坏了，所以之前访问不了）

image.png

实验指导书对应

• 手动时钟 → touch_btn[4]
• RST →touch_btn[5]
• 50M CLK→clk_in
• L[n] → leds[15:0]
• DPY0 →leds[23:16]，DPY1 →leds[31:24]
• SW[n] → dip_sw[n]
• RAM1 → base_ram
• RAM2 → ext_ram

用LED显示秒表

程序

Timer的程序是从实验指导书上抄的，做了一点改动，因为板子上的rst按下时为'1'。但是，诡异的是，实际效果是按下rst时秒表计数暂停，而非置0。

clock.vhd

library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

entity clock is
    Port ( clk : in STD_LOGIC;
           rst : in STD_LOGIC;
           seg1 : out UNSIGNED (6 downto 0);
           seg2 : out UNSIGNED (6 downto 0));
end clock;

architecture Behavioral of clock is
    signal clk_out: STD_LOGIC := '0';
    signal cnt: UNSIGNED(25 downto 0) := "00000000000000000000000000";
    signal cnt_H: UNSIGNED(3 downto 0) := "0000";
    signal cnt_L: UNSIGNED(3 downto 0) := "0000";
begin

    -- 时钟分频，产生1HZ时钟信号clk_out
    process(clk)
    begin
        if rising_edge(clk) then
            cnt <= cnt + "1";
            if cnt = "00000000000000000000000000" then
                clk_out <= '0';
            end if;
            if cnt = "10111110101111000010000000" then
                cnt <= "00000000000000000000000000";
                clk_out <= '1';
            end if;
        end if;
    end process;

    -- 秒表计数，分别产生十位和个位
    process(clk_out, rst)
        variable tmp_L, tmp_H: UNSIGNED(3 downto 0) := "0000";
    begin
        if rst = '1' then
            cnt_H <= "0000";
            cnt_L <= "0000";
        else
            if rising_edge(clk_out) then
                tmp_L := cnt_L + "1";
                if tmp_L > "1001" then
                    tmp_L := "0000";
                    tmp_H := cnt_H + "1";
                    if tmp_H > "1001" then
                        tmp_H := "0000";
                    end if;
                end if;
            end if;
        end if;
        cnt_L <= tmp_L;
        cnt_H <= tmp_H;
    end process;
    
    -- 个位译码到七段数码管显示
    process(cnt_L)
    begin
        case cnt_L is
            when "0000" => 
                seg1 <= not "1000000";
            when "0001" => 
                seg1 <= not "1111001";
            when "0010" => 
                seg1 <= not "0100100";
            when "0011" => 
                seg1 <= not "0110000";
            when "0100" => 
                seg1 <= not "0011001";
            when "0101" => 
                seg1 <= not "0010010";
            when "0110" => 
                seg1 <= not "0000010";
            when "0111" => 
                seg1 <= not "1111000";
            when "1000" => 
                seg1 <= not "0000000";
            when "1001" => 
                seg1 <= not "0010000";
            when others => 
                seg1 <= not "1111111";
        end case;
    end process;
    
    -- 十位译码到七段数码管显示
    process(cnt_H)
    begin
        case cnt_H is
            when "0000" => 
                seg2 <= not "1000000";
            when "0001" => 
                seg2 <= not "1111001";
            when "0010" => 
                seg2 <= not "0100100";
            when "0011" => 
                seg2 <= not "0110000";
            when "0100" => 
                seg2 <= not "0011001";
            when "0101" => 
                seg2 <= not "0010010";
            when "0110" => 
                seg2 <= not "0000010";
            when "0111" => 
                seg2 <= not "1111000";
            when "1000" => 
                seg2 <= not "0000000";
            when "1001" => 
                seg2 <= not "0010000";
            when others => 
                seg2 <= not "1111111";
        end case;
    end process;
    
end Behavioral;

test_bench.v

相比实验指导书上做了一点改动。（显然，从vhdl改到了verilog）

`timescale 1ns / 1ns
module Timer_testbench();

    reg CLOCK_50;
    reg rst;
    wire[6:0] seg1;
    wire[6:0] seg2;
    
    // The CLOCK flips every 10 ns, so the frequency is 50MHZ
    initial begin
        CLOCK_50 = 1'b0;
        forever #10 CLOCK_50 = ~CLOCK_50;
    end 
    
    initial begin
        rst = 1'b1;
        #1000 rst = 1'b0;
    end
    
    clock clock0(
        .clk(CLOCK_50),
        .rst(rst),
        .seg1(seg1),
        .seg2(seg2)
    );
    
endmodule

clock.xdc

set_property PACKAGE_PIN D18 [get_ports clk]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports clk]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H19 [get_ports rst]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports rst]

set_property PACKAGE_PIN H14 [get_ports {seg1[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H16 [get_ports {seg1[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F15 [get_ports {seg1[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H15 [get_ports {seg1[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G15 [get_ports {seg1[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G19 [get_ports {seg1[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN J8 [get_ports {seg1[6]}]

set_property PACKAGE_PIN E5 [get_ports {seg2[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D6 [get_ports {seg2[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G8 [get_ports {seg2[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G7 [get_ports {seg2[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G6 [get_ports {seg2[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F4 [get_ports {seg2[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G5 [get_ports {seg2[6]}]

set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg1[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg1[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg1[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg1[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg1[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg1[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg1[6]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg2[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg2[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg2[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg2[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg2[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg2[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {seg2[6]}]

Debug

模拟仿真

Vivado自带的仿真恐怕很辣鸡，跑了一分多钟才跑1s，简直是浪费人生。当然，平时的时域肯定比1s要小得多……

8位数码管的端口映射

调LED显示调到怀疑人生！

32位的示例工程约束文件（.xdc）里是这么写的：

#DPY0
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D16 [get_ports {leds[16]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F15 [get_ports {leds[17]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H15 [get_ports {leds[18]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G15 [get_ports {leds[19]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H16 [get_ports {leds[20]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H14 [get_ports {leds[21]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G19 [get_ports {leds[22]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN J8 [get_ports {leds[23]}]

#DPY2
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H9 [get_ports {leds[24]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G8 [get_ports {leds[25]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G7 [get_ports {leds[26]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G6 [get_ports {leds[27]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D6 [get_ports {leds[28]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN E5 [get_ports {leds[29]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F4 [get_ports {leds[30]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G5 [get_ports {leds[31]}]

所以此时的问题是，怎么把这些和8段数码管对上？好吧，8段数码管是有一套标准的映射的——（以下1表示亮，0表示暗，当然这取决于用的是什么类型的数码管了……）

数字	输出到数码管的vector
0	1000000
1	1111001
2	0100100
3	0110000
4	0011001
5	0010010
6	0000010
7	1111000
8	0000000
9	0010000

其中对（7段）数码管的默认标号大概长这样：

-----6-----
|         |
1         5
|         |
-----0-----
|         |
2         4
|         |
-----3-----

所以leds数组的编号和这个默认编号有什么关系呢？试了一圈，答案是根本没有！！（当然，也可能是他遵守了什么很高级的规定，但我根本没有理解。）

最后试出来的约束文件长这样：

# 右边的数码管
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H14 [get_ports {seg1[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H16 [get_ports {seg1[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F15 [get_ports {seg1[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H15 [get_ports {seg1[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G15 [get_ports {seg1[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G19 [get_ports {seg1[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN J8 [get_ports {seg1[6]}]
# D16应该对应小数点，但我大概用不到

# 左边的数码管
set_property PACKAGE_PIN E5 [get_ports {seg2[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN D6 [get_ports {seg2[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G8 [get_ports {seg2[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G7 [get_ports {seg2[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G6 [get_ports {seg2[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN F4 [get_ports {seg2[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G5 [get_ports {seg2[6]}]
# H9应该对应小数点，但我大概用不到

说起来，这个芯片的管脚分配也挺乱的，不知道是按照什么原则分配的。

在图形界面里一个个点着设端口映射的时候就很有安全感，比自己狂敲代码舒服一些。

现在Vivado编译到Bit Stream大概需要2分钟，不知道CPU要编译多久。

照片

秒表的效果

最后默默把博客链接放到这里……http://ilovestudy.wikidot.com/cpu-in-8-weeks-0