之前见过各种各样的安装方式，甚至所有参数都默认的情况也有，有些参数可以在线更改，但是有些参数不得不重启MySQL服务来更改，这不仅对线上环境造成影响，更对咱们运维人员的绳命造成影响（半夜起床重启服务）。因此，对于MySQL标准化安装是非常有必要的，一来对于运维人员来说，各种文件路径放在哪个位置都很清楚，二来标准化的安装可以在一开始就设定好各种参数在一个比较合理的值，尽量避免或者减少重启MySQL服务的可能。
下面介绍一下MySQL的标准化安装
一、硬件部分
Linux环境检查
- 关闭numa
- 限制设置 /etc/security/limits.conf & 网络优化
- Swap
- IO调度
- 文件系统
- selinux & iptables
下面我们一个一个来讲
1.numa
numa的关闭方法可以通过bios关闭，也可以在操作系统层面关闭，这里推荐在bios关闭。
查看是否开启numa
grep -i numa /var/log/dmesg
讲一下在操作系统怎么关闭
cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
在内核对应的位置添加numa=off或者numactl --interleave=all
2.限制设置&网络优化
查看系统设置
ulimit -a
主要注意
open files可以改成65535
max user processes可以改成65535
/etc/security/limits.d/xxx.conf
网络优化方面MySQL可以做的就比较少了，可以看博客：http://wubx.net/php-connect-mysql-hy000-2003/
3.Swap
对于swap把握两个原则：
（1）对于大内存的服务器（64G），可以完全关闭swap
（2）对于小内存的服务器，swap配置4-8G
4.IO调度
sas:deadline
ssd:noop
echo dealine >/sys/block/{DEV-NAME}/queue/scheduler
5.文件系统
数据目录：ext4或者XFS（推荐）
挂载XFS参数：
(rw, noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier)
mount -o rw,noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier /dev/sdb1 /storage
挂载ext4参数：
ext4 (rw,noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,data=ordered)
6.selinux & iptables
selinux万年坑，直接关闭吧，骚年
iptables看实际情况，如果跑在内网环境下可以不开iptables，否则还是建议开启iptables为佳。
二、软件部分
yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel
1.创建用户和用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
2.创建mysql基目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
更改文件夹所属
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
3.创建目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,logs,tmp}
更改文件夹所属
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/
4.上传安装包并解压到/usr/local/mysql
5.创建mysql配置文件my.cnf
vim my.cnf
#my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
[mysql]
prompt="\\u@\\h [\\d]>"
#pager="less -i -n -S"
#tee=/opt/mysql/query.log
no-auto-rehash #非自动补全
[mysqld]
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
event_scheduler = 0
tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp
#timeout
interactive_timeout = 300
wait_timeout = 300
#character set
character-set-server = utf8
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 100000
lower_case_table_names =1
#file
#@secure-file-priv=/tmp
#symi replication
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 # 1 second
#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1
#logs
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log-error = error.log
log_warnings = 2
pid-file = mysql.pid
long_query_time = 1
#log-slow-admin-statements = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1
#binlog
#binlog_format = STATEMENT
binlog_format = row
server-id = 1003306
log-bin = /data/mysql/logs/mysql-bin
max_binlog_size = 256M
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 10
#procedure
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
#file
secure_file_priv="/tmp"
#
gtid-mode = on
enforce-gtid-consistency=1
#relay log
skip_slave_start = 1
max_relay_log_size = 1024M
relay_log_purge = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay-log=relay-bin
relay-log-index=relay-bin.index
log_slave_updates
#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
#skip-grant-tables
#buffers & cache
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
table_open_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 128K
join_buffer_size = 128K
thread_cache_size = 200
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 256K
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
#myisam
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
#innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 1024M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
6.初始化数据库
mysql5.6:/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
mysql5.7:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize
若出现
(Can't locate Data/Dumper.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at scripts/mysql_install_db line 42.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at scripts/mysql_install_db line 42.)
执行下面命令
yum install 'perl(Data::Dumper)'
7.添加环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
8.环境变量生效
. /etc/profile
9.启动数据库服务
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
10.更改系统变量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile