Mysql数据库 mysql-bin 日志的管理与维护

在Mysql中，如果启用mysql-bin日志记录，则Mysql的变更修改都会被记录到日志文件中：

mysql> show global variables like ‘%bin%’;
+———————————+———————-+
| Variable_name                   | Value                |
+———————————+———————-+
| binlog_cache_size               | 32768                |
| innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog  | OFF                  |
| log_bin                         | ON                   |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF                  |
| max_binlog_cache_size           | 18446744073709547520 |
| max_binlog_size                 | 104857600            |
| sync_binlog                     | 0                    |
+———————————+———————-+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果使用了配置文件，则可以修改 /etc/my.cnf 把里面的log-bin这一行注释掉，重启mysql服务即可关闭bin日志的记录。

一个客户的数据库，积累了大量的bin日志：

mysql> show binary logs;
+——————+———–+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+——————+———–+
| mysql-bin.000064 |   3175623 |
| mysql-bin.000065 | 104857696 |
| mysql-bin.000066 |  30124812 |
| mysql-bin.000067 | 104857882 |
| mysql-bin.000068 | 104857829 |
| mysql-bin.000069 | 104857910 |
| mysql-bin.000070 |  29627738 |
| mysql-bin.000071 | 104857777 |
| mysql-bin.000072 | 104857857 |
| mysql-bin.000073 | 104857728 |
| mysql-bin.000074 | 104857739 |
| mysql-bin.000075 | 104857775 |
| mysql-bin.000076 | 104857686 |
| mysql-bin.000077 | 104857875 |
| mysql-bin.000078 | 104857927 |
| mysql-bin.000079 | 104857827 |
| mysql-bin.000080 | 104857856 |
| mysql-bin.000081 | 104857762 |
| mysql-bin.000082 | 104857797 |
| mysql-bin.000083 | 104857860 |
| mysql-bin.000084 | 104857751 |
| mysql-bin.000085 | 104857925 |
| mysql-bin.000086 | 104857791 |
| mysql-bin.000087 | 104857838 |
| mysql-bin.000088 | 104857749 |
| mysql-bin.000089 | 104857836 |
| mysql-bin.000090 | 104857988 |
| mysql-bin.000091 | 104857807 |
| mysql-bin.000092 | 104857691 |
| mysql-bin.000093 | 104857834 |
| mysql-bin.000094 | 104857647 |
| mysql-bin.000095 | 104857814 |
| mysql-bin.000096 | 104857830 |
| mysql-bin.000097 | 104858049 |
| mysql-bin.000098 | 104857862 |
| mysql-bin.000099 | 104858089 |
| mysql-bin.000100 | 104857760 |
| mysql-bin.000101 | 104857650 |
| mysql-bin.000102 | 104857794 |
| mysql-bin.000103 | 104857656 |
| mysql-bin.000104 | 104857961 |
| mysql-bin.000105 | 104857725 |
| mysql-bin.000106 | 104857804 |
| mysql-bin.000107 | 104857925 |
| mysql-bin.000108 | 104857717 |
| mysql-bin.000109 | 104857678 |
| mysql-bin.000110 | 104857675 |
| mysql-bin.000111 | 104857897 |
| mysql-bin.000112 | 104857947 |
| mysql-bin.000113 | 104857651 |
| mysql-bin.000114 | 104858066 |
| mysql-bin.000115 | 104857766 |
| mysql-bin.000116 | 104857719 |
| mysql-bin.000117 | 104857732 |
| mysql-bin.000118 | 104857733 |
| mysql-bin.000119 | 104857814 |
| mysql-bin.000120 | 104857763 |
| mysql-bin.000121 | 104857680 |
| mysql-bin.000122 | 104857742 |
| mysql-bin.000123 | 104858011 |
| mysql-bin.000124 | 104857708 |
| mysql-bin.000125 | 104857821 |
| mysql-bin.000126 | 104857877 |
| mysql-bin.000127 | 104857735 |
| mysql-bin.000128 | 104857781 |
| mysql-bin.000129 | 104857743 |
| mysql-bin.000130 | 104857858 |
| mysql-bin.000131 | 104857860 |
| mysql-bin.000132 | 104857809 |
| mysql-bin.000133 | 104857711 |
| mysql-bin.000134 | 104857744 |
| mysql-bin.000135 | 104857802 |
| mysql-bin.000136 | 104857672 |
| mysql-bin.000137 | 104857933 |
| mysql-bin.000138 | 104857758 |
| mysql-bin.000139 | 104857657 |
| mysql-bin.000140 | 104857664 |
| mysql-bin.000141 | 104857715 |
| mysql-bin.000142 | 104857881 |
| mysql-bin.000143 | 104857958 |
| mysql-bin.000144 | 104857917 |
| mysql-bin.000145 | 104857771 |
| mysql-bin.000146 | 104857731 |
| mysql-bin.000147 | 104857770 |
| mysql-bin.000148 | 104857864 |
| mysql-bin.000149 | 104857726 |
| mysql-bin.000150 | 104857885 |
| mysql-bin.000151 | 104857817 |
| mysql-bin.000152 | 104857909 |
| mysql-bin.000153 | 104857665 |
| mysql-bin.000154 | 104857647 |
| mysql-bin.000155 | 104857880 |
| mysql-bin.000156 | 104858010 |
| mysql-bin.000157 | 104857821 |
| mysql-bin.000158 | 104857649 |
| mysql-bin.000159 | 104857930 |
| mysql-bin.000160 | 104857856 |
| mysql-bin.000161 | 104857673 |
| mysql-bin.000162 | 104857969 |
| mysql-bin.000163 | 104857848 |
| mysql-bin.000164 | 104857656 |
| mysql-bin.000165 | 104857721 |
| mysql-bin.000166 | 104857758 |
| mysql-bin.000167 | 104857934 |
| mysql-bin.000168 | 104857753 |
| mysql-bin.000169 | 104857833 |
| mysql-bin.000170 | 104858059 |
| mysql-bin.000171 | 104857766 |
| mysql-bin.000172 | 104857865 |
| mysql-bin.000173 | 104857741 |
| mysql-bin.000174 | 104857922 |
| mysql-bin.000175 | 104857776 |
| mysql-bin.000176 | 104857720 |
| mysql-bin.000177 | 104857647 |
| mysql-bin.000178 | 104857977 |
| mysql-bin.000179 | 104857736 |
| mysql-bin.000180 | 104857725 |
| mysql-bin.000181 | 104857883 |
| mysql-bin.000182 | 104857810 |
| mysql-bin.000183 | 104857707 |
| mysql-bin.000184 | 104857799 |
| mysql-bin.000185 | 104857977 |
| mysql-bin.000186 | 104857804 |
| mysql-bin.000187 | 104857861 |
| mysql-bin.000188 | 104857665 |
| mysql-bin.000189 | 104857872 |
| mysql-bin.000190 | 104857870 |
| mysql-bin.000191 | 104857891 |
| mysql-bin.000192 | 104857742 |
| mysql-bin.000193 | 104857830 |
| mysql-bin.000194 | 104857873 |
| mysql-bin.000195 | 104857750 |
| mysql-bin.000196 | 104857669 |
| mysql-bin.000197 | 104857867 |
| mysql-bin.000198 | 104857702 |
| mysql-bin.000199 | 104857974 |
| mysql-bin.000200 | 104857866 |
| mysql-bin.000201 | 104857742 |
| mysql-bin.000202 | 104857688 |
| mysql-bin.000203 | 104857654 |
| mysql-bin.000204 | 104857895 |
| mysql-bin.000205 | 104857709 |
| mysql-bin.000206 | 104857922 |
| mysql-bin.000207 | 104858019 |
| mysql-bin.000208 | 104857790 |
| mysql-bin.000209 | 104857655 |
| mysql-bin.000210 | 104857996 |
| mysql-bin.000211 | 104857956 |
| mysql-bin.000212 | 104857659 |
| mysql-bin.000213 | 104857835 |
| mysql-bin.000214 | 104857643 |
| mysql-bin.000215 | 104857999 |
| mysql-bin.000216 | 104857770 |
| mysql-bin.000217 | 104857672 |
| mysql-bin.000218 | 104857753 |
| mysql-bin.000219 | 104857795 |
| mysql-bin.000220 | 104858032 |
| mysql-bin.000221 | 104857861 |
| mysql-bin.000222 | 104857896 |
| mysql-bin.000223 | 104857694 |
| mysql-bin.000224 | 104857747 |
| mysql-bin.000225 | 104857861 |
| mysql-bin.000226 | 104857783 |
| mysql-bin.000227 | 104857680 |
| mysql-bin.000228 | 104857882 |
| mysql-bin.000229 | 104857688 |
| mysql-bin.000230 | 104857756 |
| mysql-bin.000231 | 104857744 |
| mysql-bin.000232 | 104857759 |
| mysql-bin.000233 | 104857794 |
| mysql-bin.000234 | 104857863 |
| mysql-bin.000235 | 104858031 |
| mysql-bin.000236 | 104857902 |
| mysql-bin.000237 | 104857715 |
| mysql-bin.000238 | 104857746 |
| mysql-bin.000239 | 104857839 |
| mysql-bin.000240 | 104857845 |
| mysql-bin.000241 | 104857771 |
| mysql-bin.000242 | 104857692 |
| mysql-bin.000243 | 104857806 |
| mysql-bin.000244 | 104857927 |
| mysql-bin.000245 | 104857729 |
| mysql-bin.000246 | 104857961 |
| mysql-bin.000247 | 104857687 |
| mysql-bin.000248 | 104857872 |
| mysql-bin.000249 | 104857881 |
| mysql-bin.000250 | 104858045 |
| mysql-bin.000251 | 104857817 |
| mysql-bin.000252 | 104857901 |
| mysql-bin.000253 | 104858075 |
| mysql-bin.000254 | 104857730 |
| mysql-bin.000255 | 104857756 |
| mysql-bin.000256 | 104857927 |
| mysql-bin.000257 | 104857892 |
| mysql-bin.000258 | 104857738 |
| mysql-bin.000259 | 104857914 |
| mysql-bin.000260 | 104857774 |
| mysql-bin.000261 | 104857892 |
| mysql-bin.000262 | 104857941 |
| mysql-bin.000263 | 104857845 |
| mysql-bin.000264 | 104857732 |
| mysql-bin.000265 | 104857881 |
| mysql-bin.000266 | 104857782 |
| mysql-bin.000267 | 104857927 |
| mysql-bin.000268 | 104857881 |
| mysql-bin.000269 | 104857791 |
| mysql-bin.000270 | 104857749 |
| mysql-bin.000271 | 104857777 |
| mysql-bin.000272 | 104857879 |
| mysql-bin.000273 | 104857767 |
| mysql-bin.000274 | 104858094 |
| mysql-bin.000275 | 104858023 |
| mysql-bin.000276 | 104857726 |
| mysql-bin.000277 | 104857810 |
| mysql-bin.000278 | 104857868 |
| mysql-bin.000279 | 104857861 |
| mysql-bin.000280 | 104857695 |
| mysql-bin.000281 | 104857974 |
| mysql-bin.000282 | 104857873 |
| mysql-bin.000283 | 104857787 |
| mysql-bin.000284 | 104857778 |
| mysql-bin.000285 | 104857901 |
| mysql-bin.000286 | 104857999 |
| mysql-bin.000287 | 104857860 |
| mysql-bin.000288 | 104857698 |
| mysql-bin.000289 | 104857773 |
| mysql-bin.000290 | 104857751 |
| mysql-bin.000291 | 104857741 |
| mysql-bin.000292 | 104857926 |
| mysql-bin.000293 | 104857693 |
| mysql-bin.000294 | 104857684 |
| mysql-bin.000295 | 104857892 |
| mysql-bin.000296 | 104857697 |
| mysql-bin.000297 | 104857985 |
| mysql-bin.000298 | 104857656 |
| mysql-bin.000299 | 104857683 |
| mysql-bin.000300 | 104857695 |
| mysql-bin.000301 | 104857646 |
| mysql-bin.000302 | 104857812 |
| mysql-bin.000303 |  92771646 |
+——————+———–+
240 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果没有主从复制，可以通过reset master的方式，重置数据库日志，清除之前的日志文件：

mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (8.51 sec)

但是如果存在复制关系，应当通过PURGE的方式来清理bin日志：
语法如下：

PURGE {MASTER | BINARY} LOGS TO ‘log_name’
PURGE {MASTER | BINARY} LOGS BEFORE ‘date’

用于删除列于在指定的日志或日期之前的日志索引中的所有二进制日志。这些日志也会从记录在日志索引文件中的清单中被删除，这样被给定的日志成为第一个。

例如：

PURGE MASTER LOGS TO ‘mysql-bin.010′;
PURGE MASTER LOGS BEFORE ’2008-06-23 15:00:00′;

清除3天前的 binlog
PURGE MASTER LOGS BEFORE DATE_SUB( NOW( ), INTERVAL 3 DAY);
BEFORE变量的date自变量可以为’YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss’格式。MASTER和BINARY是同义词。

如果您有一个活性的从属服务器，该服务器当前正在读取您正在试图删除的日志之一，则本语句不会起作用，而是会失败，并伴随一个错误。不过，如果从属服务器是休止的，并且您碰巧清理了其想要读取的日志之一，则从属服务器启动后不能复制。当从属服务器正在复制时，本语句可以安全运行。您不需要停止它们。

要清理日志，需按照以下步骤：

1. 在每个从属服务器上，使用SHOW SLAVE STATUS来检查它正在读取哪个日志。
2. 使用SHOW MASTER LOGS获得主服务器上的一系列日志。
3. 在所有的从属服务器中判定最早的日志。这个是目标日志。如果所有的从属服务器是更新的，这是清单上的最后一个日志。
4. 制作您将要删除的所有日志的备份。（这个步骤是自选的，但是建议采用。）
5. 清理所有的日志，但是不包括目标日志,因为从服务器还要跟它同步

常用的命令：

    mysql>show slave hosts — 查看所有连接到Master的Slave信息
mysql>show master status — 查看Master状态信息
mysql>show slave status — 查看Slave状态信息
mysql>show binary logs — 查看所有二进制日志
mysql>show binlog events [IN log_file] — 查看二进制日志中的事件