runoob-docker教程
总结
查看ip
docker inspect 容器ID或容器名 | grep '"IPAddress"'
查看容器运行状态(cpu和内存这些)
docker stats
进入容器内进行命令行操作
docker exec -it content-name-or-id /bin/bash
使用nginx
docker run -p 80:80 --name mynginx -v $PWD/www:/www -v $PWD/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v $PWD/logs:/wwwlogs -d nginx
使用php
docker run -p 9000:9000 --name myphp-fpm -v /home/tian_projects/docker_projects/nginx/www:/www -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs -d php:7.2-fpm
php和nginx结合
# 复制主机文件到容器里面去
docker cp /home/custom_packages/80.conf d12928c083d3:/etc/nginx/conf.d
# 添加文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/80.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#server_name _;
error_log /wwwlogs/error_nginx.log error;
access_log /wwwlogs/access_nginx.log combined;
#access_log /data/wwwlogs/access_nginx.log combined;
#root /data/wwwroot/default/weiqing;
root /www;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
#error_page 404 /404.html;
#error_page 502 /502.html;
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
try_files $uri =404;
#fastcgi_pass remote_php_ip:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 172.18.0.4:9000;#docker inspect 容器ID或容器名 | grep '"IPAddress"'
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
#include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|flv|mp4|ico)$ {
expires 30d;
access_log off;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
expires 7d;
access_log off;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
使用mysql
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7.21
连接mysql:
mysql -uroot -p -h 172.18.0.2
使用redis
docker run -p 6379:6379 -v $PWD/data:/data -d redis:4.0.9 redis-server --appendonly yes
Docker 安装 Nginx
方法一、通过 Dockerfile构建【没走通】
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录nginx,用于存放后面的相关东西。
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# mkdir nginx
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# ls
nginx thc_centos
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# cd nginx/
[root@VM_0_7_centos nginx]# mkdir -p www logs conf
[root@VM_0_7_centos nginx]# ls
conf logs www
[root@VM_0_7_centos nginx]#
www 目录将映射为 nginx 容器配置的虚拟目录
logs 目录将映射为 nginx 容器的日志目录
conf 目录里的配置文件将映射为 nginx 容器的配置文件
进入创建的 nginx 目录，创建 Dockerfile
FROM debian:jessie
MAINTAINER NGINX Docker Maintainers "[email protected]"
ENV NGINX_VERSION 1.10.1-1~jessie
RUN apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu:80 --recv-keys 573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62 \
&& echo "deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ jessie nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
&& apt-get update \
&& apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y \
ca-certificates \
nginx=${NGINX_VERSION} \
nginx-module-xslt \
nginx-module-geoip \
nginx-module-image-filter \
nginx-module-perl \
nginx-module-njs \
gettext-base \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# forward request and error logs to docker log collector
RUN ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log \
&& ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log
EXPOSE 80 443
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
通过 Dockerfile 创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
docker build -t lwj-nginx .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像
[root@VM_0_7_centos nginx]# docker images lwj-nginx
方法二、docker pull nginx
查找Docker Hub上的nginx镜像
[root@VM_0_7_centos nginx]# docker search nginx
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 8341 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 1316 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 546 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as... 348 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/kong Open-source Microservice & API Management ... 176 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 99 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/kitematic/hello-world-nginx A light-weight nginx container that demons... 97
docker.io docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server ... 50 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 48 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by Linu... 34
docker.io docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 33 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tobi312/rpi-nginx NGINX on Raspberry Pi / armhf 19 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/nginxdemos/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes . ... 10
docker.io docker.io/wodby/drupal-nginx Nginx for Drupal container image 9 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 8 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/nginx Nginx container 8 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building... 6
docker.io docker.io/nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page ... 6 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Te... 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or buildin... 3
docker.io docker.io/behance/docker-nginx Provides base OS, patches and stable nginx... 2 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/pebbletech/nginx-proxy nginx-proxy sets up a container running ng... 2 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/toccoag/openshift-nginx Nginx reverse proxy for Nice running on sa... 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/travix/nginx NGinx reverse proxy 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 0 [OK]
这里我们拉取官方的镜像
[root@VM_0_7_centos nginx]# docker pull nginx
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 nginx 的镜像。
使用nginx镜像
运行容器
docker 部署简单nginx服务器, 用来查看nginx的配置
[root@VM_0_7_centos nginx]# docker run -p 80:80 --name mynginx -v $PWD/www:/www -v $PWD/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v $PWD/logs:/wwwlogs -d nginx
d72dae16fc28922fa2a6b9c59c1e8051fc40414d5e104d0ba525e4362461714a
docker run -p 80:80 --name mynginx -v $PWD/www:/www -v $PWD/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v $PWD/logs:/wwwlogs -d nginx
命令说明：
-p 80:80：将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口
--name mynginx：将容器命名为mynginx
-v $PWD/www:/www：将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的/www
-v $PWD/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf：将主机中当前目录下的nginx.conf挂载到容器的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
-v $PWD/logs:/wwwlogs：将主机中当前目录下的logs挂载到容器的/wwwlogs
查看容器启动情况
docker ps
问题
CentOS7 环境下因为宿主的 SELINUX，导致在nginx容器内无法访问配置文件(default.conf)，进而容器无法提供web服务
#############方法一#############
#在宿主主机关闭SELINUX
#临时关闭
setenforce 0
#永久关闭 修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件
SELINUX=disabled
#############方法二#############
#以特权方式运行容器
#--privileged参数为true
docker run -it --privileged=true -d nginx
Docker 安装 PHP
安装 PHP 镜像
方法一、通过 Dockerfile 构建(没走过)
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录 php-fpm,用于存放后面的相关东西。
logs 目录将映射为 php-fpm 容器的日志目录
conf 目录里的配置文件将映射为 php-fpm 容器的配置文件
进入创建的 php-fpm 目录，创建Dockerfile
方法二、docker pull php
查找Docker Hub上的php镜像
[root@VM_0_7_centos php-fpm]# docker search php
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/php While designed for web development, the PH... 3306 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 546 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB. 499 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/php-zendserver Zend Server - the integrated PHP applicati... 139 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/eboraas/apache-php PHP5 on Apache (with SSL support), built o... 136 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 99 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/adminer Database management in a single PHP file. 89 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php-apache Apache with PHP-FPM (based on webdevops/php) 61 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/nazarpc/phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin as Docker container, based on o... 57 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/phpunit/phpunit PHPUnit is a programmer-oriented testing f... 57 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php-apache-dev PHP with Apache for Development (eg. with ... 50 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 33 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tetraweb/php PHP 5.5, 5.6, 7.0, 7.1 for CI and running ... 28 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php PHP (FPM and CLI) service container 19 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/wodby/drupal-php PHP for Drupal 18 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ... 12
docker.io docker.io/clinta/phpipam phpIPAM web IP address management applicat... 10 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/phpdocker/phpdocker PHP, MariaDB, Composer, PHP CodeSniffer. 10 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/graze/php-alpine Smallish php7 alpine image with some commo... 9 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/antage/apache2-php5 Docker image for running Apache 2.x with P... 7 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/appsvc/php Azure App Service php dockerfiles 5 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mariadb-10 ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mariadb-10 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/lephare/php PHP container 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/phundament/php [outdated] Phundament 4 php:cli and php:fp... 2
docker.io docker.io/isotopab/php Docker PHP 0 [OK]
这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为 7.2-fpm
[root@VM_0_7_centos php-fpm]# docker pull php:7.2-fpm
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/php ...
7.2-fpm: Pulling from docker.io/library/php
2a72cbf407d6: Already exists
273cd543cb15: Pull complete
ec5ac8875de7: Pull complete
9106e19b56c1: Pull complete
f5bfa49de57b: Pull complete
02533b64e490: Pull complete
14b800eb89aa: Pull complete
62e13360729f: Pull complete
00641a36dbf8: Pull complete
9afd84ead553: Pull complete
53f2faacdb80: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4a5e68ee8d642e9e5931002edb1c21f38c9b49fc27509210fedee5f165a02326
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/php:7.2-fpm
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 php ,标签为 7.2-fpm 的镜像。
[root@VM_0_7_centos php-fpm]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
8c6094b2c286 18 hours ago 123 MB
runoob/centos 6.7 796850755210 22 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/centos dev 796850755210 22 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 4ddf6452c51c 23 hours ago 137 MB
docker.io/nginx latest b175e7467d66 6 days ago 109 MB
docker.io/php 7.2-fpm b2ac9b4ec07b 12 days ago 372 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/debian jessie 5dd74d62fab8 4 weeks ago 123 MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn v0.10 62db6828e252 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/brookshi/hitchhiker v0.10 ef0575e6ef11 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/centos 6.7 000c5746fa52 5 months ago 191 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 21 months ago 137 MB
docker.io/training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 2 years ago 349 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 13.10 7f020f7bf345 3 years ago 185 MB
使用php-fpm镜像
运行容器
[root@VM_0_7_centos php-fpm]# docker run -p 9000:9000 --name myphp-fpm -v /home/tian_projects/docker_projects/nginx/www:/www -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs -d php:7.2-fpm
375bc0c12e94440f0464e5f85727093cb9752c006048f4029f10554521b8e622
docker run -p 9000:9000 --name myphp-fpm -v /home/tian_projects/docker_projects/nginx/www:/www -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs -d php:7.2-fpm
runoob@runoob:~/php-fpm$ docker run -p 9000:9000 --name myphp-fpm -v ~/nginx/www:/www -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs -d php:5.6-fpm
00c5aa4c2f93ec3486936f45b5f2b450187a9d09acb18f5ac9aa7a5f405dbedf
命令说明:
-p 9000:9000 :将容器的9000端口映射到主机的9000端口
--name myphp-fpm :将容器命名为
myphp-fpm-v ~/nginx/www:/www :将主机中项目的目录
www挂载到容器的/www-v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php ：将主机中当前目录下的
conf目录挂载到容器的/usr/local/etc/php-v $PWD/logs:/phplogs ：将主机中当前目录下的
logs目录挂载到容器的/phplogs
查看容器启动情况
[root@VM_0_7_centos php-fpm]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
375bc0c12e94 php:7.2-fpm "docker-php-entryp..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp myphp-fpm
a1b4a3793088 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn:v0.10 "pm2-docker index.js" 24 hours ago Up 8 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:11010->11010/tcp hitchhiker
92e926a4c155 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 26 hours ago Up 8 hours 3306/tcp hitchhiker-mysql
通过浏览器访问 phpinfo()
PS:此处是通过 nginx+php 实现web服务，nginx 配置文件的 fastcgi_pass 应该配置为 myphp-fpm 容器的IP。
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.4:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www$fastcgi_script_name;# 特别注意这个是容器里面的Nginx 配置中的 SCRIPT_FILENAME 要和容器中保持一致才行(docker run -p 9000:9000 --name myphp-fpm -v /home/tian_projects/docker_projects/nginx/www:/www -v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/etc/php -v $PWD/logs:/phplogs -d php:7.2-fpm)
include fastcgi_params;
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
[参考](https://icewing.cc/post/docker-use-php-fpm.html)
容器IP的查方法
docker inspect 容器ID或容器名 |grep '"IPAddress"'
查看加载的 php.ini
root@375bc0c12e94:/usr/local/etc/php# php -i|grep php.ini
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/etc/php
Docker 安装 MySQL
方法一、通过 Dockerfile构建
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录mysql,用于存放后面的相关东西。
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# mkdir mysql
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# cd mysql/
[root@VM_0_7_centos mysql]# mkdir -p data logs conf
[root@VM_0_7_centos mysql]# ls
conf data logs
data 目录将映射为mysql容器配置的数据文件存放路径
logs 目录将映射为mysql容器的日志目录
conf 目录里的配置文件将映射为mysql容器的配置文件
进入创建的 mysql 目录，创建 Dockerfile
Dockerfile 内容
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
docker build -t mysql .
方法二、docker pull mysql
查找Docker Hub上的mysql镜像
[root@VM_0_7_centos mysql]# docker search mysql
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 6009 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M... 1893 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea... 428 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela... 335 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql Zabbix Server with MySQL database support 94 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/hypriot/rpi-mysql RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql 80
这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为 5.7.21
[root@VM_0_7_centos default]# docker pull mysql:5.7.21
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ...
5.7.21: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
Digest: sha256:691c55aabb3c4e3b89b953dd2f022f7ea845e5443954767d321d5f5fa394e28c
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:5.7.21
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 mysql ,标签为 5.7.21 的镜像。
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
8c6094b2c286 36 hours ago 123 MB
runoob/centos 6.7 796850755210 40 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/centos dev 796850755210 40 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 4ddf6452c51c 41 hours ago 137 MB
docker.io/nginx latest b175e7467d66 7 days ago 109 MB
docker.io/php 7.2-fpm b2ac9b4ec07b 13 days ago 372 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7.21 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/debian jessie 5dd74d62fab8 5 weeks ago 123 MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn v0.10 62db6828e252 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/brookshi/hitchhiker v0.10 ef0575e6ef11 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/centos 6.7 000c5746fa52 5 months ago 191 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 21 months ago 137 MB
docker.io/training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 2 years ago 349 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 13.10 7f020f7bf345 3 years ago 185 MB
使用mysql镜像
运行容器
[root@VM_0_7_centos mysql]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7.21
d6a2377f2eebd967687631f4e15ab86ed63711bf58bd98676668e89298da9d0d
命令说明：
-p 3306:3306：将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口
-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的
conf/my.cnf挂载到容器的/etc/mysql/my.cnf-v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的
logs目录挂载到容器的/logs
-v $PWD/data:/mysql_data：将主机当前目录下的 data 目录挂载到容器的 /mysql_data
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化root用户的密码
查看容器启动情况
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
52fe1969cce5 mysql:5.7.21 "docker-entrypoint..." About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mymysql
a1b4a3793088 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn:v0.10 "pm2-docker index.js" 42 hours ago Up 26 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:11010->11010/tcp hitchhiker
92e926a4c155 mysql:5.7
容器IP的查方法
docker inspect 容器ID或容器名 |grep '"IPAddress"'
登录mysql
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker inspect 52fe1969cce5 |grep '"IPAddress"'
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# mysql -uroot -p -h 172.18.0.2
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>
Docker 安装 Python
方法一、通过 Dockerfile 构建
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录python,用于存放后面的相关东西。
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# mkdir python
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# cd python/
[root@VM_0_7_centos python]# ls
[root@VM_0_7_centos python]# mkdir -p myapp
[root@VM_0_7_centos python]# ls
myapp
myapp 目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录
进入创建的python目录，创建Dockerfile
Dockerfile 文件
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
docker build -t python:3.5 .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像
docker images python:3.5
方法二、docker pull python:3.6
[root@VM_0_7_centos python]# docker pull python:3.6
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/python ...
3.6: Pulling from docker.io/library/python
f2b6b4884fc8: Already exists
4fb899b4df21: Pull complete
74eaa8be7221: Pull complete
2d6e98fe4040: Pull complete
414666f7554d: Pull complete
7e765f6e07f8: Pull complete
6f02823cd02e: Pull complete
9239d3c3d426: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:068691633d8f128035ffcca41dc7cf616ca776486a0ff932a61ea131f2d0a2f9
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/python:3.6
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 python ,标签为 3.6 的镜像。
[root@VM_0_7_centos python]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
8c6094b2c286 36 hours ago 123 MB
runoob/centos 6.7 796850755210 40 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/centos dev 796850755210 40 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 4ddf6452c51c 41 hours ago 137 MB
docker.io/nginx latest b175e7467d66 7 days ago 109 MB
docker.io/php 7.2-fpm b2ac9b4ec07b 13 days ago 372 MB
docker.io/python 3.6 efb6baa1169f 2 weeks ago 691 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7.21 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/debian jessie 5dd74d62fab8 5 weeks ago 123 MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn v0.10 62db6828e252 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/brookshi/hitchhiker v0.10 ef0575e6ef11 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/centos 6.7 000c5746fa52 5 months ago 191 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 21 months ago 137 MB
docker.io/training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 2 years ago 349 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 13.10 7f020f7bf345 3 years ago 185 MB
使用python镜像
在 ~/python/myapp 目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件，代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
print("Hello, World!");
运行容器
[root@VM_0_7_centos python]# docker run -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.6 python helloworld.py
Hello, World!
命令说明：
-v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的
myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp-w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的
/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的
helloworld.py文件
Docker 安装 Redis
方法一、通过 Dockerfile 构建
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录 redis ,用于存放后面的相关东西。
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# mkdir redis
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# ls
mysql nginx php-fpm python redis thc_centos
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# cd redis/
[root@VM_0_7_centos redis]# mkdir -p data
[root@VM_0_7_centos redis]# ls
data
data 目录将映射为redis容器配置的 /data 目录,作为redis数据持久化的存储目录
进入创建的redis目录，创建Dockerfile
Dockerfile文件
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
docker build -t redis:4.0.9 .
方法二、docker pull redis:4.0.9
查找Docker Hub上的redis镜像
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker search redis
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/redis Redis is an open source key-value store th... 5041 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/redis Bitnami Redis Docker Image 71 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/sameersbn/redis 66 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tenstartups/redis-commander 32 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/hypriot/rpi-redis Raspberry Pi compatible redis image 31
docker.io docker.io/kubeguide/redis-master redis-master with "Hello World!" 21
docker.io docker.io/kubeguide/guestbook-redis-slave Guestbook redis slave 17
docker.io docker.io/tutum/redis Base docker image to run a Redis server 10
docker.io docker.io/webhippie/redis Docker images for redis 8 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/arm32v7/redis Redis is an open source key-value store th... 5
docker.io docker.io/rtoma/logspout-redis-logstash Logspout including Redis adapter for sendi... 5
docker.io docker.io/oliver006/redis_exporter Prometheus Exporter for Redis Metrics. Su... 4
docker.io docker.io/rediscommander/redis-commander Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis m... 3 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/redis-32-centos7 Redis in-memory data structure store, used... 2
docker.io docker.io/dynomitedb/redis Redis backend for DynomiteDB. 2 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/frodenas/redis A Docker Image for Redis 2 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tomesar/redis-arm Redis for ARM! 2 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/google/guestbook-python-redis A simple guestbook example written in Pyth... 1
docker.io docker.io/kilsoo75/redis-master This image is for the redis master of SK C... 1
docker.io docker.io/tiredofit/redis Redis Server w/ Zabbix monitoring and S6 O... 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/ajmath/fluentd-redis Use fluentd logs to send docker logs to re... 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/anchorfree/redis redis cache server for logging 0
docker.io docker.io/brendangibat/docker-logspout-redis Docker Logspout container with Logspout-Re... 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/iadvize/redis 0
docker.io docker.io/sstarcher/fluent-redis-aws https://github.com/sstarcher/docker-fluent... 0 [OK]
这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为 4.0.9
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker pull redis:4.0.9
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/redis ...
4.0.9: Pulling from docker.io/library/redis
b0568b191983: Pull complete
6637dc5b29fe: Pull complete
7b4314315f15: Pull complete
2fd86759b5ff: Pull complete
0f04862b5a3b: Pull complete
2db0056aa977: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d33df422e02cd24de510ebb60a4095875dcfb5f12c1df921c54cedc7cecf1bc0
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/redis:4.0.9
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 redis ,标签为 4.0.9 的镜像。
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
runoob/centos 6.7 796850755210 42 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/centos dev 796850755210 42 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 4ddf6452c51c 43 hours ago 137 MB
docker.io/nginx latest b175e7467d66 7 days ago 109 MB
docker.io/php 7.2-fpm b2ac9b4ec07b 13 days ago 372 MB
docker.io/python 3.6 efb6baa1169f 2 weeks ago 691 MB
docker.io/redis 4.0.9 c5355f8853e4 3 weeks ago 107 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7.21 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/debian jessie 5dd74d62fab8 5 weeks ago 123 MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn v0.10 62db6828e252 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/brookshi/hitchhiker v0.10 ef0575e6ef11 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/centos 6.7 000c5746fa52 5 months ago 191 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 21 months ago 137 MB
docker.io/training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 2 years ago 349 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 13.10 7f020f7bf345 3 years ago 185 MB
使用redis镜像
运行容器
[root@VM_0_7_centos redis]# docker run -p 6379:6379 -v $PWD/data:/data -d redis:4.0.9 redis-server --appendonly yes
54f7813a4eab5c7d995d83dbbb735c1f5f1848d18089133d896e2655c2386b33
命令说明：
-p 6379:6379 : 将容器的
6379端口映射到主机的6379端口-v $PWD/data:/data : 将主机中当前目录下的
data挂载到容器的/dataredis-server --appendonly yes : 在容器执行
redis-server启动命令，并打开redis持久化配置
查看容器启动情况
[root@VM_0_7_centos redis]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
54f7813a4eab redis:4.0.9 "docker-entrypoint..." About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp romantic_goldstine
a1b4a3793088 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn:v0.10 "pm2-docker index.js" 44 hours ago Up 28 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:11010->11010/tcp hitchhiker
92e926a4c155 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 46 hours ago Up 28 hours 3306/tcp hitchhiker-mysql
连接、查看容器
容器IP的查方法
docker inspect 容器ID或容器名 |grep '"IPAddress"'
使用redis镜像执行 redis-cli 命令连接到刚启动的容器,主机IP为 172.18.0.2
[root@VM_0_7_centos redis]# docker inspect 54f7813a4eab |grep '"IPAddress"'
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
[root@VM_0_7_centos redis]# docker exec -it 54f7813a4eab redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
redis-cli -h xxxxx -p xxxx
Docker 安装 MongoDB
方法一、通过 Dockerfile 构建
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录mongo,用于存放后面的相关东西。
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# mkdir -p mongo mongo/db
[root@VM_0_7_centos docker_projects]# ls
mongo mysql nginx php-fpm python redis thc_centos
db 目录将映射为mongo容器配置的 /data/db 目录,作为mongo数据的存储目录
进入创建的mongo目录，创建Dockerfile
Dockerfile文件
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
docker build -t mongo:3.7 .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像
docker images mongo:3.7
方法二、docker pull mongo:3.7
查找Docker Hub上的mongo镜像
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker search mongo
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/mongo MongoDB document databases provide high av... 4356 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mongo-express Web-based MongoDB admin interface, written... 241 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tutum/mongodb MongoDB Docker image – listens in port 270... 223 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mvertes/alpine-mongo light MongoDB container 72 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mongoclient/mongoclient Official docker image for Mongoclient, fea... 50 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/mongodb Bitnami MongoDB Docker Image 31 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/frodenas/mongodb A Docker Image for MongoDB 17 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/mongooseim/mongooseim Small docker image for MongooseIM - robust... 15
docker.io docker.io/mongooseim/mongooseim-docker MongooseIM server the latest stable version 10 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/mongodb-26-centos7 MongoDB NoSQL database server 5
docker.io docker.io/istepanov/mongodump Docker image with mongodump running as a c... 5 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/mongodb-32-centos7 MongoDB NoSQL database server 4
docker.io docker.io/cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar Kubernetes side car to setup and maintain ... 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/eses/mongodb_exporter mongodb exporter for prometheus 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/khezen/mongo MongoDB Docker image supporting RocksDB st... 4 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/19hz/mongo-container Mongodb replicaset for coreos 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/alino/coreos-mongodb-cluster mongo 3.0 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/circleci/mongo MongoDB document databases provide high av... 1
docker.io docker.io/ekesken/mongo docker image for mongo that is configurabl... 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/extremeprog/mongo-sites-api mongo-sites-api automated build 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/openshift/mongodb-24-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MongoDB v2.4 i... 1
docker.io docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mongodb-apb An APB to deploy MongoDB. 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/os33/go-mongo go and mongo package for testing 0
docker.io docker.io/quilt/mongo MongoDB container for quilt.io 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/xogroup/mongodb_backup_gdrive Docker image to create a MongoDB database ... 0 [OK]
这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为 3.7
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker pull mongo:3.7
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mongo ...
3.7: Pulling from docker.io/library/mongo
b0568b191983: Already exists
1e8b5b4e67a0: Pull complete
a87b29dbb553: Pull complete
908c259a6a99: Pull complete
2fdec16e62a3: Pull complete
5cb50b2324f0: Pull complete
11cea85d02c1: Pull complete
84e65a0fdd30: Pull complete
5bdba759557f: Pull complete
07e712ef3a90: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:56ad872fa90fd3254a43f1dedb52b25ecf5694a54d08b673f9f8f2aebc4a0b83
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mongo:3.7
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 mongo,标签为 3.7 的镜像。
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker images mongo
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mongo 3.7 b42dafd89c83 4 weeks ago 375 MB
[root@VM_0_7_centos vhost]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
runoob/centos 6.7 796850755210 43 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/centos dev 796850755210 43 hours ago 191 MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 4ddf6452c51c 43 hours ago 137 MB
docker.io/nginx latest b175e7467d66 7 days ago 109 MB
docker.io/php 7.2-fpm b2ac9b4ec07b 13 days ago 372 MB
docker.io/python 3.6 efb6baa1169f 2 weeks ago 691 MB
docker.io/redis 4.0.9 c5355f8853e4 3 weeks ago 107 MB
docker.io/mongo 3.7 b42dafd89c83 4 weeks ago 375 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7.21 5195076672a7 4 weeks ago 371 MB
docker.io/debian jessie 5dd74d62fab8 5 weeks ago 123 MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn v0.10 62db6828e252 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/brookshi/hitchhiker v0.10 ef0575e6ef11 5 weeks ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/centos 6.7 000c5746fa52 5 months ago 191 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 21 months ago 137 MB
docker.io/training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 2 years ago 349 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 13.10 7f020f7bf345 3 years ago 185 MB
使用mongo镜像
运行容器
[root@VM_0_7_centos mongo]# docker run -p 27017:27017 -v $PWD/db:/data/db -d mongo:3.7
8899031988d12f653de71a75ce22730d11c71cdc74b6376fe6968e03eda35c2a
命令说明：
-p 27017:27017 :将容器的27017 端口映射到主机的27017 端口
-v $PWD/db:/data/db :将主机中当前目录下的db挂载到容器的
/data/db，作为mongo数据存储目录
查看容器启动情况
[root@VM_0_7_centos mongo]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8899031988d1 mongo:3.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 47 seconds ago Up 46 seconds 0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp angry_cori
a1b4a3793088 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/brook/hitchhiker-cn:v0.10 "pm2-docker index.js" 44 hours ago Up 28 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:11010->11010/tcp hitchhiker
92e926a4c155 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 46 hours ago Up 28 hours 3306/tcp hitchhiker-mysql
查看容器ip
docker inspect 8899031988d1 |grep '"IPAddress"'
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
使用mongo镜像执行mongo 命令连接到刚启动的容器,主机IP为 172.18.0.2
docker run -it mongo:3.7 mongo --host 172.18.0.2
[root@VM_0_7_centos mongo]# docker run -it mongo:3.7 mongo --host 172.18.0.2
MongoDB shell version v3.7.3
connecting to: mongodb://172.18.0.2:27017/
MongoDB server version: 3.7.3
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
2018-04-18T06:20:36.043+0000 I STORAGE [main] In File::open(), ::open for '/home/mongodb/.mongorc.js' failed with No such file or directory
Server has startup warnings:
2018-04-18T06:17:02.156+0000 I STORAGE [initandlisten]
2018-04-18T06:17:02.156+0000 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine
2018-04-18T06:17:02.156+0000 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** NOTE: This is a development version (3.7.3) of MongoDB.
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Not recommended for production.
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-04-18T06:17:07.808+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
>