1. 前言
安装完openstack之后，为了对资源的限制，openstack内置了几种配额机制:nova计算资源的配额，cinder存储资源的配额，neutron网络资源的配额，防止资源的分过分配，默认的quota配置很低，比如nova默认只允许建立10个instance。未能能够正常使用openstack系统资源，需要调整quota的配置。本文主要讲述nova的配额修改，关于cinder和neutron的配额修改，请参考后续的的博文。
2. nova默认的配额
nova默认的配额定义在/etc/nova/nova.conf中，初始用户创建之后，会集成该配置中的配额选项，nova的配额条目定义内容如下：
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf quota_driver=nova.quota.DbQuotaDriver nova配额使用的驱动，参考里面可以查看到配额源码的实现 max_age=0 利用率刷新的时间间隔 quota_instances=10 instance个数 quota_cores=20 vcpus的个数 quota_ram=5120000 内存显示，单位是MB quota_floating_ips=10 floating-ip的个数 quota_fixed_ips=-1 fixed-ip的个数 quota_metadata_items=128 metadata的个数 quota_injected_files=10 注入文件个数 quota_injected_file_content_bytes=10240 每个注入文件的大小 quota_injected_file_path_bytes=255 注入文件路径长度 quota_security_groups=10 安全组的个数 quota_security_group_rules=20 每个安全组中的规则 quota_key_pairs=100 keys的个数 查看默认的quota: [root@controller ~]# nova quota-defaults --tenant compayA #最好用uuid的方式表示 +-----------------------------+---------+ | Quota | Limit | +-----------------------------+---------+ | instances | 10 | | cores | 20 | | ram | 1572864 | | floating_ips | 10 | | fixed_ips | -1 | | metadata_items | 128 | | injected_files | 10 | | injected_file_content_bytes | 10240 | | injected_file_path_bytes | 255 | | key_pairs | 100 | | security_groups | 10 | | security_group_rules | 20 | +-----------------------------+---------+
3. 修改nova的配额
1. 获取tenant的uuid号码 [root@controller ~]# keystone tenant-list +----------------------------------+----------+---------+ | id | name | enabled | +----------------------------------+----------+---------+ | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae | admin | True | | 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236 | companyA | True | #uuid号码 | 10d1465c00d049fab88dec1af0f56b1b | demo | True | | 3b57a14f7c354a979c9f62b60f31a331 | service | True | +----------------------------------+----------+---------+ 2. 修改nova的配额 [root@controller ~]# nova quota-update --instances 50 --cores 200 --ram 204800 --floating-ips 50 --fixed-ips -1 --metadata-items 256 --injected-files 2 --key-pairs 10 --security-groups 10 --security-group-rules 20 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236 #没有设置的内容，将会从default中继承 3. 校验nova的配额 [root@controller ~]# nova quota-show --tenant 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236 +-----------------------------+--------+ | Quota | Limit | +-----------------------------+--------+ | instances | 50 | #instance | cores | 200 | #vcpus | ram | 204800 | #memroy | floating_ips | 50 | #floating-ip | fixed_ips | -1 | | metadata_items | 256 | | injected_files | 2 | | injected_file_content_bytes | 10240 | | injected_file_path_bytes | 255 | | key_pairs | 10 | | security_groups | 10 | | security_group_rules | 20 | +-----------------------------+--------+ @@@修改完毕@@@@
4. 总结
nova的配额在使用过程中，当quota达到限制之后，将无法建立虚拟机，关于报错信息，可以在nova的日志/var/log/nova/nova-api.log中查看到，具体不赘述，在运维的过程中，查看下日志即可获知是磁盘配额导致，修改tenant的配额即可。关于cinder和neutron的配额，请参考后续的博客。
5. 附录
nova关于quota的代码实现，仅供参考
[root@controller ~]# vim /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/quota.py
"""Quotas for instances, and floating ips."""
import datetime
from oslo.config import cfg
import six
from nova import db
from nova import exception
from nova.objects import keypair as keypair_obj
from nova.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
from nova.openstack.common import importutils
from nova.openstack.common import log as logging
from nova.openstack.common import timeutils
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
'''
定义配置文件的内容，即关于quota的资源配置，配置的关键字和对应的值，包括instance个数，vcpus，内存，floating-ip和fixed-ip等
'''
quota_opts = [
cfg.IntOpt('quota_instances',
default=10,
help='Number of instances allowed per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_cores',
default=20,
help='Number of instance cores allowed per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_ram',
default=50 * 1024,
help='Megabytes of instance RAM allowed per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_floating_ips',
default=10,
help='Number of floating IPs allowed per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_fixed_ips',
default=-1,
help=('Number of fixed IPs allowed per project (this should be '
'at least the number of instances allowed)')),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_metadata_items',
default=128,
help='Number of metadata items allowed per instance'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_injected_files',
default=5,
help='Number of injected files allowed'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_injected_file_content_bytes',
default=10 * 1024,
help='Number of bytes allowed per injected file'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_injected_file_path_bytes',
default=255,
help='Number of bytes allowed per injected file path'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_security_groups',
default=10,
help='Number of security groups per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_security_group_rules',
default=20,
help='Number of security rules per security group'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_key_pairs',
default=100,
help='Number of key pairs per user'),
cfg.IntOpt('reservation_expire',
default=86400,
help='Number of seconds until a reservation expires'),
cfg.IntOpt('until_refresh',
default=0,
help='Count of reservations until usage is refreshed'),
cfg.IntOpt('max_age',
default=0,
help='Number of seconds between subsequent usage refreshes'),
cfg.StrOpt('quota_driver',
default='nova.quota.DbQuotaDriver',
help='Default driver to use for quota checks'),
]
CONF = cfg.CONF
CONF.register_opts(quota_opts)
'''
nova quota处理相关的驱动管理类，包含了quota的增删改查相关的操作，都封装在该类里面
'''
class DbQuotaDriver(object):
"""Driver to perform necessary checks to enforce quotas and obtain
quota information. The default driver utilizes the local
database.
"""
#获取enant中user的quota配额信息，即nova quota-show [--tenant ] [--user ]
def get_by_project_and_user(self, context, project_id, user_id, resource):
"""Get a specific quota by project and user."""
return db.quota_get(context, project_id, resource, user_id=user_id) #调用数据库，返回用户的配额信息
#获取tenant的quota配置，即nova quota-show携带tenant的id号码，和上面相比，不懈怠用户的uuid号码
def get_by_project(self, context, project_id, resource):
"""Get a specific quota by project."""
return db.quota_get(context, project_id, resource) #调用数据库，获取quota的配置
def get_by_class(self, context, quota_class, resource):
"""Get a specific quota by quota class."""
return db.quota_class_get(context, quota_class, resource)
'''
得到quota的默认配置
'''
def get_defaults(self, context, resources):
"""Given a list of resources, retrieve the default quotas.
Use the class quotas named `_DEFAULT_QUOTA_NAME` as default quotas,
if it exists.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
"""
quotas = {}
default_quotas = db.quota_class_get_default(context) #得到quota默认的配置
for resource in resources.values():
quotas[resource.name] = default_quotas.get(resource.name,
resource.default)
return quotas
def get_class_quotas(self, context, resources, quota_class,
defaults=True):
"""Given a list of resources, retrieve the quotas for the given
quota class.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param quota_class: The name of the quota class to return
quotas for.
:param defaults: If True, the default value will be reported
if there is no specific value for the
resource.
"""
quotas = {}
class_quotas = db.quota_class_get_all_by_name(context, quota_class)
for resource in resources.values():
if defaults or resource.name in class_quotas:
quotas[resource.name] = class_quotas.get(resource.name,
resource.default)
return quotas
def _process_quotas(self, context, resources, project_id, quotas,
quota_class=None, defaults=True, usages=None,
remains=False):
modified_quotas = {}
# Get the quotas for the appropriate class. If the project ID
# matches the one in the context, we use the quota_class from
# the context, otherwise, we use the provided quota_class (if
# any)
if project_id == context.project_id:
quota_class = context.quota_class
if quota_class:
class_quotas = db.quota_class_get_all_by_name(context, quota_class)
else:
class_quotas = {}
default_quotas = self.get_defaults(context, resources)
for resource in resources.values():
# Omit default/quota class values
if not defaults and resource.name not in quotas:
continue
limit = quotas.get(resource.name, class_quotas.get(
resource.name, default_quotas[resource.name]))
modified_quotas[resource.name] = dict(limit=limit)
# Include usages if desired. This is optional because one
# internal consumer of this interface wants to access the
# usages directly from inside a transaction.
if usages:
usage = usages.get(resource.name, {})
modified_quotas[resource.name].update(
in_use=usage.get('in_use', 0),
reserved=usage.get('reserved', 0),
)
# Initialize remains quotas.
if remains:
modified_quotas[resource.name].update(remains=limit)
if remains:
all_quotas = db.quota_get_all(context, project_id)
for quota in all_quotas:
if quota.resource in modified_quotas:
modified_quotas[quota.resource]['remains'] -= \
quota.hard_limit
return modified_quotas
def get_user_quotas(self, context, resources, project_id, user_id,
quota_class=None, defaults=True,
usages=True, project_quotas=None,
user_quotas=None):
"""Given a list of resources, retrieve the quotas for the given
user and project.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param project_id: The ID of the project to return quotas for.
:param user_id: The ID of the user to return quotas for.
:param quota_class: If project_id != context.project_id, the
quota class cannot be determined. This
parameter allows it to be specified. It
will be ignored if project_id ==
context.project_id.
:param defaults: If True, the quota class value (or the
default value, if there is no value from the
quota class) will be reported if there is no
specific value for the resource.
:param usages: If True, the current in_use and reserved counts
will also be returned.
:param project_quotas: Quotas dictionary for the specified project.
:param user_quotas: Quotas dictionary for the specified project
and user.
"""
user_quotas = user_quotas or db.quota_get_all_by_project_and_user(
context, project_id, user_id)
# Use the project quota for default user quota.
proj_quotas = project_quotas or db.quota_get_all_by_project(
context, project_id)
for key, value in proj_quotas.iteritems():
if key not in user_quotas.keys():
user_quotas[key] = value
user_usages = None
if usages:
user_usages = db.quota_usage_get_all_by_project_and_user(context,
project_id,
user_id)
return self._process_quotas(context, resources, project_id,
user_quotas, quota_class,
defaults=defaults, usages=user_usages)
def get_project_quotas(self, context, resources, project_id,
quota_class=None, defaults=True,
usages=True, remains=False, project_quotas=None):
"""Given a list of resources, retrieve the quotas for the given
project.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param project_id: The ID of the project to return quotas for.
:param quota_class: If project_id != context.project_id, the
quota class cannot be determined. This
parameter allows it to be specified. It
will be ignored if project_id ==
context.project_id.
:param defaults: If True, the quota class value (or the
default value, if there is no value from the
quota class) will be reported if there is no
specific value for the resource.
:param usages: If True, the current in_use and reserved counts
will also be returned.
:param remains: If True, the current remains of the project will
will be returned.
:param project_quotas: Quotas dictionary for the specified project.
"""
project_quotas = project_quotas or db.quota_get_all_by_project(
context, project_id)
project_usages = None
if usages:
project_usages = db.quota_usage_get_all_by_project(context,
project_id)
return self._process_quotas(context, resources, project_id,
project_quotas, quota_class,
defaults=defaults, usages=project_usages,
remains=remains)
def get_settable_quotas(self, context, resources, project_id,
user_id=None):
"""Given a list of resources, retrieve the range of settable quotas for
the given user or project.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param project_id: The ID of the project to return quotas for.
:param user_id: The ID of the user to return quotas for.
"""
settable_quotas = {}
db_proj_quotas = db.quota_get_all_by_project(context, project_id)
project_quotas = self.get_project_quotas(context, resources,
project_id, remains=True,
project_quotas=db_proj_quotas)
if user_id:
setted_quotas = db.quota_get_all_by_project_and_user(context,
project_id,
user_id)
user_quotas = self.get_user_quotas(context, resources,
project_id, user_id,
project_quotas=db_proj_quotas,
user_quotas=setted_quotas)
for key, value in user_quotas.items():
maximum = project_quotas[key]['remains'] +\
setted_quotas.get(key, 0)
settable_quotas[key] = dict(
minimum=value['in_use'] + value['reserved'],
maximum=maximum
)
else:
for key, value in project_quotas.items():
minimum = max(int(value['limit'] - value['remains']),
int(value['in_use'] + value['reserved']))
settable_quotas[key] = dict(minimum=minimum, maximum=-1)
return settable_quotas
def _get_quotas(self, context, resources, keys, has_sync, project_id=None,
user_id=None, project_quotas=None):
"""A helper method which retrieves the quotas for the specific
resources identified by keys, and which apply to the current
context.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param keys: A list of the desired quotas to retrieve.
:param has_sync: If True, indicates that the resource must
have a sync function; if False, indicates
that the resource must NOT have a sync
function.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
:param user_id: Specify the user_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user.
:param project_quotas: Quotas dictionary for the specified project.
"""
# Filter resources
if has_sync:
sync_filt = lambda x: hasattr(x, 'sync')
else:
sync_filt = lambda x: not hasattr(x, 'sync')
desired = set(keys)
sub_resources = dict((k, v) for k, v in resources.items()
if k in desired and sync_filt(v))
# Make sure we accounted for all of them...
if len(keys) != len(sub_resources):
unknown = desired - set(sub_resources.keys())
raise exception.QuotaResourceUnknown(unknown=sorted(unknown))
if user_id:
# Grab and return the quotas (without usages)
quotas = self.get_user_quotas(context, sub_resources,
project_id, user_id,
context.quota_class, usages=False,
project_quotas=project_quotas)
else:
# Grab and return the quotas (without usages)
quotas = self.get_project_quotas(context, sub_resources,
project_id,
context.quota_class,
usages=False,
project_quotas=project_quotas)
return dict((k, v['limit']) for k, v in quotas.items())
def limit_check(self, context, resources, values, project_id=None,
user_id=None):
"""Check simple quota limits.
For limits--those quotas for which there is no usage
synchronization function--this method checks that a set of
proposed values are permitted by the limit restriction.
This method will raise a QuotaResourceUnknown exception if a
given resource is unknown or if it is not a simple limit
resource.
If any of the proposed values is over the defined quota, an
OverQuota exception will be raised with the sorted list of the
resources which are too high. Otherwise, the method returns
nothing.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param values: A dictionary of the values to check against the
quota.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
:param user_id: Specify the user_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user.
"""
# Ensure no value is less than zero
unders = [key for key, val in values.items() if val < 0]
if unders:
raise exception.InvalidQuotaValue(unders=sorted(unders))
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
# If user id is None, then we use the user_id in context
if user_id is None:
user_id = context.user_id
# Get the applicable quotas
project_quotas = db.quota_get_all_by_project(context, project_id)
quotas = self._get_quotas(context, resources, values.keys(),
has_sync=False, project_id=project_id,
project_quotas=project_quotas)
user_quotas = self._get_quotas(context, resources, values.keys(),
has_sync=False, project_id=project_id,
user_id=user_id,
project_quotas=project_quotas)
# Check the quotas and construct a list of the resources that
# would be put over limit by the desired values
overs = [key for key, val in values.items()
if quotas[key] >= 0 and quotas[key] < val or
(user_quotas[key] >= 0 and user_quotas[key] < val)]
if overs:
headroom = {}
# Check project_quotas:
for key in quotas:
if quotas[key] >= 0 and quotas[key] < val:
headroom[key] = quotas[key]
# Check user quotas:
for key in user_quotas:
if (user_quotas[key] >= 0 and user_quotas[key] < val and
headroom.get(key) > user_quotas[key]):
headroom[key] = user_quotas[key]
raise exception.OverQuota(overs=sorted(overs), quotas=quotas,
usages={}, headroom=headroom)
def reserve(self, context, resources, deltas, expire=None,
project_id=None, user_id=None):
"""Check quotas and reserve resources.
For counting quotas--those quotas for which there is a usage
synchronization function--this method checks quotas against
current usage and the desired deltas.
This method will raise a QuotaResourceUnknown exception if a
given resource is unknown or if it does not have a usage
synchronization function.
If any of the proposed values is over the defined quota, an
OverQuota exception will be raised with the sorted list of the
resources which are too high. Otherwise, the method returns a
list of reservation UUIDs which were created.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param deltas: A dictionary of the proposed delta changes.
:param expire: An optional parameter specifying an expiration
time for the reservations. If it is a simple
number, it is interpreted as a number of
seconds and added to the current time; if it is
a datetime.timedelta object, it will also be
added to the current time. A datetime.datetime
object will be interpreted as the absolute
expiration time. If None is specified, the
default expiration time set by
--default-reservation-expire will be used (this
value will be treated as a number of seconds).
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
:param user_id: Specify the user_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user.
"""
# Set up the reservation expiration
if expire is None:
expire = CONF.reservation_expire
if isinstance(expire, (int, long)):
expire = datetime.timedelta(seconds=expire)
if isinstance(expire, datetime.timedelta):
expire = timeutils.utcnow() + expire
if not isinstance(expire, datetime.datetime):
raise exception.InvalidReservationExpiration(expire=expire)
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
# If user_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if user_id is None:
user_id = context.user_id
# Get the applicable quotas.
# NOTE(Vek): We're not worried about races at this point.
# Yes, the admin may be in the process of reducing
# quotas, but that's a pretty rare thing.
project_quotas = db.quota_get_all_by_project(context, project_id)
quotas = self._get_quotas(context, resources, deltas.keys(),
has_sync=True, project_id=project_id,
project_quotas=project_quotas)
user_quotas = self._get_quotas(context, resources, deltas.keys(),
has_sync=True, project_id=project_id,
user_id=user_id,
project_quotas=project_quotas)
# NOTE(Vek): Most of the work here has to be done in the DB
# API, because we have to do it in a transaction,
# which means access to the session. Since the
# session isn't available outside the DBAPI, we
# have to do the work there.
return db.quota_reserve(context, resources, quotas, user_quotas,
deltas, expire,
CONF.until_refresh, CONF.max_age,
project_id=project_id, user_id=user_id)
def commit(self, context, reservations, project_id=None, user_id=None):
"""Commit reservations.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param reservations: A list of the reservation UUIDs, as
returned by the reserve() method.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
:param user_id: Specify the user_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user.
"""
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
# If user_id is None, then we use the user_id in context
if user_id is None:
user_id = context.user_id
db.reservation_commit(context, reservations, project_id=project_id,
user_id=user_id)
def rollback(self, context, reservations, project_id=None, user_id=None):
"""Roll back reservations.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param reservations: A list of the reservation UUIDs, as
returned by the reserve() method.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
:param user_id: Specify the user_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user.
"""
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
# If user_id is None, then we use the user_id in context
if user_id is None:
user_id = context.user_id
db.reservation_rollback(context, reservations, project_id=project_id,
user_id=user_id)
def usage_reset(self, context, resources):
"""Reset the usage records for a particular user on a list of
resources. This will force that user's usage records to be
refreshed the next time a reservation is made.
Note: this does not affect the currently outstanding
reservations the user has; those reservations must be
committed or rolled back (or expired).
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A list of the resource names for which the
usage must be reset.
"""
# We need an elevated context for the calls to
# quota_usage_update()
elevated = context.elevated()
for resource in resources:
try:
# Reset the usage to -1, which will force it to be
# refreshed
db.quota_usage_update(elevated, context.project_id,
context.user_id,
resource, in_use=-1)
except exception.QuotaUsageNotFound:
# That means it'll be refreshed anyway
pass
def destroy_all_by_project_and_user(self, context, project_id, user_id):
"""Destroy all quotas, usages, and reservations associated with a
project and user.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param project_id: The ID of the project being deleted.
:param user_id: The ID of the user being deleted.
"""
db.quota_destroy_all_by_project_and_user(context, project_id, user_id)
def destroy_all_by_project(self, context, project_id):
"""Destroy all quotas, usages, and reservations associated with a
project.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param project_id: The ID of the project being deleted.
"""
db.quota_destroy_all_by_project(context, project_id)
def expire(self, context):
"""Expire reservations.
Explores all currently existing reservations and rolls back
any that have expired.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
"""
db.reservation_expire(context)