基于SpringBoot2.0+ Actuator metrics的监控

引言

SpringBoot2在spring-boot-actuator中引入了micrometer,对1.x的metrics进行了重构,另外支持对接的监控系统也更加丰富(Atlas、Datadog、Ganglia、Graphite、Influx、JMX、NewRelic、Prometheus、SignalFx、StatsD、Wavefront)。本文以Prometheus为例阐述SpringBoot2.0的监控。

eg. Prometheus

Maven坐标


    org.springframework.boot
    spring-boot-starter-actuator


    io.micrometer
    micrometer-registry-prometheus


配置信息

management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*

Prometheus地址

http://ip:port/demo-prometheus/actuator/prometheus

# HELP tomcat_global_sent_bytes_total  
# TYPE tomcat_global_sent_bytes_total counter
tomcat_global_sent_bytes_total{name="http-nio-10101",} 5925847.0
# HELP process_start_time_seconds The start time of the Java virtual machine
# TYPE process_start_time_seconds gauge
process_start_time_seconds 1.523875107155E9
# HELP tomcat_sessions_created_total  
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_created_total counter
tomcat_sessions_created_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_global_request_max_seconds  
# TYPE tomcat_global_request_max_seconds gauge
tomcat_global_request_max_seconds{name="http-nio-10101",} 60.17
# HELP process_cpu_usage The "recent cpu usage" for the Java Virtual Machine process
# TYPE process_cpu_usage gauge
process_cpu_usage 0.012943162633652222
# HELP jvm_threads_daemon The current number of live daemon threads
# TYPE jvm_threads_daemon gauge
jvm_threads_daemon 64.0
# HELP jvm_memory_committed_bytes The amount of memory in bytes that is committed for  the Java virtual machine to use
# TYPE jvm_memory_committed_bytes gauge
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'",} 2555904.0
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Metaspace",} 8.9419776E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'",} 2.5165824E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Compressed Class Space",} 1.1087872E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Eden Space",} 6.54311424E8
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Old Gen",} 3.97410304E8
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Survivor Space",} 2.2020096E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'",} 8650752.0
# HELP system_cpu_usage The "recent cpu usage" for the whole system
# TYPE system_cpu_usage gauge
system_cpu_usage 0.009003939223410242
# HELP tomcat_threads_config_max  
# TYPE tomcat_threads_config_max gauge
tomcat_threads_config_max{name="http-nio-10101",} 200.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_active_current  
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_active_current gauge
tomcat_sessions_active_current 0.0
# HELP tomcat_cache_hit_total  
# TYPE tomcat_cache_hit_total counter
tomcat_cache_hit_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_rejected_total  
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_rejected_total counter
tomcat_sessions_rejected_total 0.0
# HELP jvm_threads_live The current number of live threads including both daemon and non-daemon threads
# TYPE jvm_threads_live gauge
jvm_threads_live 68.0
# HELP jvm_classes_loaded The number of classes that are currently loaded in the Java virtual machine
# TYPE jvm_classes_loaded gauge
jvm_classes_loaded 14846.0
# HELP jvm_gc_pause_seconds Time spent in GC pause
# TYPE jvm_gc_pause_seconds summary
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_count{action="end of minor GC",cause="Metadata GC Threshold",} 1.0
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_sum{action="end of minor GC",cause="Metadata GC Threshold",} 0.047
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_max{action="end of minor GC",cause="Metadata GC Threshold",} 0.0
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_count{action="end of minor GC",cause="G1 Evacuation Pause",} 3.0
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_sum{action="end of minor GC",cause="G1 Evacuation Pause",} 0.105
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_max{action="end of minor GC",cause="G1 Evacuation Pause",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_gc_memory_allocated_bytes_total Incremented for an increase in the size of the young generation memory pool after one GC to before the next
# TYPE jvm_gc_memory_allocated_bytes_total counter
jvm_gc_memory_allocated_bytes_total 1.0030608E7
# HELP tomcat_servlet_request_seconds  
# TYPE tomcat_servlet_request_seconds summary
tomcat_servlet_request_seconds_count{name="default",} 0.0
tomcat_servlet_request_seconds_sum{name="default",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes An estimate of the total capacity of the buffers in this pool
# TYPE jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes gauge
jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes{id="mapped",} 0.0
jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes{id="direct",} 6.7427031E7
# HELP process_uptime_seconds The uptime of the Java virtual machine
# TYPE process_uptime_seconds gauge
process_uptime_seconds 244011.477
# HELP tomcat_sessions_expired_total  
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_expired_total counter
tomcat_sessions_expired_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_active_max  
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_active_max gauge
tomcat_sessions_active_max 0.0
# HELP jvm_gc_memory_promoted_bytes_total Count of positive increases in the size of the old generation memory pool before GC to after GC
# TYPE jvm_gc_memory_promoted_bytes_total counter
jvm_gc_memory_promoted_bytes_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_alive_max_seconds  
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_alive_max_seconds gauge
tomcat_sessions_alive_max_seconds 0.0
# HELP tomcat_global_error_total  
# TYPE tomcat_global_error_total counter
tomcat_global_error_total{name="http-nio-10101",} 16.0
# HELP tomcat_threads_busy  
# TYPE tomcat_threads_busy gauge
tomcat_threads_busy{name="http-nio-10101",} 0.0
# HELP system_load_average_1m The sum of the number of runnable entities queued to available processors and the number of runnable entities running on the available processors averaged over a period of time
# TYPE system_load_average_1m gauge
system_load_average_1m 0.0
# HELP process_files_open The open file descriptor count
# TYPE process_files_open gauge
process_files_open 142.0
# HELP system_cpu_count The number of processors available to the Java virtual machine
# TYPE system_cpu_count gauge
system_cpu_count 4.0
# HELP jvm_gc_max_data_size_bytes Max size of old generation memory pool
# TYPE jvm_gc_max_data_size_bytes gauge
jvm_gc_max_data_size_bytes -1.0
# HELP tomcat_cache_access_total  
# TYPE tomcat_cache_access_total counter
tomcat_cache_access_total 0.0
# HELP http_server_requests_seconds  
# TYPE http_server_requests_seconds summary
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/**",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/**",} 0.024679861
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/**",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/webjars/**",} 31.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/webjars/**",} 2.672684295
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/webjars/**",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/ui",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/ui",} 0.075265631
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/ui",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/security",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/security",} 0.013461829
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/security",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources",} 0.013547926
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="root",} 10.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="root",} 0.178656116
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="root",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="404",uri="NOT_FOUND",} 7.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="404",uri="NOT_FOUND",} 0.013102879
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="404",uri="NOT_FOUND",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="304",uri="REDIRECTION",} 10.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="304",uri="REDIRECTION",} 0.020565319
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="304",uri="REDIRECTION",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 88.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 0.987564415
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="QueryTimeoutException",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 6.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="QueryTimeoutException",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 360.059517815
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="QueryTimeoutException",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes An estimate of the memory that the Java virtual machine is using for this buffer pool
# TYPE jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes gauge
jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes{id="mapped",} 0.0
jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes{id="direct",} 6.7427032E7
# HELP jvm_classes_unloaded_total The total number of classes unloaded since the Java virtual machine has started execution
# TYPE jvm_classes_unloaded_total counter
jvm_classes_unloaded_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_servlet_request_max_seconds  
# TYPE tomcat_servlet_request_max_seconds gauge
tomcat_servlet_request_max_seconds{name="default",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_memory_used_bytes The amount of used memory
# TYPE jvm_memory_used_bytes gauge
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'",} 1414400.0
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Metaspace",} 8.373908E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'",} 2.4729472E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Compressed Class Space",} 1.0082712E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Eden Space",} 5.74619648E8
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Old Gen",} 3.557784E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Survivor Space",} 2.2020096E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'",} 8617856.0
# HELP tomcat_servlet_error_total  
# TYPE tomcat_servlet_error_total counter
tomcat_servlet_error_total{name="default",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_memory_max_bytes The maximum amount of memory in bytes that can be used for memory management
# TYPE jvm_memory_max_bytes gauge
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'",} 5832704.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Metaspace",} -1.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'",} 1.22912768E8
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Compressed Class Space",} 1.073741824E9
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Eden Space",} -1.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Old Gen",} 1.073741824E9
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Survivor Space",} -1.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'",} 1.22912768E8
# HELP tomcat_global_received_bytes_total  
# TYPE tomcat_global_received_bytes_total counter
tomcat_global_received_bytes_total{name="http-nio-10101",} 0.0
# HELP tomcat_global_request_seconds  
# TYPE tomcat_global_request_seconds summary
tomcat_global_request_seconds_count{name="http-nio-10101",} 168.0
tomcat_global_request_seconds_sum{name="http-nio-10101",} 368.401
# HELP tomcat_threads_current  
# TYPE tomcat_threads_current gauge
tomcat_threads_current{name="http-nio-10101",} 10.0
# HELP jvm_gc_live_data_size_bytes Size of old generation memory pool after a full GC
# TYPE jvm_gc_live_data_size_bytes gauge
jvm_gc_live_data_size_bytes 0.0
# HELP jvm_buffer_count An estimate of the number of buffers in the pool
# TYPE jvm_buffer_count gauge
jvm_buffer_count{id="mapped",} 0.0
jvm_buffer_count{id="direct",} 108.0
# HELP process_files_max The maximum file descriptor count
# TYPE process_files_max gauge
process_files_max 8192.0
# HELP jvm_threads_peak The peak live thread count since the Java virtual machine started or peak was reset
# TYPE jvm_threads_peak gauge
jvm_threads_peak 68.0

SpringBoot2.0 Actuator监控指标分析

序号 参数 参数说明 是否监控 监控手段 重要度
--- JVM ---
1 jvm.memory.max JVM最大内存
2 jvm.memory.committed JVM可用内存 展示并监控堆内存和Metaspace 重要
3 jvm.memory.used JVM已用内存 展示并监控堆内存和Metaspace 重要
4 jvm.buffer.memory.used JVM缓冲区已用内存
5 jvm.buffer.count 当前缓冲区数
6 jvm.threads.daemon JVM守护线程数 显示在监控页面
7 jvm.threads.live JVM当前活跃线程数 显示在监控页面;监控达到阈值时报警 重要
8 jvm.threads.peak JVM峰值线程数 显示在监控页面
9 jvm.classes.loaded 加载classes数
10 jvm.classes.unloaded 未加载的classes数
11 jvm.gc.memory.allocated GC时,年轻代分配的内存空间
12 jvm.gc.memory.promoted GC时,老年代分配的内存空间
13 jvm.gc.max.data.size GC时,老年代的最大内存空间
14 jvm.gc.live.data.size FullGC时,老年代的内存空间
15 jvm.gc.pause GC耗时 显示在监控页面
--- TOMCAT ---
16 tomcat.sessions.created tomcat已创建session数
17 tomcat.sessions.expired tomcat已过期session数
18 tomcat.sessions.active.current tomcat活跃session数
19 tomcat.sessions.active.max tomcat最多活跃session数 显示在监控页面,超过阈值可报警或者进行动态扩容 重要
20 tomcat.sessions.alive.max.second tomcat最多活跃session数持续时间
21 tomcat.sessions.rejected 超过session最大配置后,拒绝的session个数 显示在监控页面,方便分析问题
22 tomcat.global.error 错误总数 显示在监控页面,方便分析问题
23 tomcat.global.sent 发送的字节数
24 tomcat.global.request.max request最长时间
25 tomcat.global.request 全局request次数和时间
26 tomcat.global.received 全局received次数和时间
27 tomcat.servlet.request servlet的请求次数和时间
28 tomcat.servlet.error servlet发生错误总数
29 tomcat.servlet.request.max servlet请求最长时间
30 tomcat.threads.busy tomcat繁忙线程 显示在监控页面,据此检查是否有线程夯住
31 tomcat.threads.current tomcat当前线程数(包括守护线程) 显示在监控页面 重要
32 tomcat.threads.config.max tomcat配置的线程最大数 显示在监控页面 重要
33 tomcat.cache.access tomcat读取缓存次数
34 tomcat.cache.hit tomcat缓存命中次数
--- CPU... ---
35 system.cpu.count CPU数量
36 system.load.average.1m load average 超过阈值报警 重要
37 system.cpu.usage 系统CPU使用率
38 process.cpu.usage 当前进程CPU使用率 超过阈值报警
39 http.server.requests http请求调用情况 显示10个请求量最大,耗时最长的URL;统计非200的请求量 重要
40 process.uptime 应用已运行时间 显示在监控页面
41 process.files.max 允许最大句柄数 配合当前打开句柄数使用
42 process.start.time 应用启动时间点 显示在监控页面
43 process.files.open 当前打开句柄数 监控文件句柄使用率,超过阈值后报警 重要

监控dashboard可使用grafana。

附录

SpringBoot1.x的metrics信息

{
    "mem":568029,
    "mem.free":164376,
    "processors":16,
    "instance.uptime":223643888,
    "uptime":223835542,
    "systemload.average":0.18,
    "heap.committed":415232,
    "heap.init":419840,
    "heap.used":250855,
    "heap":415232,
    "nonheap.committed":156480,
    "nonheap.init":2496,
    "nonheap.used":152797,
    "nonheap":0,
    "threads.peak":114,
    "threads.daemon":99,
    "threads.totalStarted":234,
    "threads":113,
    "classes":15474,
    "classes.loaded":15474,
    "classes.unloaded":0,
    "gc.ps_scavenge.count":1808,
    "gc.ps_scavenge.time":99224,
    "gc.ps_marksweep.count":3,
    "gc.ps_marksweep.time":5314
}

SpringBoot2.0的metrics信息

{
    "names":[
        "jvm.memory.committed",
        "http.server.requests",
        "jvm.buffer.memory.used",
        "jvm.gc.memory.allocated",
        "tomcat.sessions.created",
        "tomcat.sessions.expired",
        "jvm.memory.used",
        "tomcat.global.error",
        "jvm.gc.max.data.size",
        "system.cpu.count",
        "jvm.memory.max",
        "tomcat.global.sent",
        "jvm.buffer.total.capacity",
        "jvm.buffer.count",
        "process.files.max",
        "jvm.threads.daemon",
        "process.start.time",
        "tomcat.sessions.active.max",
        "tomcat.global.request.max",
        "jvm.gc.live.data.size",
        "process.files.open",
        "process.cpu.usage",
        "tomcat.threads.current",
        "tomcat.servlet.request",
        "jvm.gc.pause",
        "process.uptime",
        "tomcat.threads.busy",
        "system.load.average.1m",
        "tomcat.cache.hit",
        "tomcat.global.request",
        "tomcat.servlet.error",
        "tomcat.servlet.request.max",
        "tomcat.cache.access",
        "tomcat.sessions.active.current",
        "system.cpu.usage",
        "jvm.threads.live",
        "jvm.classes.loaded",
        "jvm.classes.unloaded",
        "jvm.threads.peak",
        "tomcat.threads.config.max",
        "jvm.gc.memory.promoted",
        "tomcat.sessions.rejected",
        "tomcat.global.received",
        "tomcat.sessions.alive.max"
    ]
}

SpringBoot2.0的metrics支持多tag,如:http://ip:port/demo-prometheus/actuator/metrics/jvm.memory.committed/

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