引言
SpringBoot2在spring-boot-actuator中引入了micrometer，对1.x的metrics进行了重构，另外支持对接的监控系统也更加丰富(Atlas、Datadog、Ganglia、Graphite、Influx、JMX、NewRelic、Prometheus、SignalFx、StatsD、Wavefront)。本文以Prometheus为例阐述SpringBoot2.0的监控。
eg. Prometheus
Maven坐标
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-actuator
io.micrometer
micrometer-registry-prometheus
配置信息
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
Prometheus地址
http://ip:port/demo-prometheus/actuator/prometheus
# HELP tomcat_global_sent_bytes_total
# TYPE tomcat_global_sent_bytes_total counter
tomcat_global_sent_bytes_total{name="http-nio-10101",} 5925847.0
# HELP process_start_time_seconds The start time of the Java virtual machine
# TYPE process_start_time_seconds gauge
process_start_time_seconds 1.523875107155E9
# HELP tomcat_sessions_created_total
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_created_total counter
tomcat_sessions_created_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_global_request_max_seconds
# TYPE tomcat_global_request_max_seconds gauge
tomcat_global_request_max_seconds{name="http-nio-10101",} 60.17
# HELP process_cpu_usage The "recent cpu usage" for the Java Virtual Machine process
# TYPE process_cpu_usage gauge
process_cpu_usage 0.012943162633652222
# HELP jvm_threads_daemon The current number of live daemon threads
# TYPE jvm_threads_daemon gauge
jvm_threads_daemon 64.0
# HELP jvm_memory_committed_bytes The amount of memory in bytes that is committed for the Java virtual machine to use
# TYPE jvm_memory_committed_bytes gauge
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'",} 2555904.0
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Metaspace",} 8.9419776E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'",} 2.5165824E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Compressed Class Space",} 1.1087872E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Eden Space",} 6.54311424E8
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Old Gen",} 3.97410304E8
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Survivor Space",} 2.2020096E7
jvm_memory_committed_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'",} 8650752.0
# HELP system_cpu_usage The "recent cpu usage" for the whole system
# TYPE system_cpu_usage gauge
system_cpu_usage 0.009003939223410242
# HELP tomcat_threads_config_max
# TYPE tomcat_threads_config_max gauge
tomcat_threads_config_max{name="http-nio-10101",} 200.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_active_current
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_active_current gauge
tomcat_sessions_active_current 0.0
# HELP tomcat_cache_hit_total
# TYPE tomcat_cache_hit_total counter
tomcat_cache_hit_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_rejected_total
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_rejected_total counter
tomcat_sessions_rejected_total 0.0
# HELP jvm_threads_live The current number of live threads including both daemon and non-daemon threads
# TYPE jvm_threads_live gauge
jvm_threads_live 68.0
# HELP jvm_classes_loaded The number of classes that are currently loaded in the Java virtual machine
# TYPE jvm_classes_loaded gauge
jvm_classes_loaded 14846.0
# HELP jvm_gc_pause_seconds Time spent in GC pause
# TYPE jvm_gc_pause_seconds summary
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_count{action="end of minor GC",cause="Metadata GC Threshold",} 1.0
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_sum{action="end of minor GC",cause="Metadata GC Threshold",} 0.047
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_max{action="end of minor GC",cause="Metadata GC Threshold",} 0.0
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_count{action="end of minor GC",cause="G1 Evacuation Pause",} 3.0
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_sum{action="end of minor GC",cause="G1 Evacuation Pause",} 0.105
jvm_gc_pause_seconds_max{action="end of minor GC",cause="G1 Evacuation Pause",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_gc_memory_allocated_bytes_total Incremented for an increase in the size of the young generation memory pool after one GC to before the next
# TYPE jvm_gc_memory_allocated_bytes_total counter
jvm_gc_memory_allocated_bytes_total 1.0030608E7
# HELP tomcat_servlet_request_seconds
# TYPE tomcat_servlet_request_seconds summary
tomcat_servlet_request_seconds_count{name="default",} 0.0
tomcat_servlet_request_seconds_sum{name="default",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes An estimate of the total capacity of the buffers in this pool
# TYPE jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes gauge
jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes{id="mapped",} 0.0
jvm_buffer_total_capacity_bytes{id="direct",} 6.7427031E7
# HELP process_uptime_seconds The uptime of the Java virtual machine
# TYPE process_uptime_seconds gauge
process_uptime_seconds 244011.477
# HELP tomcat_sessions_expired_total
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_expired_total counter
tomcat_sessions_expired_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_active_max
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_active_max gauge
tomcat_sessions_active_max 0.0
# HELP jvm_gc_memory_promoted_bytes_total Count of positive increases in the size of the old generation memory pool before GC to after GC
# TYPE jvm_gc_memory_promoted_bytes_total counter
jvm_gc_memory_promoted_bytes_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_sessions_alive_max_seconds
# TYPE tomcat_sessions_alive_max_seconds gauge
tomcat_sessions_alive_max_seconds 0.0
# HELP tomcat_global_error_total
# TYPE tomcat_global_error_total counter
tomcat_global_error_total{name="http-nio-10101",} 16.0
# HELP tomcat_threads_busy
# TYPE tomcat_threads_busy gauge
tomcat_threads_busy{name="http-nio-10101",} 0.0
# HELP system_load_average_1m The sum of the number of runnable entities queued to available processors and the number of runnable entities running on the available processors averaged over a period of time
# TYPE system_load_average_1m gauge
system_load_average_1m 0.0
# HELP process_files_open The open file descriptor count
# TYPE process_files_open gauge
process_files_open 142.0
# HELP system_cpu_count The number of processors available to the Java virtual machine
# TYPE system_cpu_count gauge
system_cpu_count 4.0
# HELP jvm_gc_max_data_size_bytes Max size of old generation memory pool
# TYPE jvm_gc_max_data_size_bytes gauge
jvm_gc_max_data_size_bytes -1.0
# HELP tomcat_cache_access_total
# TYPE tomcat_cache_access_total counter
tomcat_cache_access_total 0.0
# HELP http_server_requests_seconds
# TYPE http_server_requests_seconds summary
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/**",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/**",} 0.024679861
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/**",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/webjars/**",} 31.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/webjars/**",} 2.672684295
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/webjars/**",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/ui",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/ui",} 0.075265631
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/ui",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/security",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/security",} 0.013461829
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources/configuration/security",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources",} 3.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources",} 0.013547926
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/swagger-resources",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="root",} 10.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="root",} 0.178656116
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="root",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="404",uri="NOT_FOUND",} 7.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="404",uri="NOT_FOUND",} 0.013102879
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="404",uri="NOT_FOUND",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="304",uri="REDIRECTION",} 10.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="304",uri="REDIRECTION",} 0.020565319
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="304",uri="REDIRECTION",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 88.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 0.987564415
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="None",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 0.0
http_server_requests_seconds_count{exception="QueryTimeoutException",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 6.0
http_server_requests_seconds_sum{exception="QueryTimeoutException",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 360.059517815
http_server_requests_seconds_max{exception="QueryTimeoutException",method="GET",status="200",uri="/v1/serial/number",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes An estimate of the memory that the Java virtual machine is using for this buffer pool
# TYPE jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes gauge
jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes{id="mapped",} 0.0
jvm_buffer_memory_used_bytes{id="direct",} 6.7427032E7
# HELP jvm_classes_unloaded_total The total number of classes unloaded since the Java virtual machine has started execution
# TYPE jvm_classes_unloaded_total counter
jvm_classes_unloaded_total 0.0
# HELP tomcat_servlet_request_max_seconds
# TYPE tomcat_servlet_request_max_seconds gauge
tomcat_servlet_request_max_seconds{name="default",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_memory_used_bytes The amount of used memory
# TYPE jvm_memory_used_bytes gauge
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'",} 1414400.0
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Metaspace",} 8.373908E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'",} 2.4729472E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Compressed Class Space",} 1.0082712E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Eden Space",} 5.74619648E8
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Old Gen",} 3.557784E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Survivor Space",} 2.2020096E7
jvm_memory_used_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'",} 8617856.0
# HELP tomcat_servlet_error_total
# TYPE tomcat_servlet_error_total counter
tomcat_servlet_error_total{name="default",} 0.0
# HELP jvm_memory_max_bytes The maximum amount of memory in bytes that can be used for memory management
# TYPE jvm_memory_max_bytes gauge
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'",} 5832704.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Metaspace",} -1.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'",} 1.22912768E8
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="Compressed Class Space",} 1.073741824E9
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Eden Space",} -1.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Old Gen",} 1.073741824E9
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="heap",id="G1 Survivor Space",} -1.0
jvm_memory_max_bytes{area="nonheap",id="CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'",} 1.22912768E8
# HELP tomcat_global_received_bytes_total
# TYPE tomcat_global_received_bytes_total counter
tomcat_global_received_bytes_total{name="http-nio-10101",} 0.0
# HELP tomcat_global_request_seconds
# TYPE tomcat_global_request_seconds summary
tomcat_global_request_seconds_count{name="http-nio-10101",} 168.0
tomcat_global_request_seconds_sum{name="http-nio-10101",} 368.401
# HELP tomcat_threads_current
# TYPE tomcat_threads_current gauge
tomcat_threads_current{name="http-nio-10101",} 10.0
# HELP jvm_gc_live_data_size_bytes Size of old generation memory pool after a full GC
# TYPE jvm_gc_live_data_size_bytes gauge
jvm_gc_live_data_size_bytes 0.0
# HELP jvm_buffer_count An estimate of the number of buffers in the pool
# TYPE jvm_buffer_count gauge
jvm_buffer_count{id="mapped",} 0.0
jvm_buffer_count{id="direct",} 108.0
# HELP process_files_max The maximum file descriptor count
# TYPE process_files_max gauge
process_files_max 8192.0
# HELP jvm_threads_peak The peak live thread count since the Java virtual machine started or peak was reset
# TYPE jvm_threads_peak gauge
jvm_threads_peak 68.0
SpringBoot2.0 Actuator监控指标分析
| 序号 | 参数 | 参数说明 | 是否监控 | 监控手段 | 重要度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| --- | JVM | --- | |||
| 1 | jvm.memory.max | JVM最大内存 | |||
| 2 | jvm.memory.committed | JVM可用内存 | 是 | 展示并监控堆内存和Metaspace | 重要 |
| 3 | jvm.memory.used | JVM已用内存 | 是 | 展示并监控堆内存和Metaspace | 重要 |
| 4 | jvm.buffer.memory.used | JVM缓冲区已用内存 | |||
| 5 | jvm.buffer.count | 当前缓冲区数 | |||
| 6 | jvm.threads.daemon | JVM守护线程数 | 是 | 显示在监控页面 | |
| 7 | jvm.threads.live | JVM当前活跃线程数 | 是 | 显示在监控页面；监控达到阈值时报警 | 重要 |
| 8 | jvm.threads.peak | JVM峰值线程数 | 是 | 显示在监控页面 | |
| 9 | jvm.classes.loaded | 加载classes数 | |||
| 10 | jvm.classes.unloaded | 未加载的classes数 | |||
| 11 | jvm.gc.memory.allocated | GC时，年轻代分配的内存空间 | |||
| 12 | jvm.gc.memory.promoted | GC时，老年代分配的内存空间 | |||
| 13 | jvm.gc.max.data.size | GC时，老年代的最大内存空间 | |||
| 14 | jvm.gc.live.data.size | FullGC时，老年代的内存空间 | |||
| 15 | jvm.gc.pause | GC耗时 | 是 | 显示在监控页面 | |
| --- | TOMCAT | --- | |||
| 16 | tomcat.sessions.created | tomcat已创建session数 | |||
| 17 | tomcat.sessions.expired | tomcat已过期session数 | |||
| 18 | tomcat.sessions.active.current | tomcat活跃session数 | |||
| 19 | tomcat.sessions.active.max | tomcat最多活跃session数 | 是 | 显示在监控页面，超过阈值可报警或者进行动态扩容 | 重要 |
| 20 | tomcat.sessions.alive.max.second | tomcat最多活跃session数持续时间 | |||
| 21 | tomcat.sessions.rejected | 超过session最大配置后，拒绝的session个数 | 是 | 显示在监控页面，方便分析问题 | |
| 22 | tomcat.global.error | 错误总数 | 是 | 显示在监控页面，方便分析问题 | |
| 23 | tomcat.global.sent | 发送的字节数 | |||
| 24 | tomcat.global.request.max | request最长时间 | |||
| 25 | tomcat.global.request | 全局request次数和时间 | |||
| 26 | tomcat.global.received | 全局received次数和时间 | |||
| 27 | tomcat.servlet.request | servlet的请求次数和时间 | |||
| 28 | tomcat.servlet.error | servlet发生错误总数 | |||
| 29 | tomcat.servlet.request.max | servlet请求最长时间 | |||
| 30 | tomcat.threads.busy | tomcat繁忙线程 | 是 | 显示在监控页面，据此检查是否有线程夯住 | |
| 31 | tomcat.threads.current | tomcat当前线程数（包括守护线程） | 是 | 显示在监控页面 | 重要 |
| 32 | tomcat.threads.config.max | tomcat配置的线程最大数 | 是 | 显示在监控页面 | 重要 |
| 33 | tomcat.cache.access | tomcat读取缓存次数 | |||
| 34 | tomcat.cache.hit | tomcat缓存命中次数 | |||
| --- | CPU... | --- | |||
| 35 | system.cpu.count | CPU数量 | |||
| 36 | system.load.average.1m | load average | 是 | 超过阈值报警 | 重要 |
| 37 | system.cpu.usage | 系统CPU使用率 | |||
| 38 | process.cpu.usage | 当前进程CPU使用率 | 是 | 超过阈值报警 | |
| 39 | http.server.requests | http请求调用情况 | 是 | 显示10个请求量最大，耗时最长的URL；统计非200的请求量 | 重要 |
| 40 | process.uptime | 应用已运行时间 | 是 | 显示在监控页面 | |
| 41 | process.files.max | 允许最大句柄数 | 是 | 配合当前打开句柄数使用 | |
| 42 | process.start.time | 应用启动时间点 | 是 | 显示在监控页面 | |
| 43 | process.files.open | 当前打开句柄数 | 是 | 监控文件句柄使用率，超过阈值后报警 | 重要 |
监控dashboard可使用grafana。
附录
SpringBoot1.x的metrics信息
{
"mem":568029,
"mem.free":164376,
"processors":16,
"instance.uptime":223643888,
"uptime":223835542,
"systemload.average":0.18,
"heap.committed":415232,
"heap.init":419840,
"heap.used":250855,
"heap":415232,
"nonheap.committed":156480,
"nonheap.init":2496,
"nonheap.used":152797,
"nonheap":0,
"threads.peak":114,
"threads.daemon":99,
"threads.totalStarted":234,
"threads":113,
"classes":15474,
"classes.loaded":15474,
"classes.unloaded":0,
"gc.ps_scavenge.count":1808,
"gc.ps_scavenge.time":99224,
"gc.ps_marksweep.count":3,
"gc.ps_marksweep.time":5314
}
SpringBoot2.0的metrics信息
{
"names":[
"jvm.memory.committed",
"http.server.requests",
"jvm.buffer.memory.used",
"jvm.gc.memory.allocated",
"tomcat.sessions.created",
"tomcat.sessions.expired",
"jvm.memory.used",
"tomcat.global.error",
"jvm.gc.max.data.size",
"system.cpu.count",
"jvm.memory.max",
"tomcat.global.sent",
"jvm.buffer.total.capacity",
"jvm.buffer.count",
"process.files.max",
"jvm.threads.daemon",
"process.start.time",
"tomcat.sessions.active.max",
"tomcat.global.request.max",
"jvm.gc.live.data.size",
"process.files.open",
"process.cpu.usage",
"tomcat.threads.current",
"tomcat.servlet.request",
"jvm.gc.pause",
"process.uptime",
"tomcat.threads.busy",
"system.load.average.1m",
"tomcat.cache.hit",
"tomcat.global.request",
"tomcat.servlet.error",
"tomcat.servlet.request.max",
"tomcat.cache.access",
"tomcat.sessions.active.current",
"system.cpu.usage",
"jvm.threads.live",
"jvm.classes.loaded",
"jvm.classes.unloaded",
"jvm.threads.peak",
"tomcat.threads.config.max",
"jvm.gc.memory.promoted",
"tomcat.sessions.rejected",
"tomcat.global.received",
"tomcat.sessions.alive.max"
]
}
SpringBoot2.0的metrics支持多tag，如：http://ip:port/demo-prometheus/actuator/metrics/jvm.memory.committed/