debian笔记

第一节
1.安装ssh
apt-get install ssh openssh-server

网卡设置 /etc/network/interfaces

将allow-hotplug eth0 设置为auto eth0

nano /etc/network/interfaces

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.1
        netmask 255.255.0.0
        broadcast 192.168.255.255
        gateway   192.168.0.1

重启网络
/etc/init.d/networking restart

编辑/etc/hosts
nano /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localdomian localhost

然后输入：
echo ls.ls.com>/etc/hostname

重启系统
shutdown -r now

hostname
hostname -f
ssh成功

----------------------------
更新系统

编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件，命令如下：
nano /etc/apt/sources.lis
加入如下源：
deb http://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian/etch main
deb-src http://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian/ etch main

然后输入：
apt-get update
更新apt封装数据库，命令如下：
apt-get upgrade
然后会安装更新的数据包

第二节DNS服务器的设置
1.补充内容

linux连接linux
ssh [email protected](对方IP)
exit登出

2.配置bind的dns服务器

DNS三种类型1.缓存域名服务器2.主域名服务器3.辅域名服务器

apt-get install bind9

apt-get isntall dnsutils
apt-get isntall bind9-host

 

/etc/bind/named.conf

首先 DNS指向自己
nano /etc/resolv.conf

search ls.ls.com
nameserver 192.168.0.2

修改/etc/bind/named.conf.options文件中提供对域名
正向解析和IP的反向解析

named.conf.options是named.conf的包含文件

nano /etc/bind/named.conf.options

配置内容如下：

options {
        directory "/var/cache/bind";
        allow-query { any; };
};

zone "example.com" {
     type master;
     file "foxitsoftware.com.db";
};

配置正向解析文件/var/cache/bind/ds.ls
cp /etc/bind/db.local /var/cache/bind/db.ls

 

//var/cache/bind#

vim example.com.db

$TTL    604800
@       IN SOA  @ ns01.example.com. (
                              2         ; Serial
                         604800         ; Refresh
                          86400         ; Retry
                        2419200         ; Expire
                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL

       NS  @
$ORIGIN example.com.
example.com      IN      MX      10      mail.example.com.
www        IN         A       192.168.2.222
mail       IN         A       192.168.2.222
rt         IN         A       192.168.2.222

重新启动
/usr/sbin/rndc reload

重新配置
/uer/sbin/rndc reconfig
语法检查：
 
named-checkconf named.conf.option

测试
host nslookup

host ls.ls.com
host IP 反向解析

 

 

第三节配置apache
安装
apt-get install apache2

安装elinks

apt-get install elinks

apache2.conf配置文件
对配置文件进行分割，利于管理
/etc/apache2/sites-available/default

端口ports.conf
conf.d编码

nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

DocumentRoot /var/www/lssite

注销这行 RedirectMatch ^/$ /apache2-default/

Errorlog /var/log/apache2/ls_error.log

 

删除默认的网页在apache2-default
mkdir /var/www/lssite
cd lssite
echo "it work">index.html

ls -l查看权限 index.html 能否访问

重启
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

cd /home
cd ls
mkdir public_html
cd public_html
nano index.html

cd /
a2enmod userdir
/etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload

 

 

 

 

mail:/etc/apache2/sites-available# ls
default  default-ssl  vhost_rt  wwwmydebian

NameVirtualHost *

ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
ServerName www.mysite.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite

Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None


Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/

AllowOverride None
Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
Order allow,deny
Allow from all

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/mysite_error.log
LogLevel warn
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/mysite_access.log combined
ServerSignature On

mail:/etc/apache2/sites-available# vim vhost_rt

ServerAdmin root@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/example_com/rt/htdocs
ServerName www.rt.com

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/www_rt_com_error.log
LogLevel warn
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/www_rt_com_access.log combined
ServerSignature On

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

mysql安装
1.数据库目录
/var/lib/mysql/
2.配置目录
/etc/mysql
3.命令文件
/usr/share/mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
4.启动脚本
/etc/init.d/mysql(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)

修改mysql密码
1.命令
#mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password新密码
2.
mysqladmin -u root password 123

create database+库名；
例如创建一个名字为ls的库
create database ls;
use ls;
create table sl;

create table sl(name varchar(20),sex varchar(20),birth date,
);

describe sl;

insert into sl values('ls','man','1978-8-8');
select * from sl;

 

--------------------
samba
apt-get install samba

/etc/samba/smb.conf
配置共享目录
[global]
log file=/var/log/samba/log.%m
[WOW]
comment=tem file
path=/WOW
read only=no
public=yes
重启/etc/init.d/samba restart

创建用户
touch /etc/samba/smbpasswd
smbpasswd -a 用户名(ls)

 

 

 

 

 

Debian 参考手册

http://www.linuxforum.net/forum/ubbthreads.php

 

http://docs.huihoo.com/debian/debian-study.html#id2861730

http://www.cmuch.com/p_w_uploads/month_0603/reference.zh-cn.html

http://www.cmuch.com/article.asp?id=51

 

 

在debian下安装local的问题要解决这个问题，其实很简单，只要执行下面几条命令，一切都会OK：

debian:~# apt-get install locales
debian:~# dpkg-reconfigure locales
debian:~# locale