【netty】AttributeKey、AttributeMap、Attribute

1. attributeKey

【netty】AttributeKey、AttributeMap、Attribute_第1张图片
attributeKey.png

1.1 ConstantPool

这个类主要是来缓存一些常量,和我之前写的cache类似的思想。
提供了3个关键的方法,valueOf、exists、newInstance,其中我们真正缓存容器还是jdk提供的 ConcurrentHashMap

1.1.1 valueOf

可以看出最关键的方法是 getOrCreate,这个方法最大的特点是采用类乐观锁的方式,当我们最后发现了 constant != null时,那么我们返回已经插入的 constant

    public T valueOf(Class firstNameComponent, String secondNameComponent) {
        return valueOf(firstNameComponent.getName() + '#' + secondNameComponent);
    }

    public T valueOf(String name) {
        return getOrCreate(name);
    }

    private T getOrCreate(String name) {
        T constant = constants.get(name);
        if (constant == null) {
            final T tempConstant = newConstant(nextId(), name);
            constant = constants.putIfAbsent(name, tempConstant);
            if (constant == null) {
                return tempConstant;
            }
        }
        return constant;
    }
1.1.2 newInstance

可以看出最关键的方法是 createOrThrow,这个方法最大的特点是采用类乐观锁的方式,当我们最后发现了 constant != null时,我们直接抛出异常。

    public T newInstance(String name) {
        return createOrThrow(name);
    }
    private T createOrThrow(String name) {
        T constant = constants.get(name);
        if (constant == null) {
            final T tempConstant = newConstant(nextId(), name);
            constant = constants.putIfAbsent(name, tempConstant);
            if (constant == null) {
                return tempConstant;
            }
        }

        throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("'%s' is already in use", name));
    }
1.1.3 valueOf和newInstance 对比

valueOf:如果 name 不存在就创建一个,且多线程随先创建返回谁。
newInstance : 如果name存在就抛出异常,且多线程创建,除了成功创建的那个线程外,其他线程抛出异常。

1.2 AttributeKey

AttributeKey是基于ConstantPool进行缓存的。

1.2.1 创建

可以看出,每个newConstant的id,是nextId,是逐渐递增。

//AttributeKey
private static final ConstantPool> pool = new ConstantPool>() {
        @Override
        protected AttributeKey newConstant(int id, String name) {
            return new AttributeKey(id, name);
        }
};

//ConstantPool
private T getOrCreate(String name) {
            final T tempConstant = newConstant(nextId(), name);
}
private T createOrThrow(String name) {
            final T tempConstant = newConstant(nextId(), name);
}

private final AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(1);
@Deprecated
    public final int nextId() {
        return nextId.getAndIncrement();
    }
 
 

2.AttributeMap

【netty】AttributeKey、AttributeMap、Attribute_第2张图片
AttributeMap.png

可以看出,唯一的实现类就是DefaultAttributeMap。
就两方法,attr 和 hasAttr。

2.1 DefaultAttributeMap

2.1.1 为啥要自己重新设计一个map类?

作者做出了解释

Not using ConcurrentHashMap due to high memory consumption.

显然,在大量连接数下,ConcurrentHashMap 显得非常吃内存,作者做出一定的抉择。

2.1.1 这个类的优点和缺点

优点:
代码少,简单,占用内存相对较小。

缺点:

  1. 单利模式没设计好,显然传统的double-check更优秀。
    可以看出,在多线程竞争下,attributes 可能创建多次,而传统的 double-check 只会创建一次。
    if (attributes == null) {
            attributes = new AtomicReferenceArray>(BUCKET_SIZE);
            if (!updater.compareAndSet(this, null, attributes)) {
                attributes = this.attributes;
            }
        }
  1. key在极端情况下可能练成一条线
    可以看出,最关键的还是key.id()这个方法,而这个方法是通过每次++一个int生成,在极端情况下,多次不同的key可以得到同一个index,这样结果显然不如直接array数组来的好
    int i = index(key);

    private static int index(AttributeKey key) {
        return key.id() & MASK;
    }
2.1.3 设计思想

通过 AttributeKey的id做一个划分,来做个分段锁。使用数组+链表作结构。
客观的评价,这个类写的勉勉强强

2.1.4 attr(AttributeKey key)

这是一个通过AttributeKey 获取 Attribute 的方法。如果找不到对应的Attribute ,就创建一个 Attribute

可以看出一个数组加链表的结构,且链表第一个元素必须为 空的DefaultAttribute元素,用来防止回滚

public  Attribute attr(AttributeKey key) {

    //我觉得double-check更好
        AtomicReferenceArray> attributes = this.attributes;
        if (attributes == null) {
            // Not using ConcurrentHashMap due to high memory consumption.
            attributes = new AtomicReferenceArray>(BUCKET_SIZE);

            if (!updater.compareAndSet(this, null, attributes)) {
                attributes = this.attributes;
            }
        }

        int i = index(key);
        DefaultAttribute head = attributes.get(i);
        if (head == null) {
            // No head exists yet which means we may be able to add the attribute without synchronization and just
            // use compare and set. At worst we need to fallback to synchronization and waste two allocations.
            head = new DefaultAttribute();//主要是 attributes.compareAndSet会引起替换操作,这里就是避免替换后还要回滚。
            DefaultAttribute attr = new DefaultAttribute(head, key);
            head.next = attr;
            attr.prev = head;
            if (attributes.compareAndSet(i, null, head)) {
                // we were able to add it so return the attr right away
                return attr;
            } else {
                head = attributes.get(i);
            }
        }

        synchronized (head) {
            DefaultAttribute curr = head;
            for (;;) {
                DefaultAttribute next = curr.next;
                if (next == null) {//如果一直找不到就生成一个
                    DefaultAttribute attr = new DefaultAttribute(head, key);
                    curr.next = attr;
                    attr.prev = curr;
                    return attr;
                }

                if (next.key == key && !next.removed) {//遍历过程
                    return (Attribute) next;
                }
                curr = next;
            }
        }
    }
2.1.4 hasAttr(AttributeKey key)

判断是否含有这个属性。

public  boolean hasAttr(AttributeKey key) {
        if (key == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("key");
        }
        AtomicReferenceArray> attributes = this.attributes;
        if (attributes == null) {
            // no attribute exists
            return false;
        }

        int i = index(key);
        DefaultAttribute head = attributes.get(i);
        if (head == null) {
            // No attribute exists which point to the bucket in which the head should be located
            return false;
        }

        // We need to synchronize on the head.
        synchronized (head) {
            // Start with head.next as the head itself does not store an attribute.
            DefaultAttribute curr = head.next;
            while (curr != null) {
                if (curr.key == key && !curr.removed) {
                    return true;
                }
                curr = curr.next;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

2.1.5 DefaultAttribute

private static final class DefaultAttribute extends AtomicReference implements Attribute {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = -2661411462200283011L;

        // The head of the linked-list this attribute belongs to
        private final DefaultAttribute head;
        private final AttributeKey key;

        // Double-linked list to prev and next node to allow fast removal
        private DefaultAttribute prev;
        private DefaultAttribute next;

        // Will be set to true one the attribute is removed via getAndRemove() or remove()
        private volatile boolean removed;

        DefaultAttribute(DefaultAttribute head, AttributeKey key) {
            this.head = head;
            this.key = key;
        }

        // Special constructor for the head of the linked-list.
        DefaultAttribute() {
            head = this;
            key = null;
        }

        @Override
        public AttributeKey key() {
            return key;
        }

        @Override
        public T setIfAbsent(T value) {
            while (!compareAndSet(null, value)) {
                T old = get();
                if (old != null) {
                    return old;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public T getAndRemove() {
            removed = true;
            T oldValue = getAndSet(null);
            remove0();
            return oldValue;
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {
            removed = true;
            set(null);
            remove0();
        }

        private void remove0() {
            synchronized (head) {
                if (prev == null) {
                    // Removed before.
                    return;
                }

                prev.next = next;

                if (next != null) {
                    next.prev = prev;
                }

                // Null out prev and next - this will guard against multiple remove0() calls which may corrupt
                // the linked list for the bucket.
                prev = null;
                next = null;
            }
        }
    }

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