一、自己编写的报警邮件监控系统与专业的监控软件的优缺点
自己编写的监控脚本优点
1、若在一台服务器上拷贝了编写的脚本则这台服务器会自己监控自己，若机器上发生了脚本编写的监控项目相关的错误，则会自己发送报警邮件。
2、这种自己编写的脚本比较小巧占用系统资源较少、功能可以定制化、不用专门抽一台或多台机器做监控的服务端。
3、由于自己编写的脚本若技术能力很强则可以实现监控的自动化，即不用找人每天专门搞监控。
缺点：
1、自己编写的脚本会出现很多bug，并且维护起来的容易程度会根据运维人员的经验有很大关系。
2、没有专业的监控软件所有的图像，（不是不能出来图像，是若要做出来需要投入较大的成本这并不是中小公司所能承受的）。
3、市场才主流的监控软件都有自己成熟的社区，若出现错误很容易搞定。
4、若监控的机器增多则没有专业的监控软件用的方便。
二、程序架构
/usr/local/sbin/
（主目录 mon）
___________________________|______________________________________
| | | | |
bin conf shares mail log
| | | | |
[main.sh] [ mon.conf] [load.sh 502.sh] [mail.php mail.sh] [ mon.log err.log ]
解释：
bin下是主程序，作为整个脚本的入口，是整个系统的命脉。
conf下是配置文件 ，是一个控制中心，用它来开关各个子程序，指定各个相关联的日志文件。
shares下是各个监控脚本 ，这个才是真正的监控脚本，用来监控各个指标。
mail下是邮件引擎 ，是由一个php程序来实现，它可以定义发邮件的服务器、发邮件人以及收邮件人。
log下是日志，整个监控系统要有日志输出。
三、编写脚本
1、编写bin目录下的主程序
[root@hpf-linux~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/mon/bin/main.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Written by aming.
# 是否发送邮件的开关
export send=1
# 过滤ip地址
export addr=`/sbin/ifconfig |grep -A1 'eth0' |grep addr: |awk '{print $2}'|awk -F: '{print $2}'`
dir=`pwd`
# 只需要最后一级目录名
last_dir=`echo $dir|awk -F'/' '{print $NF}'`
# 下面的判断目的是，保证执行脚本的时候，我们在bin目录里，不然监控脚本、邮件和日志很有可能找不到
if [ $last_dir == "bin" ] || [ $last_dir == "bin/" ];
then
conf_file="../conf/mon.conf"
else
echo "you shoud cd bin dir"
exit
fi
exec 1>>../log/mon.log 2>>../log/err.log
echo "`date +"%F %T"` load average"
/bin/bash ../shares/load.sh
#先检查配置文件中是否需要监控502
if [ grep -q 'to_mon_502=1' $conf_file ];
then
export log=`grep 'logfile=' $conf_file |awk -F '=' '{print $2}' |sed 's/ //g'`
/bin/bash ../shares/502.sh
fi
2、编写conf目录下配置文件
[root@hpf-linux ~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/mon/conf/mon.conf ## to config the options if to monitor ## httpd 如果是1则监控，为0不监控 to_mon_httpd=0 ## php 如果是1则监控，为0不监控 to_mon_php_socket=0 ## http_code_502 需要定义访问日志的路径 to_mon_502=1 logfile=/data/log/www.xxx.com/access.log ## request_count 定义日志路径以及域名 to_mon_request_count=0 req_log=/data/log/www.xxx.com/access.log domainname=www.xxx.com
3、编写shares目录下的各个监控脚本
[root@hpf-linux ~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/mon/shares/load.sh //负载监控脚本
#! /bin/bash
##Writen by aming##
load=`uptime |awk -F 'average: ' '{print $2}'|cut -d',' -f1|cut -d. -f1`
#这是根据你的CPU核心数的多少进行监控的
processor=`cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'processor' | wc -l`
if [ $load -gt $processor ] && [ $send -eq "1" ]
then
echo "$addr `date +%T` load is $load" >../log/load.tmp
/bin/bash ../mail/mail.sh $addr\_load $load ../log/load.tmp
fi
echo "`date +%T` load is $load"
[root@hpf-linux~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/mon/shares/502.sh //502网站错误监控脚本 #! /bin/bash d=`date -d "-1 min" +%H:%M` c_502=`grep :$d: $log |grep ' 502 '|wc -l` if [ $c_502 -gt 10 ] && [ $send == 1 ]; then echo "$addr $d 502 count is $c_502">../log/502.tmp /bin/bash ../mail/mail.sh $addr\_502 $c_502 ../log/502.tmp fi echo "`date +%T` 502 $c_502"
[root@hpf-linux~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/mon/shares/disk.sh //监控磁盘空间脚本
#! /bin/bash
##Writen by aming##
rm -f ../log/disk.tmp
for r in `df -h |awk -F '[ %]+' '{print $5}'|grep -v Use`
do
if [ $r -gt 90 ] && [ $send -eq "1" ]
then
echo "$addr `date +%T` disk useage is $r" >>../log/disk.tmp
fi
if [ -f ../log/disk.tmp ]
then
df -h >> ../log/disk.tmp
/bin/bash ../mail/mail.sh $addr\_disk $r ../log/disk.tmp
echo "`date +%T` disk useage is nook"
else
echo "`date +%T` disk useage is ok"
fi
4、编写mail目录下的邮件引擎和邮件发送脚本
注意：要使用邮件发送引擎时，要将你所使用的发送邮件邮箱用户的SMTP服务开启！
[root@hpf-linux~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/mon/mail/mail.php //邮件发送引擎
debug = FALSE;
$this->smtp_port = $smtp_port;
$this->relay_host = $relay_host;
$this->time_out = 30; //is used in fsockopen()
#
$this->auth = $auth;//auth
$this->user = $user;
$this->pass = $pass;
#
$this->host_name = "localhost"; //is used in HELO command
$this->log_file = "";
$this->sock = FALSE;
}
/* Main Function */
function sendmail($to, $from, $subject = "", $body = "", $mailtype, $cc = "", $bcc = "", $additional_headers = "")
{
$mail_from = $this->get_address($this->strip_comment($from));
$body = ereg_replace("(^|(\r\n))(\.)", "\1.\3", $body);
$header = "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n";
if($mailtype=="HTML"){
$header .= "Content-Type:text/html\r\n";
}
$header .= "To: ".$to."\r\n";
if ($cc != "") {
$header .= "Cc: ".$cc."\r\n";
}
$header .= "From: $from<".$from.">\r\n";
$header .= "Subject: ".$subject."\r\n";
$header .= $additional_headers;
$header .= "Date: ".date("r")."\r\n";
$header .= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/".phpversion().")\r\n";
list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$header .= "Message-ID: <".date("YmdHis", $sec).".".($msec*1000000).".".$mail_from.">\r\n";
$TO = explode(",", $this->strip_comment($to));
if ($cc != "") {
$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($cc)));
}
if ($bcc != "") {
$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($bcc)));
}
$sent = TRUE;
foreach ($TO as $rcpt_to) {
$rcpt_to = $this->get_address($rcpt_to);
if (!$this->smtp_sockopen($rcpt_to)) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to ".$rcpt_to."\n");
$sent = FALSE;
continue;
}
if ($this->smtp_send($this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body)) {
$this->log_write("E-mail has been sent to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
} else {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot send email to <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
$sent = FALSE;
}
fclose($this->sock);
$this->log_write("Disconnected from remote host\n");
}
return $sent;
}
/* Private Functions */
function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "")
{
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("HELO", $helo)) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
#auth
if($this->auth){
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode($this->user))) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("", base64_encode($this->pass))) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending HELO command");
}
}
#
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("MAIL", "FROM:<".$from.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending MAIL FROM command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("RCPT", "TO:<".$to.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending RCPT TO command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("DATA")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending DATA command");
}
if (!$this->smtp_message($header, $body)) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending message");
}
if (!$this->smtp_eom()) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending . [EOM]");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("QUIT")) {
return $this->smtp_error("sending QUIT command");
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen($address)
{
if ($this->relay_host == "") {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx($address);
} else {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay();
}
}
function smtp_sockopen_relay()
{
$this->log_write("Trying to ".$this->relay_host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connenct to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");
$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
return FALSE;
}
$this->log_write("Connected to relay host ".$this->relay_host."\n");
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen_mx($address)
{
$domain = ereg_replace("^.+@([^@]+)$", "\1", $address);
if (!@getmxrr($domain, $MXHOSTS)) {
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot resolve MX \"".$domain."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
foreach ($MXHOSTS as $host) {
$this->log_write("Trying to ".$host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Warning: Cannot connect to mx host ".$host."\n");
$this->log_write("Error: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
continue;
}
$this->log_write("Connected to mx host ".$host."\n");
return TRUE;
}
$this->log_write("Error: Cannot connect to any mx hosts (".implode(", ", $MXHOSTS).")\n");
return FALSE;
}
function smtp_message($header, $body)
{
fputs($this->sock, $header."\r\n".$body);
$this->smtp_debug("> ".str_replace("\r\n", "\n"."> ", $header."\n> ".$body."\n> "));
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_eom()
{
fputs($this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug(". [EOM]\n");
return $this->smtp_ok();
}
function smtp_ok()
{
$response = str_replace("\r\n", "", fgets($this->sock, 512));
$this->smtp_debug($response."\n");
if (!ereg("^[23]", $response)) {
fputs($this->sock, "QUIT\r\n");
fgets($this->sock, 512);
$this->log_write("Error: Remote host returned \"".$response."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "")
{
if ($arg != "") {
if($cmd=="") $cmd = $arg;
else $cmd = $cmd." ".$arg;
}
fputs($this->sock, $cmd."\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug("> ".$cmd."\n");
return $this->smtp_ok();
}
function smtp_error($string)
{
$this->log_write("Error: Error occurred while ".$string.".\n");
return FALSE;
}
function log_write($message)
{
$this->smtp_debug($message);
if ($this->log_file == "") {
return TRUE;
}
$message = date("M d H:i:s ").get_current_user()."[".getmypid()."]: ".$message;
if (!@file_exists($this->log_file) || !($fp = @fopen($this->log_file, "a"))) {
$this->smtp_debug("Warning: Cannot open log file \"".$this->log_file."\"\n");
return FALSE;;
}
flock($fp, LOCK_EX);
fputs($fp, $message);
fclose($fp);
return TRUE;
}
function strip_comment($address)
{
$comment = "\([^()]*\)";
while (ereg($comment, $address)) {
$address = ereg_replace($comment, "", $address);
}
return $address;
}
function get_address($address)
{
$address = ereg_replace("([ \t\r\n])+", "", $address);
$address = ereg_replace("^.*<(.+)>.*$", "\1", $address);
return $address;
}
function smtp_debug($message)
{
if ($this->debug) {
echo $message;
}
}
}
$file = $argv[2];
$smtpserver = "smtp.qq.com";//SMTP服务器
$smtpserverport = "25";//SMTP服务器端口
$smtpusermail = "[email protected]";//SMTP服务器的用户邮箱
$smtpemailto = "[email protected]";//发送给谁
$smtpuser = "XXXXXX";//SMTP服务器的用户帐号
$smtppass = "XXXXXX";//SMTP服务器的用户密码
$mailsubject = $argv[1];//邮件主题
$mailbody = file_get_contents($file);//邮件内容
$mailtype = "HTML";//邮件格式（HTML/TXT）,TXT为文本邮件
$smtp = new smtp($smtpserver,$smtpserverport,true,$smtpuser,$smtppass);//这里面的一个true是表示使用身份验证,否则不使用身份验证.
//$smtp->debug = TRUE;//是否显示发送的调试信息
$smtp->sendmail($smtpemailto, $smtpusermail, $mailsubject, $mailbody, $mailtype);
?>
[root@hpf-linux~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/mon/mail/mail.sh //邮件发送脚本
#!/bin/bash
log=$1
t_s=`date +%s`
t_s2=`date -d "2 hours ago" +%s`
if [ ! -f /tmp/$log ]
then
echo $t_s2 > /tmp/$log
fi
t_s2=`tail -1 /tmp/$log|awk '{print $1}'`
echo $t_s>>/tmp/$log
v=$[$t_s-$t_s2]
echo $v
if [ $v -gt 3600 ]
then
/dir/to/php ../mail/mail.php "$1 $2" "$3"
echo "0" > /tmp/$log.txt
else
if [ ! -f /tmp/$log.txt ]
then
echo "0" > /tmp/$log.txt
fi
nu=`cat /tmp/$log.txt`
nu2=$[$nu+1]
echo $nu2>/tmp/$log.txt
if [ $nu2 -gt 10 ]
then
/dir/to/php ../mail/mail.php "trouble continue 10 min $1 $2 " "$3"
echo "0" > /tmp/$log.txt
fi
fi
写在最后：
上面的shell脚本程序以不是我写出来的是由我的老师阿铭写的（我的博客有他的链接），关于其内容是对于自己今后若要使用具有一定的借鉴，但是由于目前的监控软件做的很全面这个脚本具体用到的可能不是很多，但其的内容很值得我们学习，在编程上只有多动手、多查看高手编写的代码并能应用才能走的更远！
还有关于开头的关于shell编写的邮件报警系统的认识是我目前对于linux监控的认识，若有不对还请批评指正！勿喷！