MySQL游标的使用

创建游标

首先在MySql中创建一张数据表:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `store` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=7;

INSERT INTO `store` (`id`, `name`, `count`) VALUES
(1, 'android', 15),
(2, 'iphone', 14),
(3, 'iphone', 20),
(4, 'android', 5),
(5, 'android', 13),
(6, 'iphone', 13);

我们现在要用存储过程做一个功能,统计iphone的总库存是多少,并把总数输出到控制台。

--在windows系统中写存储过程时,如果需要使用declare声明变量,需要添加这个关键字,否则会报错。
delimiter //
drop procedure if exists StatisticStore;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore()
BEGIN
    --创建接收游标数据的变量
    declare c int;
    declare n varchar(20);
    --创建总数变量
    declare total int default 0;
    --创建结束标志变量
    declare done int default false;
    --创建游标
    declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
    --指定游标循环结束时的返回值
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
    --设置初始值
    set total = 0;
    --打开游标
    open cur;
    --开始循环游标里的数据
    read_loop:loop
    --根据游标当前指向的一条数据
    fetch cur into n,c;
    --判断游标的循环是否结束
    if done then
        leave read_loop;    --跳出游标循环
    end if;
    --获取一条数据时,将count值进行累加操作,这里可以做任意你想做的操作,
    set total = total + c;
    --结束游标循环
    end loop;
    --关闭游标
    close cur;

    --输出结果
    select total;
END;
--调用存储过程
call StatisticStore();

fetch是获取游标当前指向的数据行,并将指针指向下一行,当游标已经指向最后一行时继续执行会造成游标溢出。
使用loop循环游标时,他本身是不会监控是否到最后一条数据了,像下面代码这种写法,就会造成死循环;

read_loop:loop
fetch cur into n,c;
set total = total+c;
end loop;

在MySql中,造成游标溢出时会引发mysql预定义的NOT FOUND错误,所以在上面使用下面的代码指定了当引发not found错误时定义一个continue 的事件,指定这个事件发生时修改done变量的值。

declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true; 

所以在循环时加上了下面这句代码:

--判断游标的循环是否结束
if done then
    leave read_loop;    --跳出游标循环
end if;

如果done的值是true,就结束循环。继续执行下面的代码。

使用方式
游标有三种使用方式:第一种就是上面的实现,使用loop循环;第二种方式如下,使用while循环:

drop procedure if exists StatisticStore1;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore1()
BEGIN
    declare c int;
    declare n varchar(20);
    declare total int default 0;
    declare done int default false;
    declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
    set total = 0;
    open cur;
    fetch cur into n,c;
    while(not done) do
        set total = total + c;
        fetch cur into n,c;
    end while;
    
    close cur;
    select total;
END;

第三种方式是使用repeat执行:

drop procedure if exists StatisticStore2;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore2()
BEGIN
    declare c int;
    declare n varchar(20);
    declare total int default 0;
    declare done int default false;
    declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
    set total = 0;
    open cur;
    repeat
    fetch cur into n,c;
    if not done then
        set total = total + c;
    end if;
    until done end repeat;
    close cur;
    select total;
END;

游标嵌套

在mysql中,每个begin end 块都是一个独立的scope区域,由于MySql中同一个error的事件只能定义一次,如果多定义的话在编译时会提示Duplicate handler declared in the same block。

drop procedure if exists StatisticStore3;
CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore3()
BEGIN
    declare _n varchar(20);
    declare done int default false;
    declare cur cursor for select name from store group by name;
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
    open cur;
    read_loop:loop
    fetch cur into _n;
    if done then
        leave read_loop;
    end if;
    begin
        declare c int;
        declare n varchar(20);
        declare total int default 0;
        declare done int default false;
        declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
        declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
        set total = 0;
        open cur;
        iphone_loop:loop
        fetch cur into n,c;
        if done then
            leave iphone_loop;
        end if;
        set total = total + c;
        end loop;
        close cur;
        select _n,n,total;
    end;
    begin
            declare c int;
            declare n varchar(20);
            declare total int default 0;
            declare done int default false;
            declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'android';
            declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
            set total = 0;
            open cur;
            android_loop:loop
            fetch cur into n,c;
            if done then
                leave android_loop;
            end if;
            set total = total + c;
            end loop;
            close cur;
        select _n,n,total;
    end;
    begin
    
    end;
    end loop;
    close cur;
END;

call StatisticStore3();

转载:http://blog.csdn.net/liguo9860/article/details/50848216

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