EventBus-Kotlin

作为一个Android开发者,如果你还没开始使用Kotlin,那么你可能要思考下自己的步伐是不是慢了。本文带着大家动手来写一个Kotlin版本的EventBus,一方面来看看Kotlin长什么样,一方面理解下EventBus的设计思想。

EventBus原理

EventBus 是基于观察者模式,核心是事件。通过事件的发布和订阅实现组件之间的通信,EventBus默认是一个单例存在,在Java中还需要使用Synchronized来保证线程安全。

通俗来讲,EventBus通过注册将所有订阅事件的方法储存在集合中,当有事件发布的时候,根据某些规则,匹配出符合条件的方法,调用执行,从而实现组件间的通信。

发布的事件相当于被观察者,注册的对象相当于观察者,被观察者和观察者是一对多的关系。当被观察者状态发生变化,即发布事件的时候,观察者对象将会得到通知并作出响应,即执行对应的方法。

入口-EventBus

还是直接粘贴上代码吧,毕竟这是最直观的。


package core.zs.eventbus

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
import java.util.concurrent.Executors

/**
 * EventBus.
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */
object EventBus {

    // 因为注册,取消可能耗时,因此使用多线程进行管理
    private val executorService: ExecutorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool()

    // 默认的事件tag为""
    private const val TAG_DEFAULT = ""
    // 很据事件类型找到所有的注解方法信息
    private val subscriberMap = mutableMapOf>()
    // Method find helper
    private val methodFinder = SubscriberMethodFinder(subscriberMap)

    /**
     * 注册观察者。
     * @param obj 观察者对象
     */
    fun register(obj: Any) = executorService.execute {
        methodFinder.findSubscribeMethods(obj)
    }


    /**
     * 发送事件通知。
     * @param event 事件
     * @param tag 事件标签,默认值为“”
     */
    @JvmOverloads
    fun post(event: IEvent, tag: String = TAG_DEFAULT) {
        val eventType = EventType(event.javaClass, tag)
        val list = methodFinder.getMatchEventType(eventType)
        list?.let {
            EventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(event, it)
        }
    }


    /**
     * 取消观察者。
     * @param obj 观察者对象
     */
    fun unregister(obj: Any) = executorService.execute {
        methodFinder.removeSubscriberMethod(obj)
    }

    fun getExecutorService() = executorService

}

设计要点:

  1. EventBus类型为object,实际上编译为Java后是一个单例的存在。
  2. 注册和取消注册使用线程,因为查找的的过程是一个耗时的存在。(你可以考虑使用编译时注解)
  3. post使用了默认参数,默认参数为"",你甚至可以忽略它的存在;但是当你需要特别定制接收同一事件类型的方法时,它会体现出用处。
  4. 为什么没使用Builder模式来实现EventBus?答:没事件。
  5. 根据事件的类型[EventType]来存储观察者信息。

事件类型EventType


package core.zs.eventbus

/**
 * 记录事件类型信息。
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */
class EventType(private val eventClass: Class<*>, private val tag: String) {
    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
        // 比较内存引用地址,相同则返回 true
        if (this === other) {
            return true
        }
        // 判断是否为空,是否属于同一种类型
        if (other == null || (other.javaClass.name !== this.javaClass.name)) {
            return false
        }
        // 能执行到这里,说明obj和this同类且非 null
        val eventType = other as EventType
        val tagJudge = tag == eventType.tag
        val eventJudge = eventClass.name == eventType.eventClass.name
        // tag相同
        // EventType是同一个类型
        return tagJudge && eventJudge
    }

    override fun hashCode(): Int {
        var hash = 7
        hash = hash * 31 + eventClass.hashCode()
        hash = hash * 31 + tag.hashCode()
        return hash
    }
}

设计要点:

  1. 此类的存在主要是为了存储事件类型信息。
  2. 因为此类是作为Map的key存在,所以eventClass和tag的类型均为val不可变。
  3. 同样是作为key的原因,我们重写了equals和hashCode方法。

注解-Subscriber

注解对于大家太常见了,在使用一些注入框架时经常见到,Subscriber注解用于标注订阅事件的方法。

package core.zs.eventbus.annotation

import core.zs.eventbus.ThreadMode

/**
 *  事件接受方法的注解类
 *  tag:事件tag
 *  mode:观察者处理事件的线程,默认为post
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */
@Target(AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION) // 在方法上使用
@Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME) // 运行时注解,因为要使用反射
annotation class Subscriber(val tag: String, val mode: ThreadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING)

设计要点:

  1. 注解使用在方法上。
  2. 因为要反射解析注解,因此使用运行时注解。

IEvent

package core.zs.eventbus

/**
 * 事件实现接口.
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */
abstract class IEvent

设计点:

  1. 仅仅是作为一个标示存在,检查订阅方法的参数必须继承了IEvent。
  2. 如果对事件有要求,可以修改该类。

Subscription


package core.zs.eventbus

import java.lang.ref.WeakReference
import java.lang.reflect.Method

/**
 * 订阅方法的详细信息
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */
class Subscription(val subscriber: WeakReference,
                   private val targetMethod: Method,
                   val threadMode: ThreadMode) {

    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
        if (this === other) {
            return true
        }

        if (other == null || (other::class !== this::class)) {
            return false
        }

        val subscription = other as Subscription
        val judgeSubscriber = this.subscriber.get() === subscription.subscriber.get()
        val judgeMethod = this.targetMethod.name == subscription.targetMethod.name
        return judgeSubscriber && judgeMethod
    }

    override fun hashCode(): Int {
        var hash = 7
        hash = hash * 31 + subscriber.hashCode()
        hash = hash * 31 + targetMethod.hashCode()
        hash = hash * 31 + threadMode.hashCode()
        return hash
    }

    /**
     * 根据传入的实例,反射调用实例方法。
     */
    internal fun invoke(event: IEvent) {
        targetMethod.invoke(subscriber.get(), event)
    }
}

设计要点:

  1. 该类用于存储订阅者的详细信息。
  2. 为了防止重复存储,重写了equals和hashCode方法。
  3. 为了后面的反射调用方法,设计了invoke方法。

SubscriberMethodFinder-发现者

详细如果你仔细阅读了EventBus的代码,已经对该类优点眼熟,它主要用于实际的查找观察者、移除观察者。

package core.zs.eventbus

import core.zs.eventbus.annotation.Subscriber
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList

/**
 * 订阅者辅助类
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */
class SubscriberMethodFinder(private val subscriberMap: MutableMap>) {

    companion object {
        private val BRIDGE = 0x40
        private val SYNTHETIC = 0x1000
        private val MODIFIERS_IGNORE = Modifier.ABSTRACT or Modifier.STATIC or BRIDGE or SYNTHETIC
    }


    /**
     * 查找订阅者中所有的注解信息。
     * @param subscriber 订阅者
     */
    @Synchronized
    fun findSubscribeMethods(subscriber: Any) {
        var clazz: Class<*>? = subscriber.javaClass
        while (clazz != null && !isSystemClass(clazz.name)) {
            var methods = try {
                // 返回所有的方法,包括public/private/protected/default
                clazz.declaredMethods
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                // public方法
                clazz.methods
            }

            for (method in methods) {
                val modifiers = method.modifiers
                // 过滤方法的修饰符
                if (Modifier.PUBLIC and modifiers != 0 && modifiers and MODIFIERS_IGNORE == 0) {
                    // 获取到注解
                    val annotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscriber::class.java)
                    // 如果注解不为空
                    if (annotation != null) {
                        val parameterTypes = method.parameterTypes
                        // 方法只接收一个参数
                        parameterTypes?.let {
                            if (parameterTypes.size == 1) {
                                var type = parameterTypes[0]
                                if (isAssignableFrom(IEvent::class.java, type)) {
                                    val eventType = EventType(type as Class, annotation.tag)
                                    val subscription = Subscription(WeakReference(subscriber), method, annotation.mode)
                                    // 保存订阅信息
                                    subscribe(eventType, subscription)
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            clazz = clazz.superclass
        }
    }


    @Synchronized
    private fun subscribe(type: EventType, subscription: Subscription) {
        var subscriptionLists: CopyOnWriteArrayList? = getMatchEventType(type)
        if (subscriptionLists == null) {
            subscriptionLists = CopyOnWriteArrayList()
        }

        // 这就是为什么我们要重写equals和hashCode方法的原因
        if (subscriptionLists.contains(subscription)) {
            return
        }

        subscriptionLists.add(subscription)
        // 将事件类型key和订阅者信息存储到map中
        subscriberMap.put(type, subscriptionLists)
    }


    internal fun getMatchEventType(type: EventType): CopyOnWriteArrayList? {
        val keys = subscriberMap.keys
        return keys.firstOrNull { it == type }?.let { subscriberMap[it] }
    }


    @Synchronized
    fun removeSubscriberMethod(subscriber: Any) {
        // 注意删除的时候要使用迭代器
        var iterator = subscriberMap.values.iterator()
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            val subscriptions: MutableList? = iterator.next()
            subscriptions?.let { it: MutableList? ->
                val subIterator = it!!.iterator()
                while (subIterator.hasNext()) {
                    val subscription = subIterator.next()
                    // 获取引用
                    val cacheObject = subscription.subscriber.get()
                    cacheObject?.let {
                        if (isSameObject(cacheObject, subscriber)) {
                            subscriptions.remove(subscription)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // 如果针对某个Event的订阅者数量为空了,那么需要从map中清除
            if (subscriptions == null || subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
                iterator.remove()
            }
        }
    }

    /** 判断是否是同一个对象 */
    private fun isSameObject(subOne: Any, subTwo: Any) = subOne === subTwo

    // 判断类是否为系统类
    private fun isSystemClass(clazzName: String): Boolean {
        if (clazzName.startsWith("java.") || clazzName.startsWith("javax.") || clazzName.startsWith("android.")) {
            return true
        }
        return false
    }

    // 判断某个类是否实现了IEvent接口
    private fun isAssignableFrom(a: Class<*>, b: Class<*>): Boolean = a.isAssignableFrom(b)
}

EventDispatcher-事件分发者

看下怎样发送一个事件:

    /**
     * 发送事件通知。
     * @param event 事件
     * @param tag 事件标签,默认值为“”
     */
    @JvmOverloads
    fun post(event: IEvent, tag: String = TAG_DEFAULT) {
        val eventType = EventType(event.javaClass, tag)
        // 找出所有的事件订阅者
        val list = methodFinder.getMatchEventType(eventType)
        list?.let {
            // 分发事件
            EventDispatcher.dispatchEvent(event, it)
        }
    }

EventDispatcher的实现:



package core.zs.eventbus

import android.os.Looper
import core.zs.eventbus.handler.*
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList

/**
 * 事件分发者
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */

object EventDispatcher {

    private val postHandler = PostEventHandler()
    private val mainHandler = MainEventHandler(Looper.getMainLooper())
    private val asyncHandler = AsyncEventHandler()
    private val bgHandler = BackgroundHandler()

    fun dispatchEvent(event: IEvent, list: CopyOnWriteArrayList) =
            list.forEach { it: Subscription ->
                it.let {
                    val subscriber = it.subscriber.get()
                    subscriber?.let { subscriber: Any ->
                        val eventHandler = getEventHandler(it.threadMode)
                        eventHandler.handleEvent(it, event)
                    }
                }
            }

    // 很据ThreadMode获取对应的事件处理器
    private fun getEventHandler(mode: ThreadMode): EventHandler = when (mode) {
        ThreadMode.POSTING -> postHandler
        ThreadMode.ASYNC -> asyncHandler
        ThreadMode.MAIN -> mainHandler
        ThreadMode.BACKGROUND -> bgHandler
    }
}


实现的是如此的easy。

EventHandler

我们在设计注解的时候,定义了一个订阅者执行线程的模式。

package core.zs.eventbus

/**
 * ThreadMode枚举类
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/5.
 */
enum class ThreadMode {
    POSTING, MAIN, ASYNC, BACKGROUND
}

说实话这个类完全是看的Java EventBus的代码。

EventHandler的实现:

package core.zs.eventbus.handler

import core.zs.eventbus.IEvent
import core.zs.eventbus.Subscription


interface EventHandler {
    fun handleEvent(subscription: Subscription, event: IEvent)
}

设计要点:

  1. EventHandler就是一个接口。
  2. 如果你需要,你完全可以实现该接口。
  3. 为了对应ThreadMode的几种模式,设计实现了四种类型的事件处理。

PostEventHandler


package core.zs.eventbus.handler

import core.zs.eventbus.IEvent
import core.zs.eventbus.Subscription


class PostEventHandler : EventHandler {
    override fun handleEvent(subscription: Subscription, event: IEvent) =subscription.invoke(event)
}

package core.zs.eventbus.handler

import android.os.Handler
import android.os.Looper
import android.os.Message
import core.zs.eventbus.IEvent
import core.zs.eventbus.PendingPost
import core.zs.eventbus.PendingPostQueue
import core.zs.eventbus.Subscription

class MainEventHandler(looper: Looper) : Handler(looper), EventHandler {
    private val queue: PendingPostQueue = PendingPostQueue()
    private var handlerActive = false
    override fun handleMessage(msg: Message?) {
        while (true) {
            var pendingPost = queue.poll()
            if (pendingPost == null) {
                synchronized(this) {
                    pendingPost = queue.poll()
                    if (pendingPost == null) {
                        handlerActive = false
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
            pendingPost!!.subscription!!.invoke(pendingPost!!.event!!)
            PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost!!)
        }
    }

    override fun handleEvent(subscription: Subscription, event: IEvent) {
        val post = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event)
        synchronized(this) {
            queue.enqueue(post)
            if (!handlerActive) {
                handlerActive = true
                sendMessage(Message.obtain())
            }

        }
    }
}

AsyncEventHandler

package core.zs.eventbus.handler

import core.zs.eventbus.*

class AsyncEventHandler : EventHandler {
    private val queue: PendingPostQueue = PendingPostQueue()

    override fun handleEvent(subscription: Subscription, event: IEvent) {
        val pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event)
        queue.enqueue(pendingPost)
        EventBus.getExecutorService().execute {
            val pendingPost = queue.poll() ?: throw IllegalStateException("No pending post available")
            pendingPost.subscription!!.invoke(pendingPost!!.event!!)
            PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost)
        }
    }
}

BackgroundHandler


package core.zs.eventbus.handler

import core.zs.eventbus.*

class BackgroundHandler : Runnable, EventHandler {

    private val queue: PendingPostQueue = PendingPostQueue()

    @Volatile
    private var executorRunning: Boolean = false

    override fun handleEvent(subscription: Subscription, event: IEvent) {
        val pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event)
        synchronized(this) {
            queue.enqueue(pendingPost)
            if (!executorRunning) {
                executorRunning = true
                EventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this)
            }
        }
    }

    override fun run() = try {
        try {
            while (true) {
                var pendingPost = queue.poll(1000)
                if (pendingPost == null) {
                    synchronized(this) {
                        pendingPost = queue.poll()
                        if (pendingPost == null) {
                            executorRunning = false
                            return
                        }
                    }
                }
                pendingPost!!.subscription!!.invoke(pendingPost!!.event!!)
                PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost!!)
            }
        } catch (e: InterruptedException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }
    } finally {
        executorRunning = false
    }
}

PendingPost缓存池

缓存池的实现主要包含两块内容:PendingPostQueue和PendingPost,使用了常规的实现。

PendingPostQueue

package core.zs.eventbus

/**
 * PendingPost队列
 *
 * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/6.
 */
class PendingPostQueue {
    private var head: PendingPost? = null
    private var tail: PendingPost? = null

    @Synchronized
    fun enqueue(post: PendingPost) = when {
        tail != null -> {
            tail!!.next = post
            tail = post
        }
        head == null -> {
            head = post
            tail = post
        }
        else -> throw IllegalStateException("Head present, but no tail")
    }

    @Synchronized
    fun poll(): PendingPost? {
        val post = head
        if (head != null) {
            head = head!!.next
            if (head == null) {
                tail = null
            }
        }
        return post
    }

    @Synchronized
    @Throws(InterruptedException::class)
    fun poll(maxMillisToWait: Int): PendingPost? {
        if (head == null) {
            Thread.sleep(maxMillisToWait.toLong())
        }
        return poll()
    }
}


PendingPost:

package core.zs.eventbus

/**
 * 待处理请求。
* 使用缓存池进行管理请求。 * * Created by Jonash on 2018/2/6. */ class PendingPost(var event: IEvent?, var subscription: Subscription?, var next: PendingPost? = null) { companion object { private val pool = arrayListOf() @JvmStatic fun obtainPendingPost(subscription: Subscription, event: IEvent): PendingPost { if (pool.size > 0) { val pendingPost = pool.removeAt(pool.size - 1) pendingPost.next = null pendingPost.subscription = subscription pendingPost.event = event return pendingPost } return PendingPost(event, subscription) } @JvmStatic fun releasePendingPost(pendingPost: PendingPost) { pendingPost.event = null pendingPost.subscription = null pendingPost.next = null synchronized(pool) { if (pool.size < 1000) { pool.add(pendingPost) } } } } }

总结语

EventBus在我们的开发中如此常见,以至于我们才动手实现了这个简化Kotlin版本,希望你看完有所收获。

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