一、安装环境介绍：
演示的mongo的安装环境：
二进制安装包mongoDB3.6.16
给mongodb授权超级管理员账户：
mongo --host 127.0.0.1 --port 6068
db.createUser({user: 'root', pwd:'TdLLQ6689', roles:[{role: 'root', db: 'admin'}]});
use admin
db.auth("root","TdLLQ6689")建库建表模拟数据：
use dbtest001
db.chenji.insert({"name":"小花","年级":"二年级","性别":"男","爱好":"学习"})
use dbtest002
db.xiangmu.insert({"name":"小花","年级":"二年级","性别":"男","爱好":"学习"})
db.mumu.insert({"name":"小花","年级":"二年级","性别":"男","爱好":"学习"})提示：此次演示备份和恢复主要采用超级账户root来进行演示
二、mongodump备份命令介绍：
2.1语法和参数说明：
mongodump -h dbhost -u xxx -p xxx -d dbname -o dbdirectory
参数介绍：
-h 指明数据库宿主机的IP
--port 指明数据库的端口
-u 指明数据库的用户名
-p 指明数据库的密码
-d 指明数据库的名字
-c 指明collection的名字
-o 指明到要导出的文件名
-q 指明导出数据的过滤条件
--authenticationDatabase 验证数据的名称
--gzip 备份时压缩
--oplog use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot
提前创建好演示的备份目录：
mkdir full # 全量备份
mkdir single_db # 单库备份
mkdir single_db_col # 库中表备份
mkdir single_db.gzip # 库备份压缩
mkdir single_db_col.gzip # 库中表备份压缩
2.2全量备份:
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 -o /root/full
2020-01-04T18:13:18.271+0800 writing admin.system.users to
2020-01-04T18:13:18.272+0800 done dumping admin.system.users (7 documents)
2020-01-04T18:13:18.272+0800 writing admin.system.version to
2020-01-04T18:13:18.273+0800 done dumping admin.system.version (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:13:18.273+0800 writing dbtest001.chenji to
2020-01-04T18:13:18.273+0800 writing dbtest002.mumu to
2020-01-04T18:13:18.273+0800 writing dbtest002.xiangmu to
2020-01-04T18:13:18.274+0800 done dumping dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
2020-01-04T18:13:18.274+0800 done dumping dbtest001.chenji (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:13:18.290+0800 done dumping dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
[root@localhost ~]# cd full/
[root@localhost full]# ls
admin dbtest001 dbtest0022.3单库备份:
采用超级账户root备份备份失败：
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 -d dbtest001 -o /root/single_db
2020-01-04T18:22:20.087+0800 Failed: error connecting to db server: server returned error on SASL authentication step: Authentication failed.解决办法如下：
第一种方法：添加--authenticationDatabase admin
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest001 -o /root/single_db
2020-01-04T18:37:46.926+0800 writing dbtest001.chenji to
2020-01-04T18:37:46.927+0800 done dumping dbtest001.chenji (2 documents)
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest002 -o /root/single_db
2020-01-04T18:37:54.253+0800 writing dbtest002.xiangmu to
2020-01-04T18:37:54.253+0800 writing dbtest002.mumu to
2020-01-04T18:37:54.254+0800 done dumping dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:37:54.254+0800 done dumping dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
[root@localhost ~]# tree /root/single_db
/root/single_db
├── dbtest001
│ ├── chenji.bson
│ └── chenji.metadata.json
└── dbtest002
├── mumu.bson
├── mumu.metadata.json
├── xiangmu.bson
└── xiangmu.metadata.json
2 directories, 6 files第二种方法：针对单独的库授权读写权限进行备份
[root@localhost ~]# mongo --host 127.0.0.1 --port 6068
MongoDB shell version v3.6.16
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:6068/?gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("93f83e64-71ca-4b1d-b599-508b7fba8722") }
MongoDB server version: 3.6.16
> use dbtest001
>db.auth("root","TdLLQ6689")
> use dbtest001
>db.createUser({user: 'backupuser', pwd:'TdLLQ6689', roles:[{role: 'readWrite', db: 'dbtest001'}]});
> use dbtest002
>db.createUser({user: 'backupuser', pwd:'TdLLQ6689', roles:[{role: 'readWrite', db: 'dbtest002'}]});[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u backupuser -p TdLLQ6689 -d dbtest001 -o /root/single_db
2020-01-04T18:24:15.243+0800 writing dbtest001.chenji to
2020-01-04T18:24:15.244+0800 done dumping dbtest001.chenji (2 documents)
[root@localhost ~]# ll /root/single_db/dbtest001/chenji.*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 1月 4 18:24 /root/single_db/dbtest001/chenji.bson
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130 1月 4 18:24 /root/single_db/dbtest001/chenji.metadata.json
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u backupuser -p TdLLQ6689 -d dbtest002 -o /root/single_db
2020-01-04T18:28:39.523+0800 writing dbtest002.xiangmu to
2020-01-04T18:28:39.523+0800 writing dbtest002.mumu to
2020-01-04T18:28:39.524+0800 done dumping dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:28:39.524+0800 done dumping dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
[root@localhost ~]# cd /root/single_db
[root@localhost single_db]# ls
dbtest001 dbtest0022.4备份单库中指定的单表：
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest002 -c xiangmu -o /root/single_db_col
2020-01-04T18:34:30.260+0800 writing dbtest002.xiangmu to
2020-01-04T18:34:30.261+0800 done dumping dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
[root@localhost ~]# ll /root/single_db_col/dbtest002/
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 1月 4 18:34 xiangmu.bson
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 131 1月 4 18:34 xiangmu.metadata.json2.5库表备份压缩：
2.5.1库备份压缩：
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest002 -o /root/single_db --gzip
2020-01-04T18:44:28.558+0800 writing dbtest002.xiangmu to
2020-01-04T18:44:28.559+0800 writing dbtest002.mumu to
2020-01-04T18:44:28.560+0800 done dumping dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:44:28.561+0800 done dumping dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
[root@localhost ~]# tree single_db
single_db
└── dbtest002
├── mumu.bson.gz
├── mumu.metadata.json.gz
├── xiangmu.bson.gz
└── xiangmu.metadata.json.gz
1 directory, 4 files2.5.2库中表备份压缩：
[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest001 -o /root/single_db_col.gzip --gzip
2020-01-04T18:41:08.459+0800 writing dbtest001.chenji to
2020-01-04T18:41:08.460+0800 done dumping dbtest001.chenji (2 documents)
[root@localhost dbtest001]# ll /root/single_db_col.gzip/dbtest001
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124 1月 4 18:41 chenji.bson.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 132 1月 4 18:41 chenji.metadata.json.gz三、mongorestore恢复备份数据命令介绍
3.1语法和参数介绍：
mongorestore -h
--host <:port>, -h <:port>：mongoDB所在服务器地址，默认为： localhost:27017
-h 指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u 指明数据库的用户名
-p 指明数据库的密码
-d 指明数据库的名字 ## database to use when restoring from a BSON file
-c 指明collection的名字 ##collection to use when restoring from a BSON file
-o 指明到要导出的文件名
-q 指明导出数据的过滤条件
--authenticationDatabase 验证数据的名称
--gzip 备份时压缩
--oplog use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot
--drop 恢复的时候把之前的集合drop掉
3.2利用全备份恢复到库里：
提示：利用全备份直接恢复到线上的库中会提示key冲突，恢复时要采用参数--drop 把之前的集合drop掉
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin ./full/
2020-01-04T18:55:43.409+0800 preparing collections to restore from
2020-01-04T18:55:43.414+0800 reading metadata for dbtest001.chenji from full/dbtest001/chenji.metadata.json
2020-01-04T18:55:43.414+0800 restoring dbtest001.chenji from full/dbtest001/chenji.bson
2020-01-04T18:55:43.415+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.metadata.json
2020-01-04T18:55:43.415+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.metadata.json
2020-01-04T18:55:43.415+0800 restoring dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.bson
2020-01-04T18:55:43.416+0800 restoring dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.bson
2020-01-04T18:55:43.418+0800 error: multiple errors in bulk operation:
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: dbtest002.xiangmu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5e0f16191083b09e85237cb2') }
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: dbtest002.xiangmu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5e0f161d1083b09e85237cb3') }
2020-01-04T18:55:43.418+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T18:55:43.418+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:55:43.436+0800 error: multiple errors in bulk operation:
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: dbtest001.chenji index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5e0f150150fe973d9e9051f4') }
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: dbtest001.chenji index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5e0f150750fe973d9e9051f5') }
2020-01-04T18:55:43.436+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T18:55:43.436+0800 finished restoring dbtest001.chenji (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:55:43.436+0800 error: E11000 duplicate key error collection: dbtest002.mumu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5e0f162d1083b09e85237cb4') }
2020-01-04T18:55:43.436+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T18:55:43.436+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
2020-01-04T18:55:43.436+0800 restoring users from full/admin/system.users.bson
2020-01-04T18:55:43.447+0800 done删除数据库然后进行恢复：
> use dbtest001
switched to db dbtest001
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "dbtest001", "ok" : 1 }
> use dbtest002
switched to db dbtest002
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "dbtest002", "ok" : 1 }
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin ./full/
2020-01-04T18:59:29.633+0800 preparing collections to restore from
2020-01-04T18:59:29.639+0800 reading metadata for dbtest001.chenji from full/dbtest001/chenji.metadata.json
2020-01-04T18:59:29.639+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.metadata.json
2020-01-04T18:59:29.640+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.metadata.json
2020-01-04T18:59:29.646+0800 restoring dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.bson
2020-01-04T18:59:29.648+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T18:59:29.648+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:59:29.664+0800 restoring dbtest001.chenji from full/dbtest001/chenji.bson
2020-01-04T18:59:29.677+0800 restoring dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.bson
2020-01-04T18:59:29.690+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T18:59:29.690+0800 finished restoring dbtest001.chenji (2 documents)
2020-01-04T18:59:29.690+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T18:59:29.690+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
2020-01-04T18:59:29.690+0800 restoring users from full/admin/system.users.bson
2020-01-04T18:59:29.701+0800 done添加参数--drop进行恢复：
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin --drop ./full/
2020-01-04T19:03:04.854+0800 preparing collections to restore from
2020-01-04T19:03:04.859+0800 reading metadata for dbtest001.chenji from full/dbtest001/chenji.metadata.json
2020-01-04T19:03:04.864+0800 restoring dbtest001.chenji from full/dbtest001/chenji.bson
2020-01-04T19:03:04.866+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T19:03:04.866+0800 finished restoring dbtest001.chenji (2 documents)
2020-01-04T19:03:04.879+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.metadata.json
2020-01-04T19:03:04.880+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.metadata.json
2020-01-04T19:03:04.884+0800 restoring dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.bson
2020-01-04T19:03:04.898+0800 restoring dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.bson
2020-01-04T19:03:04.899+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T19:03:04.899+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
2020-01-04T19:03:04.915+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-04T19:03:04.915+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
2020-01-04T19:03:04.915+0800 restoring users from full/admin/system.users.bson
2020-01-04T19:03:04.928+0800 done3.3把备份的库表文件恢复到指定库表中：
-d 指明数据库的名字 而且备份的数据库的数据文件必须是BSON格式的文件
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest002 ./full/dbtest002/
2020-01-05T07:36:24.293+0800 the --db and --collection args should only be used when restoring from a BSON file. Other uses are deprecated and will not exist in the future; use --nsInclude instead
2020-01-05T07:36:24.293+0800 building a list of collections to restore from full/dbtest002 dir
2020-01-05T07:36:24.294+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.metadata.json
2020-01-05T07:36:24.295+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.metadata.json
2020-01-05T07:36:24.299+0800 restoring dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.bson
2020-01-05T07:36:24.303+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-05T07:36:24.303+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
2020-01-05T07:36:24.319+0800 restoring dbtest002.xiangmu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.bson
2020-01-05T07:36:24.321+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-05T07:36:24.321+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.xiangmu (2 documents)
2020-01-05T07:36:24.321+0800 done-c 指明集合的名字 而且备份的数据库的集合数据文件必须是BSON格式的文件
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest002 -c mumu ./full/dbtest002/mumu.bson
2020-01-05T07:45:53.367+0800 checking for collection data in full/dbtest002/mumu.bson
2020-01-05T07:45:53.368+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.metadata.json
2020-01-05T07:45:53.373+0800 restoring dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/mumu.bson
2020-01-05T07:45:53.436+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-05T07:45:53.436+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.mumu (1 document)
2020-01-05T07:45:53.436+0800 done
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:6068 -u root -p TdLLQ6689 --authenticationDatabase admin -d dbtest002 -c mumu ./full/dbtest002/xiangmu.bson
2020-01-05T07:46:35.517+0800 checking for collection data in full/dbtest002/xiangmu.bson
2020-01-05T07:46:35.519+0800 reading metadata for dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.metadata.json
2020-01-05T07:46:35.519+0800 restoring dbtest002.mumu from full/dbtest002/xiangmu.bson
2020-01-05T07:46:35.582+0800 no indexes to restore
2020-01-05T07:46:35.582+0800 finished restoring dbtest002.mumu (2 documents)
2020-01-05T07:46:35.582+0800 done