内容概要:
一. nginx.conf
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //清空原来的配置,加入如下内容:
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
'$host "$request_uri" $status'
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
二. php-fpm.conf
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf //把之前的内容清空,然后写入如下配置:
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
listen.owner = nobody //和后面的nginx的一致
listen.group = nobody // 同上
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
配置多个pool
[global]
...
...
[domain1.com]
...
...
...
[domain2.com]
...
...
...
慢执行日志
slowlog = /path/to/slow.log
request_slowlog_timeout = 1
open_basedir
php_admin_value[open_basedir]=/data/www/:/tmp/
动态、静态子进程pm = static/dynamic
如果选择static,则由pm.max_children指定固定的子进程数。
如果选择dynamic,则由以下参数决定:
pm.max_children ,子进程最大数
pm.start_servers ,启动时的进程数
pm.min_spare_servers ,保证空闲进程数最小值,如果空闲进程小于此值,则创建新的子进程
pm.max_spare_servers ,保证空闲进程数最大值,如果空闲进程大于此值,此进行清理
对于专用服务器,pm可以设置为static。
三. nginx高级配置
1. 配置第二个虚拟主机
可以在nginx.conf 加一行
include vhosts/*.conf;
这样,我们就可以在 /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts目录下创建虚拟主机配置文件了。mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
cd !$
vim 111.conf // 加入
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 111.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/www2;
location ~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www2$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
2. 验证默认虚拟主机
listen 80 default_server;
3. 用户认证
首先需要安装apache,可以使用yum install httpd 安装
生成密码文件,创建用户
htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd test // 添加test用户,第一次添加时需要加-c参数,第二次添加时不需要-c参数
在nginx的配置文件中添加
location / {
root /data/www/wwwroot/count;
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
4. 域名重定向
server_name aminglinux.com www.aminglinux.com;
if ($host != 'www.aminglinux.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.aminglinux.com/$1 permanent;
}
5. 日志相关
日志切割:
编写脚本:
vim /usr/local/sbin/logrotate.sh //加入
#! /bin/bash
datedir=`date +%Y%m%d`
/bin/mkdir /home/logs/$datedir >/dev/null 2>&1
/bin/mv /home/logs/*.log /home/logs/$datedir
/bin/kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
日志格式
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format main1 '$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; //此日志格式为,ip不仅记录代理的ip还记录远程客户端真实IP。
错误日志error_log日志级别
error_log 级别分为 debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit 默认为crit, 该级别在日志名后边定义格式如下:
error_log /your/path/error.log crit;
crit 记录的日志最少,而debug记录的日志最多。如果你的nginx遇到一些问题,比如502比较频繁出现,但是看默认的error_log并没有看到有意义的信息,那么就可以调一下错误日志的级别,当你调成error级别时,错误日志记录的内容会更加丰富。
6. 静态文件不记录日志,配置缓存
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
access_log off;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
{
expires 12h;
access_log off;
}
7. 防盗链
在 nginx.conf中的server部分中添加如下代码
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ {
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.taobao.com *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com ; // 对这些域名的网站不进行盗链。
if ($invalid_referer) {
# return 403;
rewrite ^/ http://www.example.com/nophoto.gif;
}
}
说明:如果前面配置中已经加了 location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
access_log off;
}
那么会和这一部分重复,这时候上面的生效,所以,我们需要把两者合在一起。如下:
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
{
expires 30d;
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.taobao.com *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com ; // 对这些域名的网站不进行盗链。
if ($invalid_referer) {
# return 403;
rewrite ^/ http://www.example.com/nophoto.gif;
}
access_log off;
}
8. 访问控制
限制只让某个ip访问
allow 219.232.244.234;
deny all;
禁止某个IP或者IP段访问站点的设置方法
首先建立下面的配置文件放在nginx的conf目录下面,命名为deny.ip
cat deny.ip
deny 192.168.1.11;
deny 192.168.1.123;
deny 10.0.1.0/24;
在nginx的配置文件nginx.conf中加入:
include deny.ip;
重启一下nginx的服务:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx reload 就可以生效了。
deny.ip 的格式中也可以用deny all;
如果你想实现这样的应用,除了几个IP外,其他全部拒绝,
那需要你在deny.ip 中这样写
allow 1.1.1.1;
allow 1.1.1.2;
deny all;
有时候会根据目录来限制php解析:
location ~ .*(diy|template|p_w_uploads|forumdata|p_w_upload|p_w_picpath)/.*\.php$
{
deny all;
}
使用 user_agent 控制客户端访问
location /
{
if ($http_user_agent ~ 'bingbot/2.0|MJ12bot/v1.4.2|Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato|Gecko/20100315'){
return 403;
}
}
禁止恶意user_agent访问 http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-8409-1-1.html
9. nginx的rewrite应用
Rewrite设置及示例 http://www.lishiming.net/thread-239-1-1.html
nginx $document_uri 参数使用 http://www.lishiming.net/thread-993-1-1.html
nginx的301与302如何配置 http://www.lishiming.net/thread-4840-1-1.html
nginx rewrite不支持if 嵌套也不支持逻辑或和逻辑并 http://www.lishiming.net/thread-4842-1-1.html
10. nginx 代理
server {
listen 80;
server_name aaa.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://2.2.2.2/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
# access_log /home/logs/aaa_access.log combined;
}
如果后端的机器有多台
upstream bbb
{
server 1.2.3.1:80;
server 1.2.3.4:80;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbb.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bbb/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
# access_log /home/logs/bb_access.log combined;
}
代理一个服务器上所有域名
首先在vhosts目录下需要建立两个文件,一个是servername 列表文件,一个是虚拟主机配置文件
两个文件内容分别为
(1) servername
server_name www.123.net.cn www.alsdjfl.com www.asdfa1.com; //就这么简单一行,当然这个server_name 还可以继续添加的
(2) 虚拟主机配置文件
server {
listen 80;
include vhosts/servername; // 这里的文件就是上边那个servername列表文件
location / {
proxy_pass http://1.2.1.2/; //这里就是需要做代理的服务器ip地址了
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
access_log /dev/null;
}
根据访问的目录来区分后端的web http://www.lishiming.net/thread-920-1-1.html
针对请求的uri来代理 http://www.lishiming.net/thread-1049-1-1.html
nginx的代理变态用法 http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-8636-1-1.html
扩展学习:
nginx.conf 配置详解 http://www.ha97.com/5194.html
nginx rewrite 知识汇总 http://blog.c1gstudio.com/archives/434
nginx location 匹配优先级 http://2804976.blog.51cto.com/2794976/982870 http://blog.itpub.net/27181165/viewspace-777202/
nginx rewrite应用 http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-7334-1-1.html
discuz.conf样例
discuz.conf.txt