iptables --- nat(地址转换)

环境
1.机器一
192.168.1.3(公网)
192.168.183.127(内网)

2.机器二
192.168.183.128(内网)

实验前我在vm虚拟机上添加一个网口,有ip地址但是却没有配置文件
可以这么做

nmcli con show (查看设备唯一标识符uuid)
ip addr  (网卡硬件MAC地址)

BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=ens37
UUID=a2d0be5d-0769-48b4-9270-b3eacd1d243e
DEVICE=ens37
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.183.128
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.3
HWADDR=00:0c:29:ab:38:87

防火墙规则,调用内核的安全策略。

[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t filter -L  (默认查看filter表里的列)
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination    
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -L  (这次试验使用到的表--nat表)
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

ssh 登陆转换 dnat(目标地址转换,公网ip--->内网ip,意思就是你想访问目标地址转变了)

机器一:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config  
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes  (之前做过证书登陆,这里改成yes)

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter nat      [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]

[root@www ipv4]# echo 1 > ip_forward  (立即生效)
[root@www ipv4]# cat ip_forward 
1
[root@www ipv4]# pwd
/proc/sys/net/ipv4

[root@www ipv4]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf (永久生效)
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@www ipv4]# sysctl -p (刷新sysctl.conf文件)
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
机器二:
[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens33 (确保不会通过此网卡连接)

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37 

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=ens37
UUID=a2d0be5d-0769-48b4-9270-b3eacd1d243e
DEVICE=ens37
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.183.128
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.3   (这里网关指向机器一公网ip)
HWADDR=00:0c:29:ab:38:87
~                            
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.1.3 -p tcp --dport 22 -j DNAT --to-destination 

192.168.18.128:22
**测试**: (这里使用的是XSHELL)
Connecting to 192.168.1.3:22...  (登陆的是1.3)
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Last login: Fri May  4 18:32:54 2018 from 192.168.1.138
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig   (成功转换到18.128上面)
ens33: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:ab:38:7d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 350  bytes 37643 (36.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 1  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 124  bytes 18169 (17.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens37: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.18.128  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.18.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:3887  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 00:0c:29:ab:38:87  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 271  bytes 38878 (37.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 198  bytes 54004 (52.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 40  bytes 3448 (3.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 40  bytes 3448 (3.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ssh 登陆转换 snat(源地址转换,内网ip--->公网ip,意思就是你所使用源ip地址转变了)

这里稍微改下iptbales协议即可

[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.18.128 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.3
*(原本192.168.18.128是不可以访问外网的,这里就以ping www.baidu.com为例。看下效果图即可)


1.128这台机器resolv.conf文件dns服务器先指定好
2.没添加snat协议时:
linux   DNAT  &  SNAT
3.添加 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.18.128 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.3 协议后:
linux DNAT & SNAT_第1张图片


明天分享下web的搭建。。