本篇类容

1.官方提供的三种部署方式

  1. Kubernetes 平台环境规划
    3.自签SSL证书
  2. Etcd数据库集群部署
  3. Node节点安装Docker
  4. Flannel容器集群网络部署
    7.部署Master组件
    8.部署Node组件
    9.部署一个测试示例
    10.部署Web UI (Dashboard )
    11.部署集群内部DNS解析服务(CoreDNS)

官方提供的三种部署方式

  • minikube

    Minikube是一个工具，可以在本地快速运行-一个单点的Kubernetes,仅用子尝试Kubemnetes或日常开发的用户使用。部署地址: htps://kubernetese io/docs/setup/minikube/

  • kubeadm

    Kubeadm也是一个工具，揭供kubeadm init和ukubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubermnetes集群，部署地址:htpst/:/ubee/es.cs/do/s/cference/scetup tos/kubedm/kubeadm/

  • 二进制包

    推荐，从官方下载发打版的二进制包，手动部署每个组件，组成Kubermetes集群。 下载地址:htpts//github.com/kubemetes/kuberetes/teleases

Kubernetes平台环境规划

  • 单Master集群架构图
    Kubernetes二进制线网部署(实例!!!)_第1张图片

  • 多Master集群架构图
    Kubernetes二进制线网部署(实例!!!)_第2张图片

    自签SSL证书

组件 使用的证书
etcd capem, server.pem, server-key.pem
flannel ca.pem,server.pem, server-key.pem
kube-apiserver ca.pem. server.pem. server-key.pem
kubelet ca.pem, ca-key.pem
kube-proxy ca.pem, kube-proxy pem, kube-proxy-key.pem
kubectl ca.pem， admin.pem, admin-key.pem

Etcd数据库集群部署

Kubernetes二进制线网部署(实例!!!)_第3张图片

etcd简介

etcd是CoreOS团队于2013年6月发起的开源项目，它的目标是构建一个高可用的分布式键值(key-value)数据库。etcd内部采用raft协议作为一致性算法，etcd基于Go语言实现。

  • etcd作为服务发现系统，有以下的特点：

    简单：安装配置简单，而且提供了HTTP API进行交互，使用也很简单
    安全：支持SSL证书验证
    快速：根据官方提供的benchmark数据，单实例支持每秒2k+读操作
    可靠：采用raft算法，实现分布式系统数据的可用性和一致性

Etcd三大支柱

  • 一个强一致性、高可用的服务存储目录。
    基于Ralf算法的etcd天生就是这样一个强一致性、高可用的服务存储目录。

  • 一种注册服务和健康服务健康状况的机制。
    用户可以在etcd中注册服务，并且对注册的服务配置key TTL，定时保持服务的心跳以达到监控健康状态的效果。

  • 一种查找和连接服务的机制。
    通过在etcd指定的主题下注册的服务业能在对应的主题下查找到。为了确保连接，我们可以在每个服务机器上都部署一个proxy模式的etcd，这样就可以确保访问etcd集群的服务都能够互相连接。

Etcd部署方式

  • 二进制包下载地址

    https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases

  • 查看集群状态
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--a-file=ca.pem -crt-file=server.pem --key-file= server-key.pem \
--endpoints=*https://192.168.0.x:2379.https://192.168.0.x:2379,https://192.168.0x:2379" \
cluster-health

Node安装Docker

Kubernetes二进制线网部署(实例!!!)_第4张图片

实例演示

环境部署

主机 需要安装的软件
master（192.168.142.129/24） kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd
node01（192.168.142.130/24） kubelet、kube-proxy、docker、flannel、etcd
node02（192.168.142.131/24） kubelet、kube-proxy、docker 、flannel 、etcd

k8s官网地址,点击获取噢!

Kubernetes二进制线网部署(实例!!!)_第5张图片
Kubernetes二进制线网部署(实例!!!)_第6张图片

ETCD 二进制包地址,点击即可获取噢!

Kubernetes二进制线网部署(实例!!!)_第7张图片
在这里插入图片描述

将上述的压缩包复制到centos7的下面即将创建的k8s目录中

一、Etcd数据库集群部署

在master端的操作

mkdir k8s
cd k8s/
mkdir etcd-cert
mv etcd-cert.sh etcd-cert
  • 编辑脚本下载cfssl官方包
vim cfssl.sh

curl -L https:#pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl
curl -L https:#pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
curl -L https:#pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
  • 执行脚本下载cfssl官方包
bash cfssl.sh
cfssl 生成证书工具   
cfssljson   通过传入json文件生成证书
cfssl-certinfo  查看证书信息
cd etcd-cert/
  • 定义ca证书
cat > ca-config.json <
  • 实现证书签名
cat > ca-csr.json <
  • 生产证书，生成ca-key.pem、ca.pem
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
  • 指定etcd三个节点之间的通信验证
cat > server-csr.json <
  • 生成ETCD证书 server-key.pem server.pem
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
  • 解压ETCD 二进制包
tar zxvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
  • 配置文件，命令文件，证书
mkdir /opt/etcd/{cfg,bin,ssl} -p    
mv etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/etcd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/
  • 证书拷贝
cp etcd-cert/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
  • 进入卡住状态等待其他节点加入(k8s目录)
bash etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.142.129 etcd02=https:#192.168.142.130:2380,etcd03=https:#192.168.142.131:2380
  • 使用另外一个会话打开，会发现etcd进程已经开启
ps -ef | grep etcd
  • 拷贝证书去其他节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
  • 启动脚本拷贝其他节点
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

在node01节点的操作

  • 修改etcd文件
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
  • 修改名称和地址
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https:#192.168.142.130:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https:#192.168.142.130:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https:#192.168.142.130:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https:#192.168.142.130:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https:#192.168.142.129:2380,etcd02=https:#192.168.142.130:2380,etcd03=https:#192.168.142.131:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
  • 启动服务
systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd

在node02节点的操作

  • 修改etcd文件
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
  • 修改名称和地址
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https:#192.168.142.131:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https:#192.168.142.131:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https:#192.168.142.131:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https:#192.168.142.131:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https:#192.168.142.129:2380,etcd02=https:#192.168.142.130:2380,etcd03=https:#192.168.142.131:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
  • 启动服务
systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd

在master端检查群集状态(k8s/etcd-cert/目录)

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https:#192.168.142.129:2379,https:#192.168.142.130:2379,https:#192.168.142.131:2379" cluster-health
member 3eae9a550e2e3ec is healthy: got healthy result from https:#192.168.142.129:2379
member 26cd4dcf17bc5cbd is healthy: got healthy result from https:#192.168.142.130:2379
member 2fcd2df8a9411750 is healthy: got healthy result from https:#192.168.142.131:2379
cluster is healthy

二、 Node节点安装Docker

#安装依赖包
yum install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 -y

#设置阿里云镜像源
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

#安装Docker-ce
yum install -y docker-ce

#关闭防火墙及增强型安全功能
systemctl stop firewalld.service
setenforce 0

#启动Docker并设置为开机自启动
systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service

#检查相关进程开启情况
ps aux | grep docker

#重载守护进程
systemctl daemon-reload

#重启服务
systemctl restart docker

三、Flannel容器集群网络部署

  • master端写入分配的子网段到ETCD中，供flannel使用(k8s/etcd-cert/目录)
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.142.129:2379,https://192.168.142.130:2379,https://192.168.142.131:2379" set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
  • 查看写入的信息
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.142.129:2379,https://192.168.142.130:2379,https://192.168.142.131:2379" get /coreos.com/network/config
  • 拷贝到所有node节点（只需要部署在node节点即可）
cd /root/k8s
scp flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz [email protected]:/root
scp flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz [email protected]:/root
  • 所有node节点操作解压
tar zxvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
  • 建立k8s工作目录
mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{cfg,bin,ssl} -p
mv mk-docker-opts.sh flanneld /opt/kubernetes/bin/

vim flannel.sh

#!/bin/bash

ETCD_ENDPOINTS=${1:-"http://127.0.0.1:2379"}

cat </opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld

FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
-etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
-etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
-etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

EOF

cat </usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq \$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart flanneld
  • 开启flannel网络功能
bash flannel.sh https://[email protected]:2379,https://[email protected]:2379,https://[email protected]:2379
  • 配置docker连接flannel
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
#14行的准启动前插入以下条目
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
#引用参数$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -H fd:# --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always

#查看网络信息
cat /run/flannel/subnet.env
DOCKER_OPT_BIP="--bip=172.17.15.1/24"
DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ="--ip-masq=false"
DOCKER_OPT_MTU="--mtu=1450"
#说明：bip指定启动时的子网
DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS=" --bip=172.17.15.1/24 --ip-masq=false --mtu=1450"
  • 重启docker服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
  • 查看flannel网络信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099  mtu1500
        inet 172.17.56.1  netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 172.17.56.255
        ether 02:42:74:32:33:e3  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.142.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.142.255
        inet6 fe80::8cb8:16f4:91a1:28d5  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 00:0c:29:04:f1:1f  txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
        RX packets 436817  bytes 153162687 (146.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 375079  bytes 47462997 (45.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

flannel.1: flags=4163  mtu 1450
        inet 172.17.56.0  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        inet6 fe80::249c:c8ff:fec0:4baf  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether 26:9c:c8:c0:4b:af  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 26 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1915  bytes 117267 (114.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1915  bytes 117267 (114.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:61:63:f2  txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  • 测试ping通对方docker0网卡 证明flannel起到路由作用
docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash

yum install net-tools -y
  • 查看容器内的flannel网络信息 
    
[root@5f9a65565b53 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1450
    inet 172.17.56.2  netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 172.17.56.255
    ether 02:42:ac:11:38:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
    RX packets 15632  bytes 13894772 (13.2 MiB)
    RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
    TX packets 7987  bytes 435819 (425.6 KiB)
    TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0


- 再次测试ping通两个node中的centos:7容器

```bash
[root@f1e937618b50 /]# ping 172.17.15.2
PING 172.17.15.2 (172.17.15.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.15.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.420 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.15.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.302 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.15.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.420 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.15.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=0.364 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.15.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=0.114 ms

未完待续...