英國廣播公司電視紀錄片《猿與人》（ape-man）目錄
第3集 軀體（Body）
自從達爾文撰寫下《物種起源》以來，對“缺失的一環”的探索引起了我們的極大的想象。這就是神話般的半人半猿如何變成現實的故事，以及它們如何改變了我們對祖先的看法。這部紀錄片電影重建了一個小男孩的死亡時刻，從150萬年前開始，他的骨骼化石揭示了猿人的真實本性。在肯尼亞的納裏奧科托姆湖邊被發現後，人們給他起的名字叫作“納裏奧科托亩男孩（Nariokotome Boy），他是一個身材高大的運動青年，在一個幾乎已經是人的身體裏，我們可以自豪地稱他為人類的祖先。他來自非洲的起源地，其物種屬於非常成功的掠食者（食肉動物），他統治了那時的世界超過一百萬年。但他的大腦很小。雖然他在這種人類形態中，卻有著一種野生動物的思維。
二百萬年前，在非洲的熱帶草原上，一個很小的類似猿的生物發明了工具和肉食，開始了有別於它們猿祖先的進化過程。
印度尼西亞蘇拉卡爾塔市場
在爪哇科學家們尋找一種奇怪的生物，介於我們現代人和最早的猿祖先的猿人，這是個既不是人也不是猿的階段。
古生物學家理查德·裏基（Paleontologist Richard Leakey）
肯尼亞內陸湖圖爾卡納湖，裏基小組找到了我們最早的猿祖先的驚人的證據，300萬年的非洲南部猿的化石記錄了我們進化曆程的早期歲月，但是它離我們人類還有很遠的差距。
印度尼西亞特裏尼爾
全世界的科學家們都在找尋一種被稱為“缺少的一環”的生物，他能把我們和最早的猿祖先聯系起來。
賓夕法尼亞州立大學的人類學家帕特·希普曼博士和尤金·杜波依斯傳記的作者：“自1859年達爾文第一個出版了《人類的起源》以來，人們越來越對缺少的一環所吸引，它是猿變成人的一種轉化形式。從那個時候起全世界的科學家們四處尋找缺少的一環的證據，尋找缺少的一環的殘餘。”
一位名叫尤金·杜波依斯的科學家在1891年深入爪哇，因為他確信在哪兒可以找到證據。現在我們把杜波依斯的發現稱為“直立的人”，一個生活在50萬年前的生物。
尤金·杜波依斯發現的牙齒
尤金·杜波依斯發現的直立人頭蓋骨
尤金·杜波依斯發現了人的股骨
杜波依斯認為他發現了缺少的一環，但其他的科學家不敢苟同他的觀點，人類祖先的大腦應該具有人的大腦。希普曼博士：“我們是如此看重這件事，因為我們感覺大腦是我們與其他的動物區別開來的主要方面，也就是當杜波依斯發現了腦像猿而腿像人的時候，他發現的是與大家的期望相悖的東西。”
肯尼亞圖爾卡納湖
圖爾卡納湖納立克托畝河
化石獵人（Fossil hunter）卡墨亞·基繆（Kamoya Kimeu）在圖爾卡納湖納立克托畝河一顆樹根底下與考古學家發掘出一個完整的十二歲左右的男孩骸骨，這是一個正在往人進化路上的年輕男性，他埋藏地底已一百四十萬年，是一個“直立人”。
小孩的頭蓋骨化石保留了骨結構的細節，為這種生物的思維能力提供了新的證據。賓夕法尼亞州立大學的艾倫·沃克教授（Prof Alan walker of Pennsylvania state university）：“早已為人所知的白洛嘉部分是語言的運動區之一，所以當我看見一個非常發達的白洛嘉頭蓋骨有這麼一小塊，我就認定這個小孩會說話了。”但是，經過對脊椎骨深入分析後科學家斷定他只能是做簡單的發音和交流。
他們第一次發現了150萬年前的生物的完整的骨架，他生活在人類進化的中期，正好是在我們和猿祖先的交界處。科學家通過對這個骨架脊椎的研究，判斷出他是人而不是動物。
150萬年前的巨大的像人的生物開始進化，比現代人體格更大更強壯。
印度尼西亞桑吉藍
直立人的頭蓋骨
這是直立人的頭蓋骨，是在印度尼西亞和東南亞最新發現之一。帕特·希普曼博士（Dr Pat Shipman）：“我們在印度尼西亞發現直立人時，要找尋的是起源於非洲人的後裔，它們起源於非洲東部像肯尼亞的納立克托畝這樣的地方，之後遷徙到世界各地，能夠容忍它們生存下來的地方。”帕特·希普曼認為，他們離開非洲是為了找尋食物，你在找尋的高級的食肉動物，它們是人科動物，是高效率的狩獵者。
直立的人是第一個離開非洲的像人的生物，從他們非洲的家園穿越了危險的熱帶草原，茂密的叢林和廣闊的山區，我們的祖先行程6000英裏，比我們想象的要進化得多，缺少的一環比我們想象的離我們要近得多。
卡墨亞·基繆獲得美國總統羅納德·裏根頒發的約翰·奧裏佛獎章
賓夕法尼亞州立大學的艾倫·沃克教授（Prof Alan Walker）：“從遠處看這個生物有人的軀體，看上去很像人，但令我們困惑的是他並不具備語言功能。”我們現在知道早在420萬年前人就可以直立行走了，我們人類的進化已經進入到一半，但並沒有影響我們的大腦。進化不是在身體各部位開始的生理變化，而是一步步逐漸開始的過程，達爾文試圖把人類的解剖學和生理學混為一談，他說直立行走可以使雙手獲得自由，這對大腦有一個反饋機制。
150萬年前在地球上出現了一種獨特的物種，巨大的像人的生物開始進化，他們比現代人體格更大更強壯，其模樣與我們相近，而且是“直立人”，除了一點就是我們與其它動物區別開來的大腦。他們大腦的智商只及一個現代人類的一歲孩子，半人半動物的物種漸漸進化為一個超級獵人，他們就是我們直接的祖先。
Episode 3 / Body
The search for the 'missing link' has caught our imagination ever since Darwin wrote The Origin of Species. This is the remarkable story of how the mythical half-man, half-ape, became reality - and how it changed our view of our ancestors.The film reconstructs the dying moments of a young boy, whose fossilised skeleton from 1.5 million years ago has revealed the true nature of the ape-man. Nicknamed Nariokotome Boy (after the lake in Kenya where he was found), he was a tall athletic youth we could be proud to call an ancestor, in a practically human body.His species were phenomenally successful predators and, from his origins in Africa, he dominated the world for over a million years. But his brain was tiny. Inside this human form was the mind of a wild animal.
Two million years ago, in the savanna of Africa, a very small ape - like creature invented tools and meat, and began to evolve from their ancestors.
Indonesia s' Surakarta market
In Java, Scientists are looking for a strange creature, Between our modern humans and the earliest ape ancestors, This is a stage that is neither human nor ape.
paleontologist Richard Leakey
Lake turkana, inland lake, Kenya, The Leakey team found the amazing evidence of our earliest ape ancestors, The fossil record of three million years of australopithecine australopithecus recorded the early years of our evolutionary history. But it's a long way from us.
Trinil, Indonesia
Scientists around the world are looking for something called a "missing link", He can associate us with the earliest ape ancestors.
Dr. Pat shipman, an anthropologist at Pennsylvania State University and Author of the biography of Eugene dubois: "Since Darwin first published the origin of man in 1859, People are increasingly attracted to the missing link, It is a form of transformation from ape to man. Since then, scientists around the world have looked around for evidence of a missing link, Find the missing part of the remnants."
A scientist named Eugene dubois went deep into Java in 1891, Because he was sure where to find the evidence. Now we call the discovery of du bois' upright man, A creature that lived half a million years ago.
The teeth found by Eugene dubois
Eugene dubois discovered the skull of homo erectus
Eugene dubois discovered the human femur
Du bois thought he found a missing link, But other scientists disagree with him, The brain of a human ancestor should have a human brain. Dr. Shipman: "We value it so much, Because we feel that the brain is the main thing that differentiates us from other animals, That is, when Dubois discovered the brain like ape and legs like people, What he found was something contrary to what everyone expected.
Lake turkana, Kenya
Nariokotome river, Turkana lake
Fossil hunter Kamoya Kimeu Under a tree root in lake turkana, and archaeologists excavate a complete skeleton of a boy about twelve years old, This is a young man on the way to human evolution, He has buried the earth for 1.4 million years. It's a homo erectus.
The skull of the child retains the details of the bone structure, New evidence is provided for this creature's ability to think. Prof Alan walker of Pennsylvania state university: "Already known Paul broca part is one of the motor areas of language, so when I saw a very developed Paul broca have so a small piece of skull, I decided that the child would speak." But after deep analysis of the vertebrae, the scientists concluded that he could only make simple sounds and communicate.
They first discovered the complete skeleton of the creature 1.5 million years ago. He lived in the middle of human evolution, just at the junction of our ancestors and our ancestors. The scientists determined that he was human, not animal, by studying the skeleton spine. The huge human-like creatures of 1.5 million years ago began to evolve, much larger and stronger than modern humans.
Sangiran, Indonesia
The cranium of homo erectus
This is the skull of homo erectus, one of the most recent discoveries in Indonesia and southeast Asia. Dr Pat Shipman: "We found that h. erectus in Indonesia, want to find is originated from African descent, they originated in East Africa, such as Kenya, writes Eric mu, then migrate to all over the world, to be able to tolerate it survive." Pat shipman thinks, They left Africa in search of food. The advanced carnivores you're looking for, They are hominids, efficient hunters.
Upright person is the first person to leave Africa as creatures, from their homes in Africa through the dangerous savanna, dense jungle and vast mountainous area, our ancestors travel 6000 miles, much more than we imagine evolution, missing from us than we thought is much more nearly.
Kamoya Kimeu was awarded the John oliver medal by President Ronald Reagan
Prof Alan Walker: "Looking at the creature from a distance, it looks very human, but what puzzles us is that he doesn't have the language." We now know that as early as 4.2 million years ago, we could have walked upright, and our human evolution has reached half, but it hasn't affected our brains. Evolution is not at the beginning of each part of the body physiological changes, but step by step, begin the process of gradually, Darwin tried to confuse the human anatomy and physiology, he said to walk upright can make hands free, this is a feedback mechanism for the brain.
On earth 1.5 million years ago there was a unique species, huge creatures evolved, they were stronger than build larger, more modern, its shape similar to us, and it is "homo erectus," in addition to that we distinguish from the other animals of the brain. Their brains are only a one-year-old child of a modern human, and the half-human, half-animal species evolved into a super-hunter, and they are our immediate ancestors.
文字：《傑特遜工作室》(JENTSON STUDIO) 制作
視頻：《傑特遜工作室》(JENTSON STUDIO) 紀錄片數據庫BBC-5號
翻譯：趙永安