基础

以下来自cpp draft。

声明

extern int a;                   // declares a
extern const int c;             // declares c
int f(int);                     // declares f
struct S;                       // declares S
typedef int Int;                // declares Int
extern X anotherX;              // declares anotherX
using N::d;                     // declares d

定义

int a;                          // defines a
extern const int c = 1;         // defines c
int f(int x) { return x+a; }    // defines f and defines x
struct S { int a; int b; };     // defines S, S​::​a, and S​::​b
struct X {                      // defines X
  int x;                        // defines non-static data member x
  static int y;                 // declares static data member y
  X(): x(0) { }                 // defines a constructor of X
};
int X::y = 1;                   // defines X​::​y
enum { up, down };              // defines up and down
namespace N { int d; }          // defines N and N​::​d
namespace N1 = N;               // defines N1
X anX;                          // defines anX

隐式定义的一堆函数

C++ implementations implicitly define the default constructor ([class.default.ctor]), copy constructor, move constructor ([class.copy.ctor]), copy assignment operator, move assignment operator ([class.copy.assign]), or destructor member functions.
C++会给类或结构体隐式定义默认构造函数，拷贝构造函数，移动构造函数，等号运算，移动运算，和析构函数。

struct C {
  std::string s;
};

等于

struct C {
  std::string s;
  C() : s() { }
  C(const C& x): s(x.s) { }
  C(C&& x): s(static_cast(x.s)) { }
      //    : s(std​::​move(x.s)) { }
  C& operator=(const C& x) { s = x.s; return *this; }
  C& operator=(C&& x) { s = static_cast(x.s); return *this; }
      //                { s = std​::​move(x.s); return *this; }
  ~C() { }
};

一次定义

一个翻译单元不得包含多个一样的定义。