ActiveMQ是目前较为流行的一款开源消息服务器。最近在项目开发中,需要为ActiveMQ开发基于IP的验证和授权机制,因此,对ActiveMQ的安全机制进行了了解,以下将介绍ActiveMQ的安全机制使用及其源代码分析。
本文开发环境介绍:
操作系统:Windows XP
Java:jdk 1.6.0_12
maven:maven 3.0.4
ActiveMQ:ActiveMQ 5.6.0
- ActiveMQ安全机制的介绍
安全机制一般包含验证(Authentication)和授权(Authorization)两部分。在ActiveMQ中,验证指通过访问者的用户名和密码实现用户身份的验证,授权指为消息目标(队列或主题)的读、写、管理指定具有相应权限的用户组,并为用户分配权限。ActiveMQ的安全机制基于插件实现。
ActiveMQ提供两种验证插件,分别是:
1)Simple authentication plugin-in;
2)JAAS(Java Authentication and Authorization Service)authentication plugin-in。
ActiveMQ提供一种授权插件:Authorization plugin-in。
- ActiveMQ安全机制的使用
1. ActiveMQ的使用
可从ActiveMQ官网“http://activemq.apache.org/”下载ActiveMQ的源代码包或二进制分发包。由于ActiveMQ使用Java开发,因此需要预先安装jdk,另外,由于ActiveMQ的开发使用了maven,因此,若下载的是源代码包,需要预先安装maven。解压源代码包,并在源代码包目录下执行“mvn install -Dmaven.test.skip=true ”完成编译、打包和安装,成功后,会在assembly\target下生成二进制分发包。若下载的是二进制分发包,解压即可。
ActiveMQ的二进制分发包目录如下所示:
2. Simple authentication plugin-in的使用
在activemq.xml中如下配置:
- <plugins>
- <simpleAuthenticationPlugin>
- <users>
- <authenticationUser username="system" password="password"
- groups="users,admins"/>
- <authenticationUser username="user" password="password"
- groups="users"/>
- <authenticationUser username="guest" password="password" groups="guests"/>
- users>
- simpleAuthenticationPlugin>
- plugins>
3. JAAS authentication plugin-in的使用
在activemq.xml中如下配置:
- <plugins>
- <jaasAuthenticationPlugin configuration="activemq-domain" />
- plugins>
创建login.config文件:
- activemq-domain {
- org.apache.activemq.jaas.PropertiesLoginModule required
- debug=true
- org.apache.activemq.jaas.properties.user="users.properties"
- org.apache.activemq.jaas.properties.group="groups.properties";
- };
创建users.properties和groups.properties文件,包含用户和用户组信息。
users.properties:
- system=password
- user=password
- guest=password
groups.properties:
- admins=system
- users=system,user
- guests=guest
4. Authorization plugin-in的使用
在activemq.xml中如下配置:
- <plugins>
- <authorizationPlugin>
- <map>
- <authorizationMap>
- <authorizationEntries>
- <authorizationEntry queue=">" read="admins" write="admins" admin="admins" />
- <authorizationEntry queue="USERS.>" read="users" write="users" admin="users" />
- <authorizationEntry queue="GUEST.>" read="guests" write="guests,users" admin="guests,users" />
- <authorizationEntry queue="TEST.Q" read="guests" write="guests" />
- <authorizationEntry topic=">" read="admins" write="admins" admin="admins" />
- <authorizationEntry topic="USERS.>" read="users" write="users" admin="users" />
- <authorizationEntry topic="GUEST.>" read="guests" write="guests,users" admin="guests,users" />
- <authorizationEntry topic="ActiveMQ.Advisory.>" read="guests,users" write="guests,users" admin="guests,users"/>
- authorizationEntries>
- authorizationMap>
- map>
- authorizationPlugin>
- plugins>
- ActiveMQ安全机制的源代码分析
ActiveMQ在其maven工程的activemq-core模块中实现安全机制。ActiveMQ原有安全机制均基于插件实现,实现思路如图所示。
其中,Broker接口是ActiveMQ的核心接口,ActiveMQ消息服务器对象即该接口的实现。接口BrokerPlugin通过installPlugin方法传入Broker对象,为其创建插件。BrokerFilter类也实现自Broker接口,其与Broker的关系,类似于Struts中Interceptor与Action的关系,多个BrokerFilter对象以及消息服务器Broker对象通过指向下一个对象的引用next构成链状结构,当创建连接、消息生产者、消息消费者时,先后执行BrokerFilter中的相应方法,直至执行消息服务器中的方法,而安全机制类即继承自BrokerFilter。
ActiveMQ原有安全机制的相关类均继承或实现自上述类或接口,安全机制的类包为activemq-core中的org.apache.activemq.security。
1. Simple authentication plugin-in的源代码分析
Simple authentication plugin-in主要包含两个基本类:SimpleAuthenticationPlugin(实现自BrokerPlugin)和SimpleAuthenticationBroker(继承自BrokerFilter)。
SimpleAuthenticationPlugin部分代码:
- public class SimpleAuthenticationPlugin implements BrokerPlugin {
- private Map
userPasswords; - private Map
> userGroups; - private static final String DEFAULT_ANONYMOUS_USER = "anonymous";
- private static final String DEFAULT_ANONYMOUS_GROUP = "anonymous";
- private String anonymousUser = DEFAULT_ANONYMOUS_USER;
- private String anonymousGroup = DEFAULT_ANONYMOUS_GROUP;
- private boolean anonymousAccessAllowed = false;
- //......
- //安装插件时,根据activemq.xml中的配置,新建 SimpleAuthenticationBroker对象, 并返回该对象
- public Broker installPlugin(Broker parent) {
- SimpleAuthenticationBroker broker = new SimpleAuthenticationBroker(parent, userPasswords, userGroups);
- broker.setAnonymousAccessAllowed(anonymousAccessAllowed);
- broker.setAnonymousUser(anonymousUser);
- broker.setAnonymousGroup(anonymousGroup);
- return broker;
- }
- //......
- }
SimpleAuthenticationBroker部分代码:
- public class SimpleAuthenticationBroker extends BrokerFilter {
- private boolean anonymousAccessAllowed = false;
- private String anonymousUser;
- private String anonymousGroup;
- private final Map
userPasswords; - private final Map
> userGroups; - private final CopyOnWriteArrayList
securityContexts = new CopyOnWriteArrayList(); - //......
- //由于验证需要在创建连接时进行,因此重写BrokerFilter的addConnection方法
- public void addConnection(ConnectionContext context, ConnectionInfo info) throws Exception {
- SecurityContext s = context.getSecurityContext();
- if (s == null) {
- //若允许匿名访问,则不进行验证
- // Check the username and password.
- if (anonymousAccessAllowed && info.getUserName() == null && info.getPassword() == null) {
- info.setUserName(anonymousUser);
- s = new SecurityContext(info.getUserName()) {
- public Set
getPrincipals() { - Set
groups = new HashSet (); - groups.add(new GroupPrincipal(anonymousGroup));
- return groups;
- }
- };
- //若不允许匿名访问,则验证连接的用户名和密码是否与配置文件中的一致,若不一致,则抛出安全异常
- } else {
- String pw = userPasswords.get(info.getUserName());
- if (pw == null || !pw.equals(info.getPassword())) {
- throw new SecurityException(
- "User name [" + info.getUserName() + "] or password is invalid.");
- }
- final Set
groups = userGroups.get(info.getUserName()); - s = new SecurityContext(info.getUserName()) {
- public Set
getPrincipals() { - return groups;
- }
- };
- }
- context.setSecurityContext(s);
- securityContexts.add(s);
- }
- //调用父对象的addConnection方法,即调用next引用的Broker对象的addConnection方法
- try {
- super.addConnection(context, info);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- securityContexts.remove(s);
- context.setSecurityContext(null);
- throw e;
- }
- }
- //......
- }
2. JAAS authentication plugin-in的源代码分析
JAAS authentication plugin-in主要包含两个基本类:JaasAuthenticationPlugin(实现自BrokerPlugin)JaasAuthenticationBroker(继承自BrokerFilter)。
JaasAuthenticationPlugin部分代码:
- public class JaasAuthenticationPlugin implements BrokerPlugin {
- protected String configuration = "activemq-domain";
- //......
- public Broker installPlugin(Broker broker) {
- //读取配置文件, 初始化JAAS
- initialiseJaas();
- //创建JaasAuthenticationBroker对象并返回
- return new JaasAuthenticationBroker(broker, configuration);
- }
- //......
- }
JaasAuthenticationBroker部分代码:
- public class JaasAuthenticationBroker extends BrokerFilter {
- private final String jassConfiguration;
- private final CopyOnWriteArrayList
securityContexts = new CopyOnWriteArrayList(); - //......
- //由于验证需要在创建连接时进行,因此重写BrokerFilter的addConnection方法
- public void addConnection(ConnectionContext context, ConnectionInfo info) throws Exception {
- if (context.getSecurityContext() == null) {
- // Set the TCCL since it seems JAAS needs it to find the login
- // module classes.
- ClassLoader original = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
- Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(JaasAuthenticationBroker.class.getClassLoader());
- try {
- // Do the login.
- try {
- JassCredentialCallbackHandler callback = new JassCredentialCallbackHandler(info
- .getUserName(), info.getPassword());
- LoginContext lc = new LoginContext(jassConfiguration, callback);
- lc.login();
- Subject subject = lc.getSubject();
- //基于JAAS判断用户名和密码是否正确
- SecurityContext s = new JaasSecurityContext(info.getUserName(), subject);
- context.setSecurityContext(s);
- securityContexts.add(s);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw (SecurityException)new SecurityException("User name [" + info.getUserName() + "] or password is invalid.")
- .initCause(e);
- }
- } finally {
- Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(original);
- }
- }
- //调用父对象的addConnection方法,即调用next引用的Broker对象的addConnection方法
- super.addConnection(context, info);
- }
- //......
- }
3. Authorization plugin-in的源代码分析
Authorization plugin-in主要包含两个基本类:AuthorizationPlugin(实现自BrokerPlugin)AuthorizationBroker(继承自BrokerFilter)。
AuthorizationPlugin部分代码:
- public class AuthorizationPlugin implements BrokerPlugin {
- //AuthorizationMap对象存储activemq.xml中消息目标、读、写、管理用户组信息
- private AuthorizationMap map;
- //......
- //创建 AuthorizationBroker 对象并返回
- public Broker installPlugin(Broker broker) {
- if (map == null) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("You must configure a 'map' property");
- }
- return new AuthorizationBroker(broker, map);
- }
- //......
- }
AuthorizationBroker部分代码:
- public class AuthorizationBroker extends BrokerFilter implements SecurityAdminMBean {
- private final AuthorizationMap authorizationMap;
- //......
- //由于需要授权是否可管理消息目标,因此重写BrokerFilter的 addDestinationInfo 方法
- @Override
- public void addDestinationInfo(ConnectionContext context, DestinationInfo info) throws Exception {
- addDestination(context, info.getDestination(),true);
- super.addDestinationInfo(context, info);
- }
- //由于需要授权是否可管理消息目标,因此重写BrokerFilter的 addDestination 方法
- @Override
- public Destination addDestination(ConnectionContext context, ActiveMQDestination destination,boolean create) throws Exception {
- final SecurityContext securityContext = context.getSecurityContext();
- if (securityContext == null) {
- throw new SecurityException("User is not authenticated.");
- }
- Destination existing = this.getDestinationMap().get(destination);
- if (existing != null) {
- return super.addDestination(context, destination,create);
- }
- //从访问控制列表中查看是否具有授权
- if (!securityContext.isBrokerContext()) {
- Set> allowedACLs = null;
- if (!destination.isTemporary()) {
- allowedACLs = authorizationMap.getAdminACLs(destination);
- } else {
- allowedACLs = authorizationMap.getTempDestinationAdminACLs();
- }
- if (allowedACLs != null && !securityContext.isInOneOf(allowedACLs)) {
- throw new SecurityException("User " + securityContext.getUserName() + " is not authorized to create: " + destination);
- }
- }
- //调用next引用的addDestination方法
- return super.addDestination(context, destination,create);
- }
- //由于需要授权是否可读消息,因此重写BrokerFilter的 addConsumer 方法,在该方法中,从访问控制列表中查看是否具有读授权,并调用next引用的addConsumer方法
- @Override
- public Subscription addConsumer(ConnectionContext context, ConsumerInfo info) throws Exception {
- //......
- return super.addConsumer(context, info);
- }
- //由于需要授权是否可写消息,因此重写BrokerFilter的 addProducer 方法,在该方法中,从访问控制列表中查看是否具有写授权,并调用next引用的 addProducer 方法
- @Override
- public void addProducer(ConnectionContext context, ProducerInfo info) throws Exception {
- //......
- super.addProducer(context, info);
- }
- //......
- }
- 总结
ActiveMQ提供了便利的插件开发方式,并基于插件实现了包含验证和授权的安全机制。参考ActiveMQ的源代码,可以进行插件开发,实现个性化的安全机制,如基于IP的验证和授权。