Catch-22 constitution: politics in Myanmar
引用:The Economist Espresso
翁山蘇姬作為反對黨的領袖，將參加今年十一月八日，緬甸的大選，
究竟會面臨什麼樣的問題呢?
Aung San Suu Kyi, leader of Myanmar’s opposition, faces difficult decisions before a general election in November, supposedly the dawn of a new democratic era.
Parliament yesterday rejected significant changes to a deeply flawed constitution.
They included, crucially, a proposal to lower the “threshold” for approval of constitutional amendments from over 75% of parliamentarians to over 70%. (Clue: 25% of seats are reserved for the army.)
This was no surprise, but made clear that the army, which ruled directly until 2011 when it yielded power to a “civilian” government dominated by ex-soldiers in mufti, will keep at least veto-power over the new administration.
The constitution also bars Miss Suu Kyi from becoming president, because her two sons are British citizens.
Her party, the National League for Democracy, will be reluctant to boycott an election it is likely to win.
But it may start making more noise about its unfairness, perhaps on the streets.
看標題，
Catch-22: 請讀維基。
引申，邏輯的二難困局。(二難的選，無法破除)
標題，Catch-22 constitution
指，緬甸現在政治的格局就是這樣的一個狀況。
看正文，
Aung San Suu Kyi, leader of Myanmar’s opposition, faces difficult decisions before a general election in November, supposedly the dawn of a new democratic era.
S: Aung San Suu Kyi
V: faces | 面臨
同位語 (leader of Myanmar’s opposition) | 介紹她現在的這樣一個身分
她現在是，緬甸的反對黨領袖
她正在面臨一個這樣的抉擇 ___
面臨一個困難的抉擇 (faces difficult decisions)
抉擇的時間是，___
在大選之前的一個艱難的抉擇
before a general election
而，大選的時間是在，十一月份。
in November
後面用，supposedly 引導了一個後置定語的修飾部分
supposedly the dawn of a new democratic era.
supposedly P.P > adv.| 副詞
which is supposed ... | supposedly | 簡潔
it is supposed that ... |
supposedly | 被外界認為是
一個新的民主紀元的 (a new democratic era)
開端 (dawn)
dawn 本意，黎明。引伸為，OOO 的開始。
faces decisions 面臨抉擇
opposition party 反對黨
era 時代 大的紀元
Parliament yesterday rejected significant changes to a deeply flawed constitution.
緬甸的議會昨日駁回了一個重大的申請，
關於去改變這個
錯誤非常嚴重的憲法，
這樣的一個申請的變化。
駁回了一個變化 | rejected changes
那，這個 changes 關於什麼的 changes呢?
對什麼的改變呢? changes to/of
關於什麼的變化呢?
changes to/of XXX | 對 XXX 的改變
a deeply flawed constitution.
flaw | 名詞，動詞，錯誤
flawed | 形容詞 錯誤百出的，漏洞百出的，有問題的 | 本質上做得不好的
They included, crucially, a proposal to lower the “threshold” for approval of constitutional amendments from over 75% of parliamentarians to over 70%.
They 對應前文中的 changes
They included 改變包括，
尤為重要地 (crucially)，插入語 | 對應前文 | significant
a proposal 提出一個申請 | 對應前文 | rejected changes
改變包括，通過一個修憲的法案票數，
從原來的必須超過75%議員票數
現在把它降低為為70%議員票數。
“threshold” 本意，開端，開始。| 英國大選那篇有提過
此處理解為在議會中通過法案的最低票數 。
approval of OOO 具體的 OOO | 內容
approval of 修飾 OOO
OOO: constitutional amendments 憲法修正案 | 通常用複數
amendment | 動詞 | 修理，修正
amendments|修正案 通常用複數
為什麼要這麼改呢?
括弧，給一個小線索，將句子拆成詞組| 簡潔
--- 一個小小的證據 看出經濟學人文風 簡潔 ---
(Clue: 25% of seats are reserved for the army.)
25% 的議會的席位，保留給軍方。(保守勢力)
reserved seats 預留座位
好，再來往下，
This was no surprise, but made clear that the army, which ruled directly until 2011 when it yielded power to a “civilian” government dominated by ex-soldiers in mufti, will keep at least veto-power over the new administration.
This was no surprise, but made clear
這並不是讓人多驚奇 (這件事情並沒有什麼大驚小怪的)，
但是卻 表明了一個很重要的事實 (一個清楚的事實)
但是 OOO | 主要強調此處。
This was no surprise, but made clear
這個句型是
先抑後揚 (的過程)
but made clear that the army, 此處進一步強調
(往往是我們不是那麼清楚的事實)
這個事情是什麼呢?
that the army ...
軍方 在2011年 之前，
clear that the army, which ruled directly until 2011 when it yielded power to a “civilian” government dominated by ex-soldiers in mufti, will keep at least veto-power over the new administration.
which 定語從句，修飾 前方 the army
which ruled directly
其(軍方)直接控制了
until 2011 until+時間詞 | 說清歷史節點
when it (指代軍方)
yielded power to 把...交還給... (將權力移交給...)
yielded sth. to| 認輸，服輸
a “civilian” 引號| 表示不是真正的civilian (平民政府)，只是個噱頭。
civilian | 往前去找相關對應 | army
government dominated 由...組成|控制
dominated 後置定語 | 絕大多數由 XXX 組成的
by ex-soldiers in mufti, 這個政府仍然是由
之前的士兵 (ex-soldiers) 所控制的
mufti 軍人穿平民的的服裝 | 便衣 | 博愛特區那些便衣 XD
後面出現，時間狀語從句的謂語 keep
will keep at least veto-power over the new administration.
keep at least 至少 保持| 保存
否決權 (veto-power) | 對應前方 yielded power
keep at least veto-power | 至少保持 否決權
關於什麼樣的一個權力? | over | 介詞
veto-power over the new administration 關於...的否決權
議席 | 軍方: 25% (一個制衡力量) | 鐵板一塊 行動一致
你幹啥我不管 | 但是跟我的利益有悖的 | 我就堅決不讓你幹
-- 軍方保留席次
修憲不能做，後面可能會帶來什麼影響呢?
The constitution also bars Miss Suu Kyi from becoming president, because her two sons are British citizens.
bars 此處名詞轉為動詞
名詞 鐵條，鐵棍
動詞 bars OO from XX | 阻止某人 OO 做某事 XX
bars Miss Suu Kyi from becoming president
讓她沒有辦法 (阻止她) 成為緬甸的總統，
主要的原因:
因為 她的兒子是英國公民。
(緬甸的憲法中說子女是他國公民，不具備參選總統的資格)
往下看，
她領導的黨派將出現什麼樣的反應呢?
出現的情況是，____
Her party, the National League for Democracy, will be reluctant to boycott an election it is likely to win.
說，現在這個情況，更為的糾結。
因為，民主的呼聲已經非常強烈了 | 前文 |
| the dawn of a new democratic era
她所領導的 (她所在的黨派)
國家民主政治聯盟 | National League for Democracy
會(will) 比較遲疑 (be reluctant to) | 不情願 | 更為糾結
她的黨派比較遲疑去做什麼事呢?
be reluctant to boycott
比較 遲疑 去 抵制
be reluctant to XXX | 比較遲疑去做某事 XXX
boycott 抵制|杯葛
Her party will be reluctant to boycott an election it is likely to win.
她的政黨不是特別願意去抵制
他們非常有可能獲得勝利的這樣一場選舉
Her party | it
it is likely to win. 這個政黨有可能贏 | 可能會獲得勝利
但是，這個政黨，它也不能坐以待斃，
But it may start making more noise about its unfairness, perhaps on the streets.
它可能會製造一些輿論，噪聲，來進行造勢
unfairness 前面提到的
修憲 要多少票，
修憲 造成的一些不公
(兒子是英國公民，不能選緬甸總統)
補最後一刀
perhaps on the streets | 指街頭活動，示威遊行靜坐。| 訴諸輿論
小總結
1 修憲二難
2 某人
3 反擊
延伸閱讀
Coded welcome: Aung San Suu Kyi in China
引用:The Economist Espresso
--- 【不动】---
不二，内心就能笃定，笃定则为不动。
解說 X 來源 : 教书匠小夏
WeChat ID : teacherxiapeng