Zero to One 2019-04-15

observing 观察(by writing) 

All happy flimsies are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own unique way. 

All failed companies are the same. 

This festival will be observed on July 6th. （v. 庆祝）

Young people will always use fashion to try to differentiate themselves form their peers. 

monopoly 垄断

creative monopoly (like the facebook, they are monopolizing the market by high-tech employees)

proprietary a. 专有的，专利的 

proprietary technology 

economies of scale 经济规模

niche 特定领域

define their niche market 找到细分市场定位

scale up=expand 

adjacent 邻近的=next to 

founding narrative (like the story about how this company started and succeed eventually)

free market ideology 自由市场理念

has mixed reviews 褒贬不一的观点

cut and dry 刻板生硬

upend 颠覆

The most successful companies make the core progression- to first dominate a specific niche and then scale up to adjacent markets- a part of their founding narratives. 

core progression 核心发展的路径,发展特色

They usually share some combination of the following characteristics.  有以下的特点

Each one earns a monopoly by solving a unique problem. 

More and more people are coming around to the idea of unisex bathrooms. 

unilingual 单语言的

bilingual 双语的