动词+宾语+宾语补足语”重点动词用法解析:
“make+宾语+宾语补足语”句型:
make用作使役动词表示 “使;使成为” 时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。现将make的复合宾语结构小结如下:
1、“make+宾语+n.” 意为“使、让某人 / 某物(成为)……”。如:We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
2、“make+宾语+adj.” 意为 “使某人 / 某事(变得)……”。如:The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。
友情提示:当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。如:The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。
3、“make+宾语+do sth.”(不带to的不定式)”意为 “使某人做某事”。如:What makes the grass grow? 什么东西使得草生长?Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。
友情提示:在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式 to 要还原。如:The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋,喝一些牛奶。
相关链接:have, make, let等使役动词和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe 等感官动词都可接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后可带to,也可不带to。如:Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。Did you see him go out? 你看见他出去了吗?I often help my mother (to) do some housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做些家务。
4、“make+宾语+V-ed(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为 “使某人 / 某事被……”。如:The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。
友情提示:通常情况下,make后的宾语是反身代词时,作宾补的动词要用过去分词,即:make oneself+V-ed (heard, known, understood)。如:He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。I think it is diffcult to make myself understood.我想让别人理解我太难了.
但有时,根据句子意思也可用其他形式。如:The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那个小孩儿站在椅子上,使他看上去更高些。
友情提示:
现在分词作宾补和不带 to 的不定式作宾补的区别是:现在分词一般表示动作正在进行,而不带 to 的不定式则一般表示动作已经完成。如:I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (动作正在进行) I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (动作已经完成)
“have+宾语+宾语补足语”句型:
动词have后面的宾语补足语有三种不同的形式:
1.“have+宾语+动词不定式(短语)”结构要求用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语,而且动词不定式(短语)不能带to,意为“让某人做某事”。这种结构中的have,在含义和用法上与作使役动词用的make差不多。例如: I’ll have my sister sing an English song.我将让我妹妹唱一首英语歌。
2.“have+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构要求用现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语,其含义也是“让某人做某事”,但与动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语有区别:动词不定式(短语)强调的是动作的全过程,而现在分词(短语)强调的是动作正在进行中。这种结构中的have在含义和用法上与“keep+宾语+现在分词”结构中的keep基本相同。例如:Don’t have the boy standing outside.(别让孩子站在外面。)
3.“have+宾语+过去分词(短语)”结构要求用过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。它有三种不同的含义:
1)表示请别人做某事。例如: My watch doesn’t work.I’m going to have it repaired.(我的手表坏了,我想请人修理一下。)
2)表示遭遇到某事。例如:She had her bike stolen.(她的自行车被人偷了。)
3)表示完成某事。例如:We must have this work finished by Saturday.(我们一定要在星期六以前完成这项工作。)
“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”句型:
keep 用作及物动词常用句型为“ keep+宾语+宾语补足语”,意为“使……保持某种状态”,可分为以下三种情况:
1、“keep+宾语+形容词/副词”的句型,Keep在此句型中表示“使(人或物)保持在(某一状态)”的意思。如:He always keeps his room clean.他总是把他的房间保持得干干净净的。Keep the door closed,please.请关上门。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班上的其他学生闭上了眼睛。
2、keep+宾语+介词短语。如:Please keep your hands behind your back.请把手放在背后。:They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。 Don't you want to keep me in the classroom?你是不是叫我一直呆在教室里不出去?
3、keep+宾语+V-ing(现在分词) 如:Don't keep them working day and night.不要让他们不分白天黑夜的工作。
“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”句型:
“leave+宾语+宾补”结构中leave作为及物动词,可以表示“使保留,让……处于(某种状态、某地等)”。其后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等补足语。
a. leave+宾语+宾补(形容词)例如:would you please leave the door open for me? 请你为我把门开着,好吗?
b. leave+宾语+宾补(分词) 例如:He has left me waiting for a long time . 他让我等了好长时间。That man left the bike mended . 那人没修那辆自行车。
c. leave+宾语+宾补(介词短语)例如:You must leave him at home . 你必须把他留在家里。
“find+宾语+宾语补足语”句型:
“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构在初中英语教材中频繁出现,现将其常见结构归纳如下:
1、find+宾语+名词(词组)。例如:The teacher found the girl a good singer.老师发现这个女孩是个出色的歌手。We found it a difficult problem.我们发现这是一个难题。
2、find+宾语+形容词。例如:Many people found English more and more useful.很多人发现英语越来越有用。They found the boy very clever.他们发现这个男孩很聪明。
3、find+宾语+副词。例如:When I rang up Mike,I found him out.我给迈克打电话时,发现他出去了。
4、find+宾语+介词短语。例如:I found the cat under the desk.我发现那只猫在桌子底下。We found Lin Tao at home.我们发现林涛在家里。
5、find+宾语+现在分词。例如:When I went into her room,I found her reading a book.我走进她房间时,发现她在看一本书。The girl found a purse lying on the ground.这位姑娘发现地上有一个钱包。
6、find+宾语+过去分词。例如:The next morning,the old man found himself covered with an old coat.第二天早晨,老人发现自己身上盖着一件旧大衣。
7、当不定式作find的宾语时,通常用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语则放在宾语补足语之后。例如:He found it very difficult to solve the problem.他发现要解决这个问题很难。You will find it difficult to get along with him. 你会发现他这个人很难相处。