LeakCanary源码解析

LeakCanary : https://github.com/square/leakcanary

version : 1.6.3

Header

LeakCanary 是一款专门用来侦测 Android 内存泄漏的类库。使用方式简单,代码侵入性低,基本上算是 Android 开发必备工具了。

今天就主要来分析一下 LeakCanary 的实现原理。在开头就简单地讲讲它的实现思路:LeakCanary 将检测的对象(一般是 Activity 或 Fragment)放入弱引用中,并且弱引用关联到引用队列中,触发 GC 之后,查看引用队列中是否存在该弱引用,如果发现没有,那么有可能发生内存泄漏了,dump 出堆内存快照进行分析。分析出泄漏实例后再查找到它的引用链,最后发送通知给开发者。

Prepare

这里先简单讲解一下 WeakReference 的知识。

Q: 如何检测一个对象是否被回收?
A: 采用 WeakReference + ReferenceQueue 的方案检测

Reference

Reference 把内存分为 4 种状态,Active 、 Pending 、 Enqueued 、 Inactive。

  • Active :一般说来 Reference 被创建出来分配的状态都是 Active
  • Pending :马上要放入队列(ReferenceQueue)的状态,也就是马上要回收的对象
  • Enqueued :Reference 对象已经进入队列,即 Reference 对象已经被回收
  • Inactive :Reference 从队列中取出后的最终状态,无法变成其他的状态。

ReferenceQueue

引用队列,在 Reference 被回收的时候,Reference 会被添加到 ReferenceQueue 中。
作用:用来检测 Reference 是否被回收。

代码解释

下面这段代码来自于 「Leakcanary 源码分析」看这一篇就够了

//创建一个引用队列  
ReferenceQueue queue = new ReferenceQueue();  
    
// 创建弱引用,此时状态为Active,并且Reference.pending为空,
// 当前Reference.queue = 上面创建的queue,并且next=null  
// reference 创建并关联 queue
WeakReference reference = new WeakReference(new Object(), queue);  
    
// 当GC执行后,由于是弱引用,所以回收该object对象,并且置于pending上,此时reference的状态为PENDING  
System.gc();  
  
// ReferenceHandler从 pending 中取下该元素,并且将该元素放入到queue中,
//此时Reference状态为ENQUEUED,Reference.queue = Reference.ENQUEUED 
  
// 当从queue里面取出该元素,则变为INACTIVE,Reference.queue = Reference.NULL  
Reference reference1 = queue.remove();  

在 Reference 类加载的时候,Java 虚拟机会会创建一个最大优先级的后台线程,这个线程的工作就是不断检测 pending 是否为 null,如果不为 null,那么就将它放到 ReferenceQueue。因为 pending 不为 null,就说明引用所指向的对象已经被 GC,变成了不也达。

源码解析

LeakCanary 初始化的代码就一句 LeakCanary.install(application) 。所以我们就从入口开始看吧。

LeakCanary.install

public static @NonNull RefWatcher install(@NonNull Application application) {
  return refWatcher(application).listenerServiceClass(DisplayLeakService.class)
      .excludedRefs(AndroidExcludedRefs.createAppDefaults().build())
      .buildAndInstall();
}

public static @NonNull AndroidRefWatcherBuilder refWatcher(@NonNull Context context) {
  return new AndroidRefWatcherBuilder(context);
}

在 install 方法中,使用了构造者模式来创建 RefWatcher 。我们直接看 AndroidRefWatcherBuilder 的 buildAndInstall 模式。

AndroidRefWatcherBuilder.buildAndInstall

public @NonNull RefWatcher buildAndInstall() {
  if (LeakCanaryInternals.installedRefWatcher != null) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("buildAndInstall() should only be called once.");
  }
  // 创建出 RefWatcher
  RefWatcher refWatcher = build();
  if (refWatcher != DISABLED) {
    if (enableDisplayLeakActivity) {
      LeakCanaryInternals.setEnabledAsync(context, DisplayLeakActivity.class, true);
    }
    // 侦测 Activity
    if (watchActivities) {
      ActivityRefWatcher.install(context, refWatcher);
    }
    // 侦测 Fragment
    if (watchFragments) {
      FragmentRefWatcher.Helper.install(context, refWatcher);
    }
  }
  LeakCanaryInternals.installedRefWatcher = refWatcher;
  return refWatcher;
}

重点来看 ActivityRefWatcher.install(context, refWatcher); 在这里我们就只看 ActivityRefWatcher 了,因为 FragmentRefWatcher 的原理也是差不多。

AndroidRefWatcher.install

public static void install(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull RefWatcher refWatcher) {
  Application application = (Application) context.getApplicationContext();
  ActivityRefWatcher activityRefWatcher = new ActivityRefWatcher(application, refWatcher);

  application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(activityRefWatcher.lifecycleCallbacks);
}

private final Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks lifecycleCallbacks =
    new ActivityLifecycleCallbacksAdapter() {
      @Override public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
        refWatcher.watch(activity);
      }
    };

在 AndroidRefWatcher 中,只是去注册了 ActivityLifecycleCallbacks 接口。在 onActivityDestroyed 方法中调用 refWatcher 去观察该 Activity 有没有内存泄漏。这样,就不需要开发者手动地去写代码监听每一个 Activity 了。

RefWatcher.watch

public void watch(Object watchedReference) {
  watch(watchedReference, "");
}

public void watch(Object watchedReference, String referenceName) {
  if (this == DISABLED) {
    return;
  }
  checkNotNull(watchedReference, "watchedReference");
  checkNotNull(referenceName, "referenceName");
  final long watchStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
  // 创建出唯一的 key ,用来标示该 WeakReference
  String key = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
  // 把该 key 加入到 Set 集合中
  retainedKeys.add(key);
  // 创建弱引用,把 activity 传入
  final KeyedWeakReference reference =
      new KeyedWeakReference(watchedReference, key, referenceName, queue);
  // 观察该 Activity 有没有被GC回收
  ensureGoneAsync(watchStartNanoTime, reference);
}

private void ensureGoneAsync(final long watchStartNanoTime, final KeyedWeakReference reference) {
  // 这里会调用 IdleHandler 等待主线程空闲的时候再执行
  watchExecutor.execute(new Retryable() {
    @Override public Retryable.Result run() {
      // 确认 Activity 有没有被回收
      return ensureGone(reference, watchStartNanoTime);
    }
  });
}

创建出一个有唯一标示的 WeakReference ,然后调用 ensureGone 来看看 Activity 有没有被回收。

RefWatcher.ensureGone

@SuppressWarnings("ReferenceEquality") // Explicitly checking for named null.
Retryable.Result ensureGone(final KeyedWeakReference reference, final long watchStartNanoTime) {
  long gcStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
  long watchDurationMs = NANOSECONDS.toMillis(gcStartNanoTime - watchStartNanoTime);
  //把 referenceQueue 中已经入列的弱引用取出
  //然后从 set 集合中把对应的 retainedKeys 移除
  removeWeaklyReachableReferences();

  if (debuggerControl.isDebuggerAttached()) {
    // The debugger can create false leaks.
    return RETRY;
  }
  // 如果 set 中没有对应的key ,那就说明没有内存泄漏
  if (gone(reference)) {
    return DONE;
  }
  // 触发 GC 
  gcTrigger.runGc();
  // 再检查一遍
  removeWeaklyReachableReferences();
  // 如果在 set 中还有这个key,说明内存泄漏了
  if (!gone(reference)) {
    long startDumpHeap = System.nanoTime();
    long gcDurationMs = NANOSECONDS.toMillis(startDumpHeap - gcStartNanoTime);
    // 调用 Debug.dumpHprofData dump出内存快照
    File heapDumpFile = heapDumper.dumpHeap();
    if (heapDumpFile == RETRY_LATER) {
      // Could not dump the heap.
      return RETRY;
    }
    long heapDumpDurationMs = NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startDumpHeap);

    HeapDump heapDump = heapDumpBuilder.heapDumpFile(heapDumpFile).referenceKey(reference.key)
        .referenceName(reference.name)
        .watchDurationMs(watchDurationMs)
        .gcDurationMs(gcDurationMs)
        .heapDumpDurationMs(heapDumpDurationMs)
        .build();
    // 分析内存, 这里的 heapdumpListener 实现类是 ServiceHeapDumpListener
    heapdumpListener.analyze(heapDump);
  }
  return DONE;
}

private boolean gone(KeyedWeakReference reference) {
  return !retainedKeys.contains(reference.key);
}

private void removeWeaklyReachableReferences() {
  // WeakReferences are enqueued as soon as the object to which they point to becomes weakly
  // reachable. This is before finalization or garbage collection has actually happened.
  KeyedWeakReference ref;
  while ((ref = (KeyedWeakReference) queue.poll()) != null) {
    retainedKeys.remove(ref.key);
  }
}

ensureGone 中逻辑就是反复地确认 Set 集合中还有没有 key ,如果没有的话就代表没有内存泄漏;反之,就很有可能发生了内存泄漏。

ServiceHeapDumpListener.analyze

public final class ServiceHeapDumpListener implements HeapDump.Listener {

  private final Context context;
  private final Class listenerServiceClass;

  public ServiceHeapDumpListener(@NonNull final Context context,
      @NonNull final Class listenerServiceClass) {
    this.listenerServiceClass = checkNotNull(listenerServiceClass, "listenerServiceClass");
    this.context = checkNotNull(context, "context").getApplicationContext();
  }

  @Override public void analyze(@NonNull HeapDump heapDump) {
    checkNotNull(heapDump, "heapDump");
    // HeapAnalyzerService 将运行在另外一个独立的进程中
    HeapAnalyzerService.runAnalysis(context, heapDump, listenerServiceClass);
  }
}

ServiceHeapDumpListener 这里主要调用了 HeapAnalyzerService 来分析内存。注意,HeapAnalyzerService 是运行在另外一个进程中的,不是主进程。

HeapAnalyzerService.runAnalysis

public static void runAnalysis(Context context, HeapDump heapDump,
    Class listenerServiceClass) {
  setEnabledBlocking(context, HeapAnalyzerService.class, true);
  setEnabledBlocking(context, listenerServiceClass, true);
  Intent intent = new Intent(context, HeapAnalyzerService.class);
  intent.putExtra(LISTENER_CLASS_EXTRA, listenerServiceClass.getName());
  intent.putExtra(HEAPDUMP_EXTRA, heapDump);
  ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, intent);
}

HeapAnalyzerService 其实是继承了 IntentService 的。所以只要看 onHandleIntent 中的内容就好了,对应着也就是 onHandleIntentInForeground 方法。

HeapAnalyzerService.onHandleIntentInForeground

@Override protected void onHandleIntentInForeground(@Nullable Intent intent) {
  if (intent == null) {
    CanaryLog.d("HeapAnalyzerService received a null intent, ignoring.");
    return;
  }
  String listenerClassName = intent.getStringExtra(LISTENER_CLASS_EXTRA);
  HeapDump heapDump = (HeapDump) intent.getSerializableExtra(HEAPDUMP_EXTRA);

  HeapAnalyzer heapAnalyzer =
      new HeapAnalyzer(heapDump.excludedRefs, this, heapDump.reachabilityInspectorClasses);
  // 分析内存,查找内存泄漏点以及引用链
  AnalysisResult result = heapAnalyzer.checkForLeak(heapDump.heapDumpFile, heapDump.referenceKey,
      heapDump.computeRetainedHeapSize);
  // 找到后,发送通知给开发者    
  AbstractAnalysisResultService.sendResultToListener(this, listenerClassName, heapDump, result);
}

分析内存的步骤主要在 HeapAnalyzer 中。

HeapAnalyzer.checkForLeak

public @NonNull AnalysisResult checkForLeak(@NonNull File heapDumpFile,
    @NonNull String referenceKey,
    boolean computeRetainedSize) {
  long analysisStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();

  if (!heapDumpFile.exists()) {
    Exception exception = new IllegalArgumentException("File does not exist: " + heapDumpFile);
    return failure(exception, since(analysisStartNanoTime));
  }

  try {
    listener.onProgressUpdate(READING_HEAP_DUMP_FILE);
    HprofBuffer buffer = new MemoryMappedFileBuffer(heapDumpFile);
    HprofParser parser = new HprofParser(buffer);
    listener.onProgressUpdate(PARSING_HEAP_DUMP);
    Snapshot snapshot = parser.parse();
    listener.onProgressUpdate(DEDUPLICATING_GC_ROOTS);
    deduplicateGcRoots(snapshot);
    listener.onProgressUpdate(FINDING_LEAKING_REF);
    // 发现内存泄漏的实例
    Instance leakingRef = findLeakingReference(referenceKey, snapshot);

    // False alarm, weak reference was cleared in between key check and heap dump.
    // 如果实例不存在,那就说明没有内存泄漏
    if (leakingRef == null) {
      String className = leakingRef.getClassObj().getClassName();
      return noLeak(className, since(analysisStartNanoTime));
    }
    // 分析出对应的引用链
    return findLeakTrace(analysisStartNanoTime, snapshot, leakingRef, computeRetainedSize);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
    return failure(e, since(analysisStartNanoTime));
  }
}

这里主要有两个方法的看点:

  • findLeakingReference
  • findLeakTrace

我们先来看第一个 findLeakingReference 。

HeapAnalyzer.findLeakingReference

private Instance findLeakingReference(String key, Snapshot snapshot) {
  ClassObj refClass = snapshot.findClass(KeyedWeakReference.class.getName());
  if (refClass == null) {
    throw new IllegalStateException(
        "Could not find the " + KeyedWeakReference.class.getName() + " class in the heap dump.");
  }
  List keysFound = new ArrayList<>();
  for (Instance instance : refClass.getInstancesList()) {
    List values = classInstanceValues(instance);
    Object keyFieldValue = fieldValue(values, "key");
    if (keyFieldValue == null) {
      keysFound.add(null);
      continue;
    }
    String keyCandidate = asString(keyFieldValue);
    if (keyCandidate.equals(key)) {
      return fieldValue(values, "referent");
    }
    keysFound.add(keyCandidate);
  }
  throw new IllegalStateException(
      "Could not find weak reference with key " + key + " in " + keysFound);
}

还记得之前 KeyedWeakReference 中的那个唯一标示 key 吗?对,这里找内存泄漏的实例也是靠它。

通过那个 key 可以找出 KeyedWeakReference 实例,然后 KeyedWeakReference 实例中 referent 全局变量就是我们要找的内存泄漏实例。也就是我们的 Activity/Fragment 对象。

这样,就完成了内存泄漏的实例查找。然后我们再来看第二个点 findLeakTrace 方法。

HeapAnalyzer.findLeakTrace

private AnalysisResult findLeakTrace(long analysisStartNanoTime, Snapshot snapshot,
    Instance leakingRef, boolean computeRetainedSize) {

  listener.onProgressUpdate(FINDING_SHORTEST_PATH);
  ShortestPathFinder pathFinder = new ShortestPathFinder(excludedRefs);
  ShortestPathFinder.Result result = pathFinder.findPath(snapshot, leakingRef);

  String className = leakingRef.getClassObj().getClassName();

  // False alarm, no strong reference path to GC Roots.
  if (result.leakingNode == null) {
    return noLeak(className, since(analysisStartNanoTime));
  }

  listener.onProgressUpdate(BUILDING_LEAK_TRACE);
  LeakTrace leakTrace = buildLeakTrace(result.leakingNode);

  long retainedSize;
  if (computeRetainedSize) {

    listener.onProgressUpdate(COMPUTING_DOMINATORS);
    // Side effect: computes retained size.
    snapshot.computeDominators();

    Instance leakingInstance = result.leakingNode.instance;

    retainedSize = leakingInstance.getTotalRetainedSize();

    // TODO: check O sources and see what happened to android.graphics.Bitmap.mBuffer
    if (SDK_INT <= N_MR1) {
      listener.onProgressUpdate(COMPUTING_BITMAP_SIZE);
      retainedSize += computeIgnoredBitmapRetainedSize(snapshot, leakingInstance);
    }
  } else {
    retainedSize = AnalysisResult.RETAINED_HEAP_SKIPPED;
  }

  return leakDetected(result.excludingKnownLeaks, className, leakTrace, retainedSize,
      since(analysisStartNanoTime));
}

findLeakTrace 方法总体的逻辑就是

  • 建立内存泄漏点到 GC Roots 的最短引用链
  • 计算整个内存泄漏的大小 retained size

这里的在内存快照中引用链建立等都是在 haha 库中完成的。haha 是 square 出品一款 Android Heap 分析库。

具体可以看这里 :https://github.com/square/haha

到这里,LeakCanary 整体的逻辑分析就讲完了。下面再给出一张流程图。

流程图

LeakCanary源码解析_第1张图片
20190706173423.png

Footer

其实 LeakCanary 整体的代码流程很清晰,阅读起来也比较易懂,也给我们好好地上了一课。

Read the fucking source code!

Reference

  • 「Leakcanary 源码分析」看这一篇就够了

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