引言
1.我们开发中常常不经意间会引起内存不释放的问题,常见的self->block,block->self.property;Timer没有释放等循环引用问题,使得ViewController一直被引用而没有被释放,则不会实行dealloc/deinit。
2.如果不每个VC都去重写dealloc/deinit方法去显示地去打印或者使用Leaks工具等,开发者是不会那么容易发现得了内存健康出了状况的。
3.那我们可以紧紧抓住一个点:VC在pop/dismiss的时候,dealloc/deinit有没有调用。再进一步说,是pop/dismiss出去的那个控制器是否还打印出内存。
核心思想
1.给nil对象发送消息是不会崩溃的
2.查看pop/dismiss出去的那个控制器是否还有内存
分析怎么做
我们需要动态添加关联bool类型的属性,这个关联属性有什么用?记录当前VC在viewWillAppear和pop/dismiss时候的状态,在viewWillDisappear的时候延时检测VC这个对象有没有内存地址。这里为什么要延时?因为pop释放VC的内存需要一丢丢时间。那么剩下的操作就是hook系统方法。
实操
1.hook住NavigationController的popViewController(animated:)。用来做啥呢?插入代码:插入动态关联属性,给要pop出去的VC更改关联属性状态,true表示准备释放这个VC。
import UIKit
private let onceToken = "BaseNavigationController Method Swizzling"
class BaseNavigationController: UINavigationController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
}
}
extension BaseNavigationController {
// 系统的initialize已经禁用,我们自己写一个,在AppDelegate的didFinishLaunchingWithOptions调用
public class func initializeMethod() {
if self != BaseNavigationController.self { return }
DispatchQueue.once(token: onceToken) {
let originalSelector = #selector(popViewController(animated:))
let swizzlingSelector = #selector(swizzling_popViewController(animated:))
// 封装好方法交换
MethodSwizzlingTool.swizzling(cls: self, originalSelector: originalSelector, swizzledSelector: swizzlingSelector)
}
}
@objc func swizzling_popViewController(animated: Bool) -> UIViewController? {
// 插入动态关联属性
let popVC = self.swizzling_popViewController(animated: animated)
if let vc = popVC {
// 给要pop出去的VC更改关联属性状态,true表示准备释放这个VC
objc_setAssociatedObject(vc, &AssociatedKeys.ViewContorllerWillDeinit, true, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN)
}
return popVC
}
}
2.1 hook住ViewController的dismiss(animated:completion:)。插入代码:动态关联属性,给要dismiss出去的VC更改关联属性状态,true表示准备释放这个VC。
2.2 hook住ViewController的viewWillAppear(:)。插入代码:动态关联属性,给要dismiss出去的VC更改关联属性状态,false表示VC的表示view才将要显示了。
2.3 重头戏:hook住ViewController的viewWillDisappear(:)。插入代码:得到关联属性的状态,如果是true,表示视图要消失即将回收VC的资源,这个时候才是关键!!给self发送对象看它是否响应,若响应了,说明没有释放内存。
private let onceToken = "BaseViewController Method Swizzling"
class BaseViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
}
}
extension BaseViewController {
public class func initializeMethod() {
if self != BaseViewController.self { return }
// DispatchQueue函数保证代码只被执行一次,防止又被交换回去导致得不到想要的效果
DispatchQueue.once(token: onceToken) {
// 交换viewWillAppear
let originalSelector = #selector(BaseViewController.viewWillAppear(_:))
let swizzledSelector = #selector(BaseViewController.swizzled_viewWillAppear(animated:))
MethodSwizzlingTool.swizzling(cls: self, originalSelector: originalSelector, swizzledSelector: swizzledSelector)
// 交换viewWillDisappear
let originalSelector1 = #selector(BaseViewController.viewWillDisappear(_:))
let swizzledSelector1 = #selector(BaseViewController.swizzled_viewWillDisappear(animated:))
MethodSwizzlingTool.swizzling(cls: self, originalSelector: originalSelector1, swizzledSelector: swizzledSelector1)
// 交换dissmiss
let originalSelector2 = #selector(BaseViewController.dismiss(animated:completion:))
let swizzledSelector2 = #selector(BaseViewController.swizzlied_dismiss(animated:completion:))
MethodSwizzlingTool.swizzling(cls: self, originalSelector: originalSelector2, swizzledSelector: swizzledSelector2)
}
}
}
extension BaseViewController {
@objc func swizzled_viewWillAppear(animated: Bool) {
self.swizzled_viewWillAppear(animated: animated)
// 更改关联属性状态设置false,表示view才将要显示了
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.ViewContorllerWillDeinit, false, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN)
}
@objc func swizzled_viewWillDisappear(animated: Bool) {
self.swizzled_viewWillDisappear(animated: animated)
// 得到关联属性的状态,如果是true,表示视图要消失即将回收VC的资源,这个时候才是关键!!给self发送对象看它是否响应,若响应了,说明没有释放内存
guard let state = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.ViewContorllerWillDeinit) as? Bool else { return }
if state {
// 核心在这!
willDeinit()
}
}
@objc func swizzlied_dismiss(animated flag: Bool, completion: (() -> Void)? = nil) {
self.swizzlied_dismiss(animated: flag, completion: completion)
// 给要dimiss出去的VC更改关联属性状态,true表示准备释放这个VC
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedKeys.ViewContorllerWillDeinit, true, objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN)
}
}
3.查看pop/dismiss出去的那个控制器是否还有内存
extension BaseViewController {
private func willDeinit() {
/* 核心思想:
1.给nil对象发送消息是不会崩溃的
2.查看pop出去的那个控制器是否还有内存,如果是,则没有被释放
*/
// ps:这里的延时是因为popViewController执行还是需要一定的时间
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now()+2.0) { [weak self] in
// 如果self被释放了,给nil发送消息是不会响应的
self?.isNotDeinit()
}
}
private func isNotDeinit() {
// 打印VC内存 - 这里可以弹框啥的给开发者做提示
print(String.init(format: "%p is not deinit", self))
}
}
4.在application的didFinishLaunchingWithOptions调用两个initializeMethod
func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {
// Hook: viewWillAppear/viewWillDisappear/dismiss
BaseViewController.initializeMethod()
// Hook: popViewController
BaseNavigationController.initializeMethod()
window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)
window?.backgroundColor = .white
window?.rootViewController = BaseNavigationController(rootViewController: ViewController())
window?.makeKeyAndVisible()
return true
}
5.ViewController去push/present一个FirstViewController,在FirstViewController里面实现一个循环引用
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
view.backgroundColor = .red
}
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set, with event: UIEvent?) {
navigationController?.pushViewController(FirstViewController(), animated: true)
// present(FirstViewController(), animated: true, completion: nil)
}
}
class FirstViewController: BaseViewController {
var str = "aaa"
var callBack: (()->())?
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
view.backgroundColor = .blue
// 实现一个有循环引用问题的block
self.callBack = {
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now()+2.0, execute: {
print(self.str)
})
}
callBack?()
}
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set, with event: UIEvent?) {
navigationController?.popViewController(animated: true)
// dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
}
deinit {
// deinit不会执行,因为block造成循环引用了
print("FirstViewController deinit")
}
}
运行模拟器跑起来:
和我们预期结果一样,FirstViewController对象没有释放
代码地址