1、系统环境：centos7、linuxx64_12201_database.zip
2、配置主机名：vi /etc/hosts，添加配置项192.168.1.200 bogon
3、创建oracle用户以及用户组：
groupadd -g54321 oinstall
groupadd -g54322 dba
groupadd -g54323 oper
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
并使用root用户需改oracle用户的登录密码。
不必非要按照叫oinstall，和dba，只不过一般文档上就这么叫
oinstall组用于安装数据库
dba组用于管理数据库
-g 表示这个用户的主组
-G 标识这个用户的其它组
一个用户可以属于多个用户组，但是一个用户只能指定一个组作为其主组
4、使用oralce用户上传安装文件
5、安装依赖软件
yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libcap1 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh-yyuminstalllibaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install nfs-utils -y
yum install net-tools -y
yum install smartmontools -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
6、限制oracle用户资源使用： vi /etc/security/limits.conf
添加如下信息：
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 1024
0oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
7、配置内核参数：
添加如下：
fs.file-max =6815744
kernel.sem =25032000100128
kernel.shmmni =4096
kernel.shmall =1073741824
kernel.shmmax =4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops =1
net.core.rmem_default =262144
net.core.rmem_max =4194304
net.core.wmem_default =262144
net.core.wmem_max =1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter =2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter =2
fs.aio-max-nr =1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =900065500
运行sysctl -p命令更改当前内核参数
8、修改设置SELINUX
vi /etc/selinux/config
将`SELINUX`修改为permissive，即：SELINUX=permissive
setenforce Permissive
9、禁用防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
10、创建oralce安装目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/products/oracle12c
chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local
chmod -R 775 /usr/local/
11、配置环境变量并验证
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=bogon（注：主机名）
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle12c
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
使文件生效：source .bash_profile
验证：echo $ORACLE_HOME
12、解压安装包：unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
13、修改配置文件
cd database/response/
vim db_install.rsp
修改内容如下：
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
14、安装oracle
命令行方式：
./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion \
-showProgress -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory \
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c \
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
响应文件安装：
./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion \
-showProgress -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
安装完成后使用root用户执行以下脚本：
/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/usr/local/products/oracle12c/root.sh
执行命令：sqlplus / as sysdba
[oracle@solang ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus:Release12.2.0.1.0ProductiononSun May2711:52:012018
Copyright (c)1982,2016, Oracle.Allrights reserved.
Connectedtoan idle instance.
SQL>
此时数据库安装成功。
15、创建数据库：
dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-templateName/usr/local/products/oracle12c/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile/home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp \
-characterSetAL32UTF8 \
-sysPasswordOraPasswd1 \
-systemPasswordOraPasswd1 \
-createAsContainerDatabasetrue\
-numberOfPDBs1\
-pdbName pdb1 \
-pdbAdminPasswordOraPasswd1 \
-automaticMemoryManagementfalse\
-ignorePreReqs
数据文件目录datafileDestination默认安装在$ORACLE_BASE/oradata下
注意:密码设置需要密码长度至少8位，包含至少1个大写字符，1个小写字符和1个数字[0-9]。
再次执行命令：sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 4 14:31:46 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL>
16、数据库监听配置：
查看监听状态：lsnrctl status
[oracle@bogon ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-MAY-2019 14:34:14
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[oracle@bogon ~]$
此时监听未启动
使用默认的netca.rsp文件
执行命令netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
[oracle@bogon ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/usr/local/products/oracle12c/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
[oracle@bogon ~]$
启动成功，此时再次查看监听状态：
[oracle@bogon ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-MAY-2019 14:36:30
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bogon)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 04-MAY-2019 14:35:24
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 6 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /usr/local/products/oracle12c/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /usr/local/products/diag/tnslsnr/bogon/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bogon)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "880ae9e0f0144dbee055266a1fb8e3c7" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdb1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdb1XDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@bogon ~]$
监听配置成功。
17、结束：
启动监听：lsnrctl start
停止监听：lsnrctl stop
本文详情请参考：Linux命令行安装Oracle12c - Pachulia - 博客园