Pytest提供了多样化的方式来运行和调试测试用例，本文介绍一些比较常用的方式。
pytest是如何识别测试用例的呢？它默认使用检查以test_ .py 或test.py命名的文件名，在文件内部查找以test打头的方法或函数，并执行它们。
下面是Pytest的官网的一些测试例子，本文用它来进行不同的Pytest运行。
首先安装好Python和Pytest，新建一个test_pytest_markers.py，在Terminal里面可以尝试以下不同的运行方式。
#Below are test_pytest_markers.py
# content of test_server.py
import pytest
@pytest.mark.webtest
def test_send_http():
pass # perform some webtest test for your app
def test_something_quick():
pass
def test_another():
pass
class TestClass:
def test_method(self):
pass
1. Pytest Marker 机制
对于Pytest的测试用例，可以在每一个测试用例加一个marker，比如pytest运行的时就只运行带有该marker的测试用例，比如下面的@pytest.mark.webtest。
在我们的实际项目中，我们通常把为每个feature建立相应的marker，用于测试时进行不同条件的挑选。
Pytest还支持一个测试用例有多个marker，这个在后续会把相应的实践加入进来。
测试结果如下，只挑选了测试用例带有webtest marker的运行。
C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example>pytest -v -m "webtest" test_pytest_markers.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 2.7.13, pytest-3.0.6, py-1.4.32, pluggy-0.4.0 -- C:\Python27\python.exe
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example, inifile:
collected 4 items
test_pytest_markers.py::test_send_http PASSED
============================= 3 tests deselected ==============================
=================== 1 passed, 3 deselected in 0.04 seconds ====================
同样的，也可以只挑选了测试用例中不带有webtest marker的运行。
C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example>pytest -v -m "not webtest" test_pytest_markers.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 2.7.13, pytest-3.0.6, py-1.4.32, pluggy-0.4.0 -- C:\Python27\python.exe
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example, inifile:
collected 4 items
test_pytest_markers.py::test_something_quick PASSED
test_pytest_markers.py::test_another PASSED
test_pytest_markers.py::TestClass::test_method PASSED
============================= 1 tests deselected ==============================
2. 选择运行特定的某个测试用例
你可以按照某个测试用例的的模块，类或函数来选择你要运行的case，比如下面的方式就适合一开始在调试单个测试用例的时候。
C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example>pytest -v test_pytest_markers.py::TestClass::test_method
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 2.7.13, pytest-3.0.6, py-1.4.32, pluggy-0.4.0 -- C:\Python27\python.exe
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example, inifile:
collected 5 items
test_pytest_markers.py::TestClass::test_method PASSED
========================== 1 passed in 0.03 seconds ===========================
3. 选择运行特定的某个类
比如你想单独运行下某个类的所有测试用例，可以按照如下操作。
C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example>pytest -v test_pytest_markers.py::TestClass
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 2.7.13, pytest-3.0.6, py-1.4.32, pluggy-0.4.0 -- C:\Python27\python.exe
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example, inifile:
collected 4 items
test_pytest_markers.py::TestClass::test_method PASSED
========================== 1 passed in 0.04 seconds ===========================
4 多种组合
比如下面，你可以进行以上两种方式的组合挑选你需要运行的测试用例。
C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example>pytest -v test_pytest_markers.py::TestClass test_pytest_markers.py::test_send_http
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 2.7.13, pytest-3.0.6, py-1.4.32, pluggy-0.4.0 -- C:\Python27\python.exe
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example, inifile:
collected 8 items
test_pytest_markers.py::TestClass::test_method PASSED
test_pytest_markers.py::test_send_http PASSED
========================== 2 passed in 0.06 seconds ===========================
5 用-k进行关键字匹配来运行测试用例名字子串
比如用-k选择测试用例的名字中只带有http关键字的运行。
C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example>pytest -v -k http test_pytest_markers.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 2.7.13, pytest-3.0.6, py-1.4.32, pluggy-0.4.0 -- C:\Python27\python.exe
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: C:\Users\yatyang\PycharmProjects\pytest_example, inifile:
collected 4 items
test_pytest_markers.py::test_send_http PASSED
============================= 3 tests deselected ==============================
=================== 1 passed, 3 deselected in 0.12 seconds ====================
Reference
- http://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/example/markers.html