Mysql 系列文章主页
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从 这篇 文章中，我们知道 Mysql 并发事务会引起更新丢失问题，解决办法是锁。所以本文将对锁（乐观锁、悲观锁）进行分析。
第一部分 悲观锁
1 概念（来自百科）
悲观锁，正如其名，它指的是对数据被外界（包括当前系统的其它事务，以及来自外部系统的事务处理）修改持保守态度，因此，在整个数据处理过程中，将数据处于锁定状态。悲观锁的实现，往往依靠数据库提供的锁机制（也只有数据库层提供的锁机制才能真正保证数据访问的排它性，否则，即使在本系统中实现了加锁机制，也无法保证外部系统不会修改数据）。
还可以简单理解，就是Java中的 Synchronized 关键字。只要对代码加了 Synchronized 关键字，JVM 底层就能保证其线程安全性。
那么，在 Mysql 中如何实现悲观锁呢？下面分别以命令行以及Java代码的方式进行演示。
2 命令行演示
2.1 准备数据
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cyhTest; CREATE DATABASE cyhTest; USE cyhTest; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS employee; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employee ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, money INTEGER, version INTEGER, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE = INNODB; INSERT INTO employee VALUE (1, 0, 1); SELECT * FROM employee;
目前数据库中只有一条记录，且初始Money=0
2.2 测试
测试准备：
- 还是两个会话（终端），左边会话是白色背景、右边会话是黑色背景
- 关闭自动提交：set autocommit = 0;
现在开始测试：
第一步：两个终端均关闭自动提交
左边：
右边：
第二步：左边利用 select .... for update 的悲观锁语法锁住记录
select * from employee where id = 1 for update;
第三步：右边也尝试利用 select .... for update 的悲观锁语法锁住记录
可以看到，Sql语句被挂起（被阻塞）！
提示：如果被阻塞的时间太长，会提示如下：
第四步：左边执行更新操作并提交事务
Sql语句：
update employee set money = 0 + 1 where id = 1; commit;
结果：
分析：
- Money 的旧值为0，所以更新时 Money=0+1
- 一执行 commit 后，注意查看右边Sql语句的变化
第五步：查看右边Sql语句的变化
分析：
- 被左边悲观锁阻塞了 11.33 秒
- Money=1，这是左边更新后的结果
2.3 结论
可以看到，当左边（事务A）使用了 select ... for update 的悲观锁后，右边（事务B）再想使用将被阻塞，同时，阻塞被解除后事务B能看到事务A对数据的修改，所以，这就可以很好地解决并发事务的更新丢失问题啦（诚然，这也是人家悲观锁的分内事）
3 Java代码演示
Demo 代码地址：https://github.com/cyhbyw/cyh_Spring_IsolationConcurrencyTransaction
Demo 工程名称：usingMybatis
3.1 准备
确保数据库用户名和密码对应；执行 test.sql 文件中的脚本；
3.2 业务逻辑代码
XML 文件中的 Mapper：
<select id="findByIdWithPessimisticLock" resultType="com.cyh.entity.Employee"> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id = #{id} FOR UPDATE select>
提示：这里是 SELCT ... FOR UPDATE
Service 中的业务逻辑：
1 @Transactional(rollbackFor = RuntimeException.class) 2 public void increaseMoneyWithPessimisticLock(Integer id) { 3 Employee employee = employeeMapper.findByIdWithPessimisticLock(id); 4 final Integer oldMoney = employee.getMoney(); 5 LOGGER.info("oldMoney: {}", oldMoney); 6 employee.setMoney(oldMoney + 1); 7 employeeMapper.updateEmployee(employee); 8 }
提示：第3行中的 findByIdWithPessimisticLock() 方法就对应上面XML文件中的Mapper，有悲观锁
3.3 测试代码
private void increaseMoneyWithPessimisticLock() { int threadCount = 100; while (threadCount-- > 0) { new Thread(() -> employeeService.increaseMoneyWithPessimisticLock(1)).start(); } }
提示：100根线程，每个线程将Money值加1，预期结果是100
3.4 执行测试&查看结果
SELECT * FROM employee;
Money=100，是预期结果。
3.5 查看日志
1 2018-04-25 15:12:14,335 INFO [Thread-5] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 0 2 2018-04-25 15:12:14,343 INFO [Thread-25] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 1 3 2018-04-25 15:12:14,345 INFO [Thread-27] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 2 4 2018-04-25 15:12:14,347 INFO [Thread-23] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 3 5 2018-04-25 15:12:14,349 INFO [Thread-13] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 4 6 2018-04-25 15:12:14,350 INFO [Thread-38] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 5 7 2018-04-25 15:12:14,351 INFO [Thread-24] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 6 8 2018-04-25 15:12:14,353 INFO [Thread-4] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 7 9 2018-04-25 15:12:14,355 INFO [Thread-26] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 8 10 2018-04-25 15:12:14,357 INFO [Thread-8] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 9 11 2018-04-25 15:12:14,360 INFO [Thread-3] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 10 12 2018-04-25 15:12:14,361 INFO [Thread-81] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 11 13 2018-04-25 15:12:14,363 INFO [Thread-20] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 12 14 2018-04-25 15:12:14,365 INFO [Thread-40] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 13 15 2018-04-25 15:12:14,366 INFO [Thread-29] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 14 16 2018-04-25 15:12:14,453 INFO [Thread-14] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 15 17 2018-04-25 15:12:14,475 INFO [Thread-7] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 16 18 2018-04-25 15:12:14,485 INFO [Thread-11] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 17 19 2018-04-25 15:12:14,488 INFO [Thread-48] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 18 20 2018-04-25 15:12:14,491 INFO [Thread-47] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 19 21 2018-04-25 15:12:14,494 INFO [Thread-12] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 20 22 2018-04-25 15:12:14,497 INFO [Thread-72] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 21 23 2018-04-25 15:12:14,500 INFO [Thread-46] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 22 24 2018-04-25 15:12:14,501 INFO [Thread-44] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 23 25 2018-04-25 15:12:14,503 INFO [Thread-45] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 24 26 2018-04-25 15:12:14,504 INFO [Thread-41] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 25 27 2018-04-25 15:12:14,505 INFO [Thread-9] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 26 28 2018-04-25 15:12:14,507 INFO [Thread-19] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 27 29 2018-04-25 15:12:14,508 INFO [Thread-55] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 28 30 2018-04-25 15:12:14,509 INFO [Thread-36] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 29 31 2018-04-25 15:12:14,518 INFO [Thread-43] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 30 32 2018-04-25 15:12:14,547 INFO [Thread-53] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 31 33 2018-04-25 15:12:14,556 INFO [Thread-52] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 32 34 2018-04-25 15:12:14,558 INFO [Thread-51] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 33 35 2018-04-25 15:12:14,560 INFO [Thread-50] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 34 36 2018-04-25 15:12:14,562 INFO [Thread-32] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 35 37 2018-04-25 15:12:14,563 INFO [Thread-85] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 36 38 2018-04-25 15:12:14,565 INFO [Thread-84] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 37 39 2018-04-25 15:12:14,567 INFO [Thread-33] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 38 40 2018-04-25 15:12:14,568 INFO [Thread-82] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 39 41 2018-04-25 15:12:14,570 INFO [Thread-34] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 40 42 2018-04-25 15:12:14,571 INFO [Thread-35] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 41 43 2018-04-25 15:12:14,573 INFO [Thread-83] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 42 44 2018-04-25 15:12:14,574 INFO [Thread-42] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 43 45 2018-04-25 15:12:14,575 INFO [Thread-22] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 44 46 2018-04-25 15:12:14,585 INFO [Thread-30] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 45 47 2018-04-25 15:12:14,586 INFO [Thread-28] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 46 48 2018-04-25 15:12:14,613 INFO [Thread-16] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 47 49 2018-04-25 15:12:14,615 INFO [Thread-17] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 48 50 2018-04-25 15:12:14,616 INFO [Thread-21] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 49 51 2018-04-25 15:12:14,618 INFO [Thread-18] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 50 52 2018-04-25 15:12:14,619 INFO [Thread-37] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 51 53 2018-04-25 15:12:14,621 INFO [Thread-39] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 52 54 2018-04-25 15:12:14,623 INFO [Thread-2] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 53 55 2018-04-25 15:12:14,624 INFO [Thread-1] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 54 56 2018-04-25 15:12:14,626 INFO [Thread-10] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 55 57 2018-04-25 15:12:14,627 INFO [Thread-15] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 56 58 2018-04-25 15:12:14,628 INFO [Thread-56] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 57 59 2018-04-25 15:12:14,630 INFO [Thread-54] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 58 60 2018-04-25 15:12:14,632 INFO [Thread-31] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 59 61 2018-04-25 15:12:14,642 INFO [Thread-57] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 60 62 2018-04-25 15:12:14,645 INFO [Thread-6] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 61 63 2018-04-25 15:12:14,672 INFO [Thread-62] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 62 64 2018-04-25 15:12:14,677 INFO [Thread-59] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 63 65 2018-04-25 15:12:14,679 INFO [Thread-61] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 64 66 2018-04-25 15:12:14,680 INFO [Thread-58] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 65 67 2018-04-25 15:12:14,681 INFO [Thread-80] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 66 68 2018-04-25 15:12:14,682 INFO [Thread-76] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 67 69 2018-04-25 15:12:14,684 INFO [Thread-78] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 68 70 2018-04-25 15:12:14,685 INFO [Thread-100] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 69 71 2018-04-25 15:12:14,686 INFO [Thread-99] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 70 72 2018-04-25 15:12:14,688 INFO [Thread-79] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 71 73 2018-04-25 15:12:14,689 INFO [Thread-94] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 72 74 2018-04-25 15:12:14,690 INFO [Thread-60] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 73 75 2018-04-25 15:12:14,691 INFO [Thread-77] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 74 76 2018-04-25 15:12:14,709 INFO [Thread-95] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 75 77 2018-04-25 15:12:14,711 INFO [Thread-96] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 76 78 2018-04-25 15:12:14,712 INFO [Thread-98] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 77 79 2018-04-25 15:12:14,738 INFO [Thread-75] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 78 80 2018-04-25 15:12:14,740 INFO [Thread-74] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 79 81 2018-04-25 15:12:14,741 INFO [Thread-73] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 80 82 2018-04-25 15:12:14,742 INFO [Thread-71] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 81 83 2018-04-25 15:12:14,743 INFO [Thread-69] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 82 84 2018-04-25 15:12:14,745 INFO [Thread-70] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 83 85 2018-04-25 15:12:14,746 INFO [Thread-68] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 84 86 2018-04-25 15:12:14,748 INFO [Thread-66] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 85 87 2018-04-25 15:12:14,749 INFO [Thread-67] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 86 88 2018-04-25 15:12:14,751 INFO [Thread-64] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 87 89 2018-04-25 15:12:14,754 INFO [Thread-65] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 88 90 2018-04-25 15:12:14,755 INFO [Thread-63] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 89 91 2018-04-25 15:12:14,767 INFO [Thread-97] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 90 92 2018-04-25 15:12:14,769 INFO [Thread-93] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 91 93 2018-04-25 15:12:14,770 INFO [Thread-49] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 92 94 2018-04-25 15:12:14,796 INFO [Thread-92] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 93 95 2018-04-25 15:12:14,801 INFO [Thread-91] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 94 96 2018-04-25 15:12:14,803 INFO [Thread-89] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 95 97 2018-04-25 15:12:14,803 INFO [Thread-90] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 96 98 2018-04-25 15:12:14,804 INFO [Thread-88] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 97 99 2018-04-25 15:12:14,806 INFO [Thread-87] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 98 100 2018-04-25 15:12:14,807 INFO [Thread-86] (EmployeeService.java:36) - oldMoney: 99
可以看到，oldMoney 值由0到99依次严格递增且不重复（这就是想要的效果）。
第二部分 乐观锁
1 概念
1.1 理解方式一（来自网上其它小伙伴的博客）
乐观锁认为一般情况下数据不会造成冲突，所以在数据进行提交更新时才会对数据的冲突与否进行检测。如果没有冲突那就OK；如果出现冲突了，则返回错误信息并让用户决定如何去做。
1.2 理解方式二（来自网上其它小伙伴的博客）
乐观锁的特点是先进行业务操作，不到万不得已不会去拿锁。乐观地认为拿锁多半会是成功的，因此在完成业务操作需要实际更新数据的最后一步再去拿一下锁。
1.3 我的理解
理解一：就是 CAS 操作
理解二：类似于 SVN、GIt 这些版本管理系统，当修改了某个文件需要提交的时候，它会检查文件的当前版本是否与服务器上的一致，如果一致那就可以直接提交，如果不一致，那就必须先更新服务器上的最新代码然后再提交（也就是先将这个文件的版本更新成和服务器一样的版本）
2 如何实现乐观锁呢
首先说明一点的是：乐观锁在数据库上的实现完全是逻辑的，数据库本身不提供支持，而是需要开发者自己来实现。
常见的做法有两种：版本号控制及时间戳控制。
版本号控制的原理：
- 为表中加一个 version 字段；
- 当读取数据时，连同这个 version 字段一起读出；
- 数据每更新一次就将此值加一；
- 当提交更新时，判断数据库表中对应记录的当前版本号是否与之前取出来的版本号一致，如果一致则可以直接更新，如果不一致则表示是过期数据需要重试或者做其它操作（PS：这完完全全就是 CAS 的实现逻辑呀~）
至于时间戳控制，其原理和版本号控制差不多，也是在表中添加一个 timestamp 的时间戳字段，然后提交更新时判断数据库中对应记录的当前时间戳是否与之前取出来的时间戳一致，一致就更新，不一致就重试。
3 Java代码演示
3.1 准备
还是之前的Java代码；这里使用版本号控制来实现乐观锁。
3.2 业务逻辑代码
XMP 文件中的 Mapper：
<update id="updateEmployeeWithOptimisticLock"> UPDATE employee SET money = #{e.money}, version = #{e.version} + 1 WHERE id = #{e.id} AND #{e.version} = version update>
提示：
- SET 中有 version = #{e.version} + 1 的操作
- WHERE 条件中有 #{e.version} = version 的判断
Service 中的业务逻辑：
1 /** 2 * 失败尝试 3 * @param id 4 */ 5 public void increaseMoneyWithOptimisticLock(Integer id) { 6 int tryTimes = 0; 7 while (true) { 8 tryTimes++; 9 if (internalIncreaseMoneyWithOptimisticLock(id) != 0) { 10 // 说明更新成功，直接退出 11 break; 12 } 13 if (tryTimes == 200) { 14 // 达到最大重试次数，退出 15 break; 16 } 17 try { 18 // 休息一段时间后再重试 19 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000)); 20 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 21 e.printStackTrace(); 22 Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 23 } 24 } 25 LOGGER.info("tryTimes: {}", tryTimes); 26 } 27 28 /** 29 * 查找Employee对象，并进行更新 30 * @param id 31 * @return 32 */ 33 @Transactional(rollbackFor = RuntimeException.class) 34 public Integer internalIncreaseMoneyWithOptimisticLock(Integer id) { 35 Employee employee = employeeMapper.findById(id); 36 final Integer oldMoney = employee.getMoney(); 37 LOGGER.info("oldMoney: {}", oldMoney); 38 employee.setMoney(oldMoney + 1); 39 return employeeMapper.updateEmployeeWithOptimisticLock(employee); 40 }
提示：
- 乐观锁，其实是开发者自己实现的逻辑
- 更新失败后，休息一段时间后再进行重试
3.3 测试代码
private void increaseMoneyWithOptimisticLock() { int threadCount = 100; while (threadCount-- > 0) { new Thread(() -> employeeService.increaseMoneyWithOptimisticLock(1)).start(); } }
提示：100根线程，每个线程将Money值加1，预期结果是Money的值在之前的基础上增加100
3.4 执行测试&查看结果
之前Money=100，现在预期增加100，所以现在Money=200符合预期。同时，version 字段的值也由最初的1更新为101（也被更新了100次，每次加一）。
3.5 查看日志
1 2018-04-25 16:24:07,851 INFO [Thread-36] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 2 2018-04-25 16:24:07,853 INFO [Thread-54] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 3 2018-04-25 16:24:07,856 INFO [Thread-55] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 4 2018-04-25 16:24:07,856 INFO [Thread-45] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 5 2018-04-25 16:24:07,858 INFO [Thread-56] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 6 2018-04-25 16:24:07,858 INFO [Thread-53] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 7 2018-04-25 16:24:07,858 INFO [Thread-33] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 8 2018-04-25 16:24:07,859 INFO [Thread-57] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 9 2018-04-25 16:24:07,859 INFO [Thread-31] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 100 10 2018-04-25 16:24:07,863 INFO [Thread-30] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 101 11 2018-04-25 16:24:07,868 INFO [Thread-29] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 101 12 2018-04-25 16:24:07,880 INFO [Thread-75] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 101 13 2018-04-25 16:24:07,881 INFO [Thread-76] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 102 14 2018-04-25 16:24:07,882 INFO [Thread-78] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 102 15 2018-04-25 16:24:07,883 INFO [Thread-77] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 102 16 2018-04-25 16:24:07,885 INFO [Thread-79] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 103 17 2018-04-25 16:24:07,887 INFO [Thread-80] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 103 18 2018-04-25 16:24:07,888 INFO [Thread-28] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 104 19 2018-04-25 16:24:07,890 INFO [Thread-27] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 104 20 2018-04-25 16:24:07,892 INFO [Thread-26] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 105 21 2018-04-25 16:24:07,894 INFO [Thread-25] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 105 22 2018-04-25 16:24:07,895 INFO [Thread-24] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 106 23 2018-04-25 16:24:07,897 INFO [Thread-83] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 106 24 2018-04-25 16:24:07,898 INFO [Thread-82] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 106 25 2018-04-25 16:24:07,900 INFO [Thread-84] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 107 26 2018-04-25 16:24:07,904 INFO [Thread-21] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 108 27 2018-04-25 16:24:07,906 INFO [Thread-20] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 109 28 2018-04-25 16:24:07,907 INFO [Thread-6] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 109 29 2018-04-25 16:24:07,908 INFO [Thread-9] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 110 30 2018-04-25 16:24:07,909 INFO [Thread-85] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 110 31 2018-04-25 16:24:07,909 INFO [Thread-86] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 111 32 2018-04-25 16:24:07,911 INFO [Thread-91] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 111 33 2018-04-25 16:24:07,912 INFO [Thread-81] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 112 34 2018-04-25 16:24:07,913 INFO [Thread-90] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 112 35 2018-04-25 16:24:07,915 INFO [Thread-96] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 112 36 2018-04-25 16:24:07,924 INFO [Thread-97] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 113 37 2018-04-25 16:24:07,926 INFO [Thread-36] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 1 38 2018-04-25 16:24:07,928 INFO [Thread-18] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 113 39 2018-04-25 16:24:07,929 INFO [Thread-4] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 113 40 2018-04-25 16:24:07,932 INFO [Thread-94] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 114 41 2018-04-25 16:24:07,934 INFO [Thread-12] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 114 42 2018-04-25 16:24:07,935 INFO [Thread-93] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 114 43 2018-04-25 16:24:07,939 INFO [Thread-92] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 115 44 2018-04-25 16:24:07,940 INFO [Thread-69] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 115 45 2018-04-25 16:24:07,960 INFO [Thread-86] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 1 46 2018-04-25 16:24:07,961 INFO [Thread-9] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 1 47 2018-04-25 16:24:07,960 INFO [Thread-75] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 1 48 2018-04-25 16:24:07,962 INFO [Thread-33] (EmployeeService.java:77) - 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tryTimes: 2 253 2018-04-25 16:24:08,814 INFO [Thread-57] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 254 2018-04-25 16:24:08,814 INFO [Thread-66] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 255 2018-04-25 16:24:08,827 INFO [Thread-94] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 187 256 2018-04-25 16:24:08,840 INFO [Thread-53] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 188 257 2018-04-25 16:24:08,840 INFO [Thread-95] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 188 258 2018-04-25 16:24:08,843 INFO [Thread-62] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 259 2018-04-25 16:24:08,843 INFO [Thread-55] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 260 2018-04-25 16:24:08,857 INFO [Thread-37] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 189 261 2018-04-25 16:24:08,872 INFO [Thread-94] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 262 2018-04-25 16:24:08,872 INFO [Thread-53] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 263 2018-04-25 16:24:08,887 INFO [Thread-15] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 190 264 2018-04-25 16:24:08,891 INFO [Thread-16] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 191 265 2018-04-25 16:24:08,902 INFO [Thread-37] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 266 2018-04-25 16:24:08,909 INFO [Thread-14] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 192 267 2018-04-25 16:24:08,931 INFO [Thread-16] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 268 2018-04-25 16:24:08,931 INFO [Thread-15] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 269 2018-04-25 16:24:08,960 INFO [Thread-14] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 270 2018-04-25 16:24:08,964 INFO [Thread-65] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 193 271 2018-04-25 16:24:08,965 INFO [Thread-42] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 194 272 2018-04-25 16:24:08,970 INFO [Thread-19] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 195 273 2018-04-25 16:24:08,989 INFO [Thread-65] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 3 274 2018-04-25 16:24:09,018 INFO [Thread-42] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 275 2018-04-25 16:24:09,018 INFO [Thread-19] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 2 276 2018-04-25 16:24:09,025 INFO [Thread-40] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 196 277 2018-04-25 16:24:09,056 INFO [Thread-40] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 3 278 2018-04-25 16:24:09,318 INFO [Thread-43] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 197 279 2018-04-25 16:24:09,352 INFO [Thread-43] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 3 280 2018-04-25 16:24:09,433 INFO [Thread-7] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 198 281 2018-04-25 16:24:09,473 INFO [Thread-7] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 3 282 2018-04-25 16:24:09,578 INFO [Thread-95] (EmployeeService.java:77) - oldMoney: 199 283 2018-04-25 16:24:09,627 INFO [Thread-95] (EmployeeService.java:65) - tryTimes: 3
可以看到，还是有一些线程会拿到相同的值，但是由于版本控制使得最终只有一根线程能够更新成功，其它更新失败的线程会继续尝试，最终能更新成功。
第三部分 总结&对比
| 悲观锁 | 乐观锁 | |
| 概念 | 查询时直接锁住记录使得其它事务不能查询，更不能更新 | 提交更新时检查版本或者时间戳是否符合 |
| 语法 | select ... for update | 使用 version 或者 timestamp 进行比较 |
| 实现者 | 数据库本身 | 开发者 |
| 适用场景 | 并发量大 | 并发量小 |
| 类比Java | Synchronized关键字 | CAS 算法 |